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BTech/UG113106– Workshop Technology

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Unit 1: Common Workshop Tools
1.2: Marking tools

1. Introduction to marking tools

2. Surface plate

3. Scriber

4. Surface gauge

5. Punch

6. V-block

7. Angle plate

8. Try-square

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Introduction to Maring Tools > Marker Video: Marking out.MP4

Draw any three Marking Tools and explain their use
Marking refers to the process of mark something on workpiece to trace back to it.
Marking out is the preliminary work of providing guide lines and centre before cutting or
drilling.

In addition to the measuring instruments described earlier, the following tools are used for
marking:

1. Surface plate
2. Scriber
3. Surface gauge
4. Punch
5. V-block
6. Angle plate
7. Try-square

Programmer: Make list type instruction design

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1. Surface Plate
Draw the sketch of surface plate and explain its use

The surface plate as shown in Figure is used for (i) testing the flatness of work itself and
(ii) for marking out work.

The marking-out surface must be protected from

rust and dirt and wiped clean and smeared with
grease or oil after use.

They are made in two grades of accuracy A and B

grade.

A surface plates are scraped to within 0.005 mm of flatness while grade B plates are 0.02
mm of flatness.

Quick Quiz
Surface plate is used:
A. to check the trueness of flat surfaces*
B. for marking out work*
C. to hold round bars during marking
D. to locate centres of round bar

Feedback:
A. to check the trueness of flat surfaces*
B. for marking out work*

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2. Scriber
Draw the sketch of scriber and explain its working
The scriber as shown in Figure is a piece of hardened
steel about 150 to 300 mm and 3 to 5 mm in
diameter, pointed one or both ends like a needle.

It is used to scratching a line or marking a point on

workpiece before doing any operation on it.

It is made up of hard material e.g. steel and has a

sharp, pointed edge.

The bent end is used to scratch line in places where

the straight end cannot reach.

The ends are sharpened on an oilstone when necessary.

Image: Scribe animation.gif

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3. Surface Gauge
It consists of a cast iron base perfectly machined
and planed at the top, bottom and all sides.

It carries a spindle which may be set at any

angle.

A scriber, which may be set at any angle or at

any height is clamped to the spindle.

A fine adjustment is provided by a screw (height

adjusting screw) and movement of this screw
swings the scriber through a small arc and thus
varies the height.

Surface gauge is essentially used for marking on vertical or nearly vertical surfaces, but it
can also be adopted for scribing horizontal surfaces.

A further advantage of this type of gauge is the provision of a Vee in the base for resting
the block on a round bar, so that the dimensions may be set off from the bar to some
other part ofthe work.

It is used to (i) find out the centre of a round work, (ii) to align work in centre, and (iii) to
layout markings on a work of any shape.

The size of the gauge depends upon the job in hand but one with interchangeable spindles
about 225 mm to 300 mm long is suitable.
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4. Punch
Draw the sketch of three types of punch and explain its working
A punch is used in a bench work for marking out work, locating centres, etc. in a more
permanent manner.

Three types of punches are used:

(1) prick punch,
(2) centre punch
(3) hollow punch

The prick punch is sharply pointed tool. The tapered point of the punch
is usually 40o.
It is used to make small punch marks on layout lines to make them last
longer.

The centre punch looks like a prick punch. Its point has an angle more
obtuse usually being 60o or 90o. The centre punch is used only to make
the prick-punch marks larger at the centres of holes, that are to be
drilled, hence the name centre punch.
The punch is a steel rod 90 to l50mm long and 8 to 13mm in diameter.

Hollow punches are hollow inside, with sharp ring-shaped cutting

edge. They can be used for making round holes, especially the bolt
holes on the gaskets.

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Quick Quiz
Which of the listed punches can be properly used to make a starting mark for a drill?

a. Drift punch
b. Aligning punch
c. Center punch*
d. Prick punch

Feedback: Center punch* is used to make a starting mark for a drill

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5. V-block
Draw the sketch of V-block and explain its Working
The V-block is a block of steel with V -shaped grooves.

V-block is used for holding round bars during marking and centre drilling their end faces
which are to be held between centres on the lathe.

It is also used for roundly shaped workpieces which are to be

drilled.

In this way they are firmly supported in a horizontal position and

cannot rotate easily.

V-blocks of the following sizes are found to be most useful:

length from 50 to 250 mm width and height from 50 to 100 mm.

For long cylindrical work; several blocks of the same size are used
as set.

Image: V block animation.gif

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Quick Quiz

V-block is used to:

(a) check the trueness of flat surface (b) locate centres of round rods
(c) check the surface roughness (d) none of these*.

Feedback: none of these*.

V-block is used for holding round bars during marking and centre drilling their end faces which are
to be held between centres on the lathe It is also used for roundly shaped workpieces which are to
be drilled.

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6. Angle plate
Draw the sketch of Angle plate and explain its Working
The angle plate is made of grey cast iron has two plane surfaces
at right angles to each other.

This is used in conjunction with the surface plate for supporting

work in the vertical position.

It has various slots in it to enable the work to be held firmly by

bolts and clamps.

7. Try-square
Draw the sketch of Try-square and explain its Working
The engineers try-square is composed of two parts, the beam and the blade. They are
usually made from bright mild steel with the blade being
hardened and tempered so that it resists damage.

It is normally used during engineering / metalworking

projects. A typical use of an engineer’s try-square is to
mark out material for cutting/shaping.

The try square is pushed against a straight side of the material (e.g. steel). An engineer’s
scriber is then used to scratch a line onto the surface of the metal.

Image: Scribe animation.gif

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Quick Quiz
Match the tool with description
Description Tool
1 This is used in conjunction with the surface plate for supporting work Angle plate
in the vertical position.

It has various slots in it to enable the work to be held firmly by bolts

and clamps.

2 It is a tool composed of two parts beam and blade, normally used Try-square
during engineering / metalworking projects. A typical use of an
engineer’s try-square is to mark out material for cutting/shaping.
3 Roundly shaped workpieces which are to be marked or drilled are V-block
placed on this tool. In this way they are firmly supported in a
horizontal position and cannot rotate easily.

4 It is used to make small punch marks on layout lines to make them Prick punch
last longer.

5 It is used only to make larger punch mark at the centres of holes, Centre punch
that are to be drilled.
6 It is used to scratching a line or marking a point on workpiece before Scriber
doing any operation on it. It is made up of hard material e.g. steel
and has a sharp, pointed edge.

7 It is used for (i) testing the flatness of work itself and (ii) for marking Surface plate
out work.

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