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Question 2
(9 points)
An 8.55 mol sample of methanol, CH3OH, is placed in a 15.0 L evacuated rigid tank and heated to 327°C.
At that temperature, all of the methanol is vaporized and some of the methanol decomposes to form carbon
monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, as represented in the equation below.
→ CO(g) + 2 H (g)
CH3OH(g) ← 2
(a) The reaction mixture contains 6.30 mol of CO(g) at equilibrium at 327°C.
2 mol H 2
6.30 mol CO × = 12.6 mol H2 1 point is earned for the correct number of moles.
1 mol CO
1 mol CH3OH
6.30 mol CO × = 6.30 mol CH3OH reacted
1 mol CO
1 point is earned for the
8.55 mol CH3OHinitial − 6.30 mol CH3OHreacted = 2.25 mol CH3OH correct number of grams.
32.042 g
2.25 mol × = 72.1 g
1 mol
12.6 mol H 2
2.25 mol CH3OH + 6.30 mol CO + 12.6 mol H 2 1 point is earned for the correct setup.
nRT
PV = nRT ⇒ P =
V 1 point is earned for the correct setup.
L atm
(21.15 mol)(0.0821 )(600 K)
= mol K
15.0 L 1 point is earned for the correct answer.
= 69.5 atm
Question 2 (continued)
(b) Consider the three gases in the tank at 327°C: CH3OH(g), CO(g), and H2(g).
(i) How do the average kinetic energies of the molecules of the gases compare? Explain.
The average kinetic energies are the same because all three gases 1 point is earned for the
are at the same temperature. correct answer and explanation.
(ii) Which gas has the highest average molecular speed? Explain.
1 2
KE = mv , so at a given temperature the molecules with the
2 1 point is earned for the
lowest mass have the highest average speed. Therefore the correct answer and explanation.
molecules in H2 gas have the highest average molecular speed.
(c) The tank is cooled to 25°C, which is well below the boiling point of methanol. It is found that small
amounts of H2(g) and CO(g) have dissolved in the liquid CH3OH . Which of the two gases would you
expect to be more soluble in methanol at 25°C? Justify your answer.
Question 2
10 points
2. A rigid 8.20 L flask contains a mixture of 2.50 moles of H2 , 0.500 mole of O2 , and sufficient Ar
so that the partial pressure of Ar in the flask is 2.00 atm. The temperature is 127ºC.
L·atm
nH2RT (2.50 mol)( 0.0821 )(400 K ) 1 point earned
PH = = mol·K = 10.0 atm
2 V 8.20 L for the partial
pressure of H2
L·atm
nO2RT (0.500 mol)( 0.0821 )(400 K )
PO = = mol·K = 2.00 atm
2 V 1 point earned
8.20 L
for the partial
pressure of O2
PAr = 2.0 atm
molH
2
Mol fractionH =
2 molH + molO + molAr
2 2
molH = 2.50 mol
2
molO = 0.500 mol
2
(2.00 atm)(8.20 L) 1 point earned
PV
molAr = = = 0.500 mol Ar for mol Ar
RT L·atm
(0.0821 )(400 K )
mol·K
molH + molO + molAr = 2.50 mol + 0.500 mol + 0.500 mol
2 2
= 3.50 mol total
1 point earned
molH 2.50 mol for mol fraction
2 =
Mol fractionH = 3.50 mol = 0.714 of H2
2 molH + molO + molAr
2 2
5
AP® CHEMISTRY
2002 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)
Question 2 (cont’d.)
(c) Calculate the density (in g L–1) of the mixture in the flask
2.016 g H2
2.50 mol H2 = 5.04 g H2
1 mol H2
32.0 g O2
0.500 mol O2 = 16.0 g O2
1 mol O2 1 point earned
40.0 g Ar for mass of
0.500 mol Ar = 20.0 g Ar
1 mol Ar all species
The mixture in the flask is ignited by a spark, and the reaction represented below occurs until one of the
reactants is entirely consumed.
(d) Give the mole fraction of all species present in the flask at the end of the reaction.
1.50 mol H 2
mol fractionH = = 0.500
2 3.00 mol
0 mol O 2 1 point earned for any two mol
mol fractionO = = 0 (not necessary) fractions, excluding O2
2
3.00 mol
0.500 mol Ar
mol fractionAr = = 0.167
3.00 mol
1.00 mol H 2 O
mol fractionH O = = 0.333
2 3.00 mol