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Basic Engineering Drawing Part I PDF
Basic Engineering Drawing Part I PDF
Introduction
Drawing is a universal language. It has several advantages over textual information. It is easily
understood - even by illiterates. Drawing can be used as a form of visual communication. There are
two types of drawings: Artistic Drawings and Technical Drawings. Engineering drawings come
under Technical category.
Technical Drawing: It is a language of technicians. And like any other language, is also has its rules
and grammar. These drawings are very precise, accurate and with all the details: and because of these
qualities, these drawings play very important role in the field of construction and manufacturing.
Objective
In this chapter, we are going to learn what is meant by ‘basic engineering drawing’, different forms
of it and its use. We will learn to draw basic shapes. We will also learn to draw shapes by selecting
proper scale. By studying few examples, we will learn to calculate area of regular and irregular
shapes.
Engineering Drawing:
Engineering drawings are usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout,
nomenclature, interpretation, appearance, line styles, size, etc. These drawings are very accurate and
precise and provide exact technical information of the product. The purpose of the drawing is to
accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The
end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a
manufacturer to produce that component. All engineering drawing uses standard symbols while
drawing. One should know the meaning of these symbols to understand and interpret the drawing
correctly. We will learn all about those symbols in ‘Basic Engineering Drawing – Part II’.
Set square
Drafting machine
Rule scale
Protractor
Compass
Basic shapes
1. Triangle
We can use compass and scale to draw a triangle. A triangle has three sides and three
angles. Sum of all the three angles of triangle is always 1800. Three sides and angles of
triangle may or may not be of same size. There can be 2 or 3 equal sides or angles in
triangle.
When all the three sides are of same size and each angle is 600, the triangle is
called Equilateral Triangle.
When a triangle has two equal sides and equal angles, it is called Isosceles
Triangle.
When there are no equal sides and no equal angles in a triangle, it is called
Scalene Triangle.
Depending on the angles in a triangle, there are three different names for it.
Acute Triangle: All angles of this triangle are less than 900.
Right Triangle: It has one right angle (900).
2. Quadrilateral
A shape with four straight sides is called as quadrilateral.
Quadrilateral will have four sides or edges and four corners or angles. Sum of all the four angles
is always 360. There are some types of quadrilateral:
Parallelogram:
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are always of equal in length and are parallel to each
other. Also, opposite angles are equal.
Rectangle:
All the angles in rectangle are right angles (900). Opposite sides are parallel to each other
and of same length.
Rhombus:
Opposite sides are parallel to each other and all the four sides are of same length.
Opposite angles are equal.
Square:
Opposite sides are parallel to each other. All four sides are of same length and all four
angles are right angles.
Trapezoid:
Kite has two pairs of sides which are equal in length. Angles where the pairs meet are
equal too.
3. Pentagon
Pentagon has five straight sides. There are two types of pentagon:
Regular pentagon:
All sides and angles are equal.
Irregular pentagon:
4. Hexagon
Hexagon has six straight sides. There are two types of hexagon:
Regular hexagon:
5. Circle
Circle is a closed figure without any straight lines or any angles.
Height
Height
Base
Base
To calculate area of a triangle, always measure height at right angle to the base.
We can also calculate the area of irregular shape by drawing multiple simple shapes into the
drawing. Add area of all these simple shapes to get area of the irregular shape.
Summary
Here is the summary of what we learned in this chapter:
Engineering drawings are very accurate, precise and they give exact information of the product.
To draw such drawings correctly, one need special instruments. E.g. T-square, parallel ruler, set
square, protractor etc.
Triangle, Quadrilateral, Pentagon, Hexagon, Circle etc. are some of the basic shapes. There are
many types of each of these shapes.
Area of a regular shape can be calculated by using a formula. But to calculate area of an
irregular shape, we have to sub-divide that shape into small, simple shapes and then add the
results together.
Activity
1. Draw the following
i) Equilateral triangle of 10 cm length
ii) Square of 15 cm in length
iii) Rectangle of length = 12 cm , breadth = 10 cm
iv) Circle with radius = 7 cm