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Distance/Space
Ground
Electrode
Under Potential Current
Test (X) Probe (P) Probe (C)
Resistance in Ohmss
Stakeless
Tester
V
I
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Disadvantages
Di d t
Stakeless/Clamp-On Method
• Effective only in situations with multiple
grounds in parallel (pole grounds)
grounds).
• Cannot be used on isolated grounds.
- no return path
• Cannot be used if an alternate lower
resistance return exists not involving the
soil.
- Cellular towers
- Substations
Disadvantages
Stakeless/Clamp-On Method