fib Model Code 2020 –

Overview and aspirations:

Existing structures

MC2020 a single structural code for both

new and existing concrete structures
Dr Stuart Matthews
Chair fib Commission 3: Existing concrete structures
Convenor fib Task Group 10.1: Model Code 2020

Kaiserslautern, September 2017

 Contents

fib Model Code 2020 activities:

• MC2010 - The journey to MC2020
• Technical issues and aspirations
• Draft MC2020 Table of Contents (TOC)
• Existing concrete structures
• Forward look
 The fib Model Code

 An advanced guideline for

the design of concrete
structures
 Summarises up-to-date
knowledge, not only mature
consensus material as legal
codes mostly do
 Strives to be the premier
design guideline worldwide
 Is fib‘s flagship publication
 The fib
The fibModel
ModelCode
Code
will become …..

 An advanced guideline for the

design and
the design assessment of
of concrete
new & existing concrete
structures
structures
 Summarises up-to-date
 Summarises
knowledge, notup-to-date knowledge,
only mature
not only mature
consensus consensus
material as legal 2020
material as legal
codes mostly do codes mostly do
 Strives to bestructural
The premier the premier design
and
design assessment guideline
guideline worldwide
worldwide
 Is fib‘s flagship publication
 Is fib‘s flagship publication

Our ambitious aspirations

 Development of the fib Model Code
and its influence on other standards
ENV for EC2
EC2:2004
EC2:2020 ?
Asian & African Model Codes ?

fib
Model Code
2020

1978 1990 2010

fib Model Codes are reference documents used
worldwide for research and structural design
 fib Model Code 2010 - Overview

PART CHAPTER
1. Scope Response to
Part 1 2. Terminology design
3. Basic principles provisions
4. Design principles
Part II: Design Input Data 5. Materials
6. Interface characteristics
Part III: Design 7. Design
Part IV: Construction 8. Construction
9. Conservation
Part V: Conservation
10. Dismantlement

Existing structures
 fib Model Code 2010: Chapter 9:
Conservation of Concrete Structures
9.1 General

Flow of activities
9.2 Conservation strategies and tactics
9.3 Conservation management
9.4 Condition survey
9.5 Condition assessment
9.6 Condition evaluation and decision-making
9.7 Interventions
9.8 Recording

Gave guidance on the processes involved, lacked detailed

guidance on performance verification calculations
 Implications for MC2020:
Materials / forms of construction

1700 1800 1900 1950 2000

Increasing rate of change

Increasing diversity of concrete

materials & systems

Inst. Structural Engineers: Appraisal of existing structures: 3rd edition

Concrete – An extended family of materials
Very different properties, characteristics & performances

• Compressive strength - 2 MPa to over 200 MPa

• High strength concretes Concretes used in previous
• High performance concretes generations of structures
• Lightweight concretes
• Gas concretes
Concretes using new binders
• High density concretes
• Flowable and self-compacting concretes
• Coloured concretes New repair & protection materials
• Concretes made with recycled and / or waste materials
• Fibre reinforced concretes: metallic & non-metallic fibres
• Concretes using corrosion resistant metallic reinforcement
• Concretes using non-metallic reinforcement ……….. etc
 350
RPC, UHPC: c.2000s
300
Compressive strength [MPa]

250
HPC: c.1990s
200

150
NSC: 1970-1980s
100 MC 2010
NSC: c.1950s
50
MC 1990
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Water-binder ratio [-]

Change in concrete compressive strength since ≈1950

[Expressed in terms of fcm, the mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength]:
Courtesy: Harald Mueller
Krk Bridge, Croatia
 Toll plaza Millau Viaduct, France

Sakata Mirai pedestrian bridge, Japan

Structures built using ultra

high performance fibre
reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)
 Use of
UHPFRC for
1.5m high
retaining
wall to
monsoon
drainage
channel
Conventional design UHPFRC design

Mass of UHPFRC material used: 27% of PC design

Embodied energy of UHPFRC: 51% of PC design
CO2 emissions of UHPFRC: 51% of PC design
100 year global warming potential of UHPFRC: 57% of PC design
 An extended family of
concrete structures …
Great Belt East Bridge, Denmark
Main span of 1624 m
100 year service life design
An extended family of concrete structures …

Concrete is used to provide iconic buildings

and interesting architectural edifices !
Heritage structures and their conservation

The Pont du Gard

Roman aqueduct, south France
 Most concrete structures perform well and are
adequately durable for their service environment
and have satisfactorily long service lives

Some in extremely harsh and demanding

service environments…
Carbonation induced reinforcement corrosion

Some structures deteriorate or are damaged

in-service & need to be assessed for current
safety and future performance / durability
Krk Bridge

Cracking and
corrosion
experienced in a
marine environment
Combined attack:
Freeze-thaw damage & then
reinforcement corrosion
Accidental damage: Fire
 fib MC2020 needs to address
A growing and extended family of concrete structures
constructed from an increasingly diverse range of concretes,
reinforcing and other materials …..

UHPFRC, tailor made concretes, etc

Ecoconcrete - Optimising packing density,
workability and strength (Fennis 2013)

With all the changes taking place perhaps we need to refer to

these as materials formerly known as concrete!

Structures which require assessment / interventions for current

safety & future performance / durability perhaps due to:
• deterioration / damage in-service or
• have details (typically to older codes) that do not comply with
contemporary requirements
 The journey to fib MC2020
• A number of preparatory meetings & workshops 2014 - 2015
• The fib Technical Council endorsed the fib MC2020 project at
its meeting in Madrid, June 2016
• The new fib Model Code will including provisions for the:
– Design of new concrete structures
– Assessment of, interventions upon and the through-life
management and care of existing concrete structures

• The remit for the fib MC2020 project is:

To boldly go beyond the point reached by fib MC2010 and
other contemporary structural codes (CEN, ISO …..)
[with apologies to Star Trek]
 TG10.1
Delivery group for MC2020
 fib MC2020 project
Seeking wide technical and international participation

Identifying knowledge / expertise / key people needed

MC2020 project team - Currently over 70 people contributing

- Larger group via fib COMMs & MC2020 AGs

Members include:
• the fib Commission chairs (engaging their Commissions)
• representatives of geographic regions and other technical bodies
• other invited fib members - technical authors
• other technical contributors (often via Action Groups)
 fédération internationale du béton -
International spread of national groups
JCI-fib Joint Workshop, Sept 2016

TG10.1 Workshop, Mar 2017

TG10.1 Workshop, Oct 2016

MC2020 Workshop, Oct 2017

MC2020 Workshop, Sept 2017

MC2020 Special Session

MC2020 Workshop, Nov 2016
fib Symposium Maastricht, June 2017
Experience and use of MC2010

Other MC2020 workshops in planning / under consideration

Looking for global involvement and contributions to MC2020
 fib MC2020: Recent activities

Kick-off meeting for TG10.1:

Lausanne, Switzerland, 14 & 15 October 2016
• Establishing a shared vision of specific tasks
• Initial consideration of draft contents for MC2020
• 26 technical presentations with extensive discussion
• Robustness / Resilience • Numerical analysis of new & existing structures
• Seismic behaviour • Models and material characterisation
• Extreme thermal conditions • Verification of durability
• Advancing models for ULS • Reliability concepts & safety philosophy
• Sustainability • Interventions on new and existing structures
• New cementitious materials • Through-life management & decision-making
• Non-metallic reinforcements • Monitoring & the value of data
• Non-static loading • Models etc for new materials (UHPC, FRC)
 MC2020: Action Groups - 1
AG1: Databases Bayrak
AG2: Shear, punching & other combined actions Muttoni
AG3: Bond Plizzari
AG4: Durability & SLD (via COM8) Papworth & Müller
AG5: Detailing COM2 to advise
AG6: Fire Taerwe
AG7: Seismic Design & Assessment Fardis
AG8: Numerical analysis (NLFEM) Hendriks & Monti
AG9: Testing & SHM Bergmeister & Strauss
AG10: Robustness / Accidental actions Caspeele & Mancini
AG11: Fatigue Ueda
AG12: Impact & Explosion Di Prisco
 AG4 - Structure
Action Group 4: Durability & Service Life Design
TG8.8
TG8.9 Det. TG8.10 Steel TG4.? TG3? Inspect.
Common
Mechanism Reinforcement Materials & Testing
Approaches

Rilem 262-eec; 255-CTC; 251-

SRT; 219-ACS; 266-MRP
Rilem CIM
WP 1 Through Life WP 1 Rebar WP 1 Galvanised WP 1 Additives and WP 1 Concrete Trial
Plans TG8.2 Corrosion Initiation Rebar EPC WP11 Admixtures Mix Tests

WP 2 Durability WP 2 Rebar WP 2 Concrete QA

WP 2 Stainless Steel WP 2 Paste Systems
Design Approaches Corrosion Prop. EPC WP11
Testing

WP 3 Exposure WP 3 Abrasion, WP 3 Post TG8.5 WP 3 Concrete

Tensioning WP 3 Inhibitors
Zones Erosion/Cavitation EPC WP11 Defect Testing
TG3.2 Modelling structural

WP 4 Interface Mech. WP 4 Freeze / Thaw WP 4 In Service

WP 4 Pre Tensioning WP 4 Repairs TG3.4
& Design TG3.2 inc. Scaling Attack EPC WP11
Strength Tests

AG Structural Health
TG8.1
WP5 Risk and WP 5 In Service
WP 5 Leaching WP 5 Steel Fibres
performance

Reliability Corrosion Tests

Monitoring
TG8.7

WP 6 Durability & WP 6 Water / Water

WP 6 Monitoring
Early Age Cracking Vapour Migration Fibre Rebar
Rilem SIF
Rilem MCT; 248-MMP
EFC WP11 Corrosion
in concrete. Covered by
WP 7 Chemical TG5.1 Experts
Bulletin 49 on WP 7 Samples
Attack corrosion of steels
AG10 Robustness,
(Execution Cl & WP 8 Internal
WP 8 Number of tests
Reliability) Attack Rilem 258-AAA; 248-MMP

COM4

RILEM
Committees

MC2020 AG4 Draft Structure Plan vs 6 25/6/2017

29
fib MC2020

The starting point is

fib Model Code 2010
 fib Model Code for Concrete Structures

• The new fib Model Code will include extended provisions for:
– Design of new concrete structures
– Assessment of, interventions upon and the through-life management
and care of existing concrete structures
• fib Model Code has always included considered information
reflecting the state of the art, not just ‘mature’ consensus material

• The new fib Model Code will incorporate fib Model Code 2010:
– fib Model Code 2010 contained many advances and addressed a range
of new technical topics
– The opportunity will be taken to update to reflect recent developments
 Model Code 2020: General aspirations
• Single structural code for both new & existing concrete structures
• Integrated life cycle perspective
• Holistic sustainability framework: Social, environment & economic factors
– Sustainability driven treatment of structural safety, service life,
serviceability, durability, robustness, resilience etc
• Fundamental principles & safety philosophy based on reliability concepts
• Implementation of performance based concept
• Consistent approach to robustness and redundancy
• Utilises generalised models and level of approximation approach
• Removes constraints for novel types of concrete and reinforcing materials
• Particular attention to through-life management
• Takes advantage of information acquired by testing and monitoring

• To have a strong international (world) perspective

 Some technical objectives - 1
Levels of approximation / sophistication of analytical treatment – say 4

Very general safety format

simplest safety format

• IV System / global assessment of critical structures / design of special cases

• III In depth elemental evaluation existing structures / design of special cases
• II Typical elemental design / assessment
• I Preliminary design, non governing limit state (design and assessment)

Verification levels in reliability evaluation: Levels I to IV

• I Partial factor methods II Updating of info / reduction in uncertainty
• III Full probabilistic approach IV Full probabilistic with sustainability
evaluation & cost optimisation ??
 Some technical objectives - 2
Aspirations for single code for new & existing structures
Current situation: Desired situation:
Separate Design + Assessment Merged Design & Assessment

Less effective future Successful future general

general structural code structural code
with only limited shared with extensive shared
general provisions general provisions
Courtesy Steve Denton
 Some technical objectives - 3

• Better models for deterioration processes – especially

propagation stage
• Generalised models, with coherent applications for new and
existing structures
• Structural models for deterioration / damage effects
• Lower safety levels for existing structures for economic factors
• Same safety levels for existing structures for human safety
• Improved models for service life prediction / estimation
• Models for ‘repaired’ structures / intervention behaviour
• ……………….
MODEL CODE 2020: CONTENTS PROPOSAL
MC2010 Part I: General MC2020 Part I: General
1. Scope 1. Scope
2. Terminology 2. Terminology
3. Basic principles 3. Basic principles of design and assessment
• Performance-based approach principles • Through-life management framework
• Performance requirements for serviceability and • Holistic sustainability framework
structural safety • Performance-based approach principles
• Performance criteria for sustainability • Levels-of-Performance approach
• Life cycle quality management • Reliability principles incl. uncertainty treatment
• Levels-of-Approximation approach
• Performance requirements for serviceability, structural safety
(incl. durability & robustness implications), social performance,
environmental performance & economic performance
• Quality and Information Management
• Life Cycle Management incl. decision-making
MODEL CODE 2020: CONTENTS PROPOSAL
MC2010 Part I: General
4. Principles of structural design
• Design situations, strategies and methods
• Safety formats
MC2020 Part I: General
4. Principles and processes
• Design and assessment situations
• Design and assessment strategies
• Design and assessment methods
• Limit state design principles
• Safety formats principles
• Calibration principles
• Formats for compliance check
• Probabilistic format
• Partial factor format
• Global resistance format
• Deemed-to-satisfy approach
• Design by avoidance
• Principles of construction
• Principles of conservation
• Principles of dismantlement and reuse
MODEL CODE 2020: CONTENTS PROPOSAL
MC2010 Part II: Design Input Data
5. Materials
• Input data for contemporary materials
• concrete,
• reinforcing steel,
• prestressing steel,
• prestressing systems,
• non-metallic reinforcement,
• fibres/fibre reinforced concrete
MC2010 Part II: Design Input Data
6. Interface characteristics
• Input data for contemporary materials
• bond of embedded steel reinforcement
• bond of non-metallic reinforcement
• concrete to concrete
• concrete to steel
MC2020 Part II: Design & Assessment Input Data
5. Materials
• Input data for contemporary and old materials incl.
• concrete,
• reinforcing steel,
• prestressing steel,
• prestressing systems,
• non-metallic reinforcement,
• fibres/fibre reinforced concrete,
• ultra high performance concrete,
• protective materials & systems
• Input data for other forms of construction
• Input data for material damage and deterioration
MC2020 Part II: Design & Assessment Input Data
6. Interface characteristics
• Input data for contemporary and old materials
• bond of embedded steel reinforcement
• bond of prestressing rebars
• bond of embedded non-metallic reinforcement
• bond of externally bonded non-metallic reinforcement
• bond of externally bonded steel
• concrete to concrete
• concrete to steel
• Input data for other forms of construction
• Input data for material damage and deterioration
• bond of corroded steel reinforcement
MODEL CODE 2020: CONTENTS PROPOSAL
MC2010 Part III: Design
7. Design procedure
• Conceptual design
• Structural analysis and dimensioning
• Design verification
• Detailing incl. fastenings
MC2020 Part III: Design & Assessment
7. Design and assessment procedures
• Conceptual approach to design and assessment
• Structural analysis and dimensioning
• Design, assessment & re-design verification incl.
• verification assisted by models
• verifications assisted by numerical simulations
• verification assisted by monitoring and testing
• Detailing incl. fastenings
• Verification of effectiveness of measures and interventions
MODEL CODE 2020: CONTENTS PROPOSAL

MC2010 Part IV: Construction MC2020 Part IV: Construction

8. Construction 8. Construction and intervention activities
• New works • New works
• Execution management • Execution management of new works
• Reinforcing steel works • Reinforcing steel works
• Prestressing works • Prestressing works
• Non-metallic reinforcement • Non-metallic reinforcement
• Falsework and formwork • Works on existing structures
• Execution management of works on existing structures
• Execution of interventions

MC2010 Part V: Conservation MC2020 Part V: Conservation

9. Conservation 9. Through-life management & care
• Provisions for condition assessment , evaluation, decision- • Use and conservation by through-life management
making & interventions • Conservation by interventions (physical works)

MC2010 Part VI: Dismantlement MC2020 Part VI: Dismantlement

10. Dismantlement 10. Dismantlement

11. Recycle and reuse
 Need improved material & mechanical
models for assessing existing structures

Structural models need to apply not only to the design of new

structures, but also to the determination of the capacity /
reliability, serviceability, remaining service life etc:
• Load carrying behaviours not accounted for in design
– Compressive membrane action
• Structures with inappropriate details:
– Shear reinforcement is less than the prescribed minimum %
– Smooth reinforcing bars (without surface ribs)
– Non-compliant anchorage details / lap lengths, etc
• Structures experiencing deterioration:
– Reinforcement corrosion
– Degradation of the concrete (ASR, Sulfate attack, freeze-thaw ..) etc
 Improved material & mechanical models
for assessment of ‘actual’ capacity
• Performance-based design
o Ability of a structure to fulfil the
performance requirements during the
service life for which it has been
designed at required probability level

• Limit state concepts

o Transition between the desired state
and the adverse state

• Service life design principles Extended

service life
• Incorporation of deterioration effects
reducing structural resistance R(t)
• Increase in load effect S(t) with time
Decrease in structural resistance R(t) with
• Recognition of resistance effects not time & increase in the load effect S(t) with time
accounted for in design Benefit of unaccounted behaviours upon
(eg compressive membrane action) - structural resistance and on actual service life
Larger structural resistance
 Modelling deterioration processes and
propagation stages - 1
Initiation and propagation models for concrete:
• Physical deterioration and damage processes
– Frost / Freeze-thaw-salt induced deterioration of concrete
– Abrasion and erosion
– Physical salt crystallisation and scaling
– Water penetration and water vapour transport
• Chemical deterioration processes
– Alkali-silica reaction
– Acid attack
– Sulfate attack (various forms including the thaumasite form of attack)
– Delayed ettringite formation (DEF)
• Biological deterioration processes
 Modelling deterioration processes and
propagation stages - 2
• Initiation & propagation models for reinforcement corrosion :
– Corrosion of reinforcement and prestressing components:
• Carbonation induced and chloride induced corrosion
• Possibly other corrosion processes

– The influence of cracking upon deterioration in different service

environments
– Hollow leg conditions (saline water on one face of element and air
on the other)
– Corrosion of steel fibre reinforced concrete
• Other forms of chemical attack
• The implications of cracking upon durability
• Durability assessment / residual service life after interventions
fib MC2020 – Durability Design Special session at
ICDC 2017, 22 Oct 2017, Adelaide, Australia

Adelaide – Australia, 22-25 October 2017

www.concrete2017.com.au
 Draft timeline for the preparation of fib MC2020
and delivery of (background) documents: 2017

2017 Start of delivery of fib Bulletins from the supporting work program
of commissions: TG3.1 Partial factors publication - Bulletin No 80
2017 Participation in fib Commission meetings
March 2017 TG10.1 Meeting Delft: MC2020 draft contents list
Mid 2017 News items / Paper disseminating the vision for fib MC2020 in
Structural Concrete (publication 2017)
June 2017 Special session on MC2020 in fib Symposium in Maastricht
Sept 2017 MC2020 regional workshop in Sao Paulo, Brazil: to stimulate
participation of South American countries
Sep 2017 MC2020 presentation at Existing Structures Symposium,
Kaiserslautern, Germany
Oct 2017 Special session on MC2020 in ICDC 2017, Adelaide, Australia
2017 Delivery of fib Bulletins from the supporting work program of fib
commissions
 Evolution of fib Model Codes for
structural concrete

fib
Model Code
2020

MC2020 will, for the first time, include

comprehensive provisions for existing structures
fib MC2020

The starting point is

fib Model Code 2010

but MC2020 can be

delivered in a different /
updateable format
 Summarising:
MC2020 - The way forward
• Shared vision for fib MC2020 as single general code going beyond the
point reached by other codes (fib MC2010, ISO 16311, CEN ….. etc)

• Aiming for strong international (world) perspective and contributions

• Gathering team of active authors / contributors, etc

• Finalising a list of topics / desired contents for fib Model Code 2020

• Have established a technical secretariat to support progress of work

• Will establish shared vision for tasks – 2 day initial technical workshops

• Seeking to improve ways of working – Target workshops, web meetings

• Developing plan to achieve proposed timescale 2017 - 2020 - 2023?

• Future MC2020 meetings, Dec 2017, April 2018, Aug 2018 …………
 fib Model Code 2020 –
Overview and aspirations:
Existing structures
A single structural code for both new and
existing concrete structures

Dr Stuart Matthews
Chair fib Commission 3: Existing concrete structures
Convenor fib Task Group 10.1: Model Code 2020

StuartLMatthews1952@gmail.com