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dx dy
2 + = 5e t
dt dt
dy dx
–3 = 5 given that when t = 0, x = 0 and y = 0
dt dt
5
2[sℒ{x} – y(0)] + [sℒ{y} – y(0)] =
s −1
5
[sℒ{y} – y(0)] – 3[sℒ{x} – x(0)] =
s
x(0) = 0 and y(0) = 0, hence
5
2sℒ{x} + sℒ{y} = (1)
s −1
5
and – 3sℒ{x} + sℒ{y} = (2)
s
5 5 5s − 5( s − 1) 5
(1) – (2) gives: 5s ℒ{x} = = − =
( s − 1) s s ( s − 1) s ( s − 1)
5 1
i.e. ℒ{x} = =
5s 2 ( s − 1) s 2 ( s − 1)
1
and x = ℒ −1
s ( s − 1)
2
1 A B C A( s )( s − 1) + B( s − 1) + Cs 2
Let ≡ + + =
s 2 ( s − 1) s s 2 ( s − 1) s 2 ( s − 1)
When s = 0: 1 = –B i.e. B = –1
1 1 1
Hence, x = ℒ −1 − − +
s s ( s − 1)
2
i.e. x = −1 − t + et or x = et − t − 1
5
From equation (1) 2sℒ{x} + sℒ{y} =
s −1
5
i.e. 2sℒ{ et − t − 1 } + sℒ{y} =
s −1
1 1 1 5
i.e. 2s − − + sℒ{y} =
s −1 s 2 s s −1
2s 2 5
i.e. − − 2 + sℒ{y} =
( s − 1) s s −1
5 2s 2
i.e. sℒ{y} = – + +2
( s − 1) ( s − 1) s
5 − 2s 2
and sℒ{y} = + +2
( s − 1) s
5 − 2s 2 2
i.e. ℒ{y} = + +
s ( s − 1) s 2 s
5 − 2s 2 2
and y = ℒ −1 + +
s ( s − 1) s 2 s
5 − 2s A B A( s − 1) + Bs
Let ≡ + =
s ( s − 1) s ( s − 1) s ( s − 1)
When s = 0: 5 = –A i.e. A = –5
When s = 1: 3=B
5 3 2 2
Hence, y = ℒ −1 − + + +
s ( s − 1) s 2 s
3 2 3
i.e. y = ℒ −1 + −
( s − 1) s 2 s
i.e. y = 3et + 2t − 3
dy dx
2 –y+x+ – 5 sin t = 0
dt dt
dy dx
3 +x–y+2 – e t = 0 given that at t = 0, x = 0 and y = 0
dt dt
5
2[sℒ{y} – y(0)] – ℒ{y} + ℒ{x} + [sℒ{x} – x(0)] – =0
s +12
1
3[sℒ{y} – y(0)] + ℒ{x} – ℒ{y} + 2[sℒ{x} – x(0)] – =0
s −1
y(0) = 0 and x(0) = 0, hence
5
(2s – 1)ℒ{y} + (s + 1)ℒ{x} = (1)
s2 + 1
1
and (3s – 1)ℒ{y} +(2s + 1)ℒ{x} = (2)
s −1
5
(3s – 1) × (1) gives: (3s – 1)(2s – 1)ℒ{y} + (3s – 1)(s + 1)ℒ{x} = (3s – 1) (3)
s2 + 1
1
(2s – 1) × (2) gives: (2s – 1)(3s – 1)ℒ{y} + (2s – 1)(2s + 1)ℒ{x} = (2s – 1) (4)
s −1
5 ( 3s − 1) 2s − 1
(3) – (4) gives: ( 3s 2 + 2 s − 1) − ( 4 s 2 − 1) ℒ{x} = − (5)
s +1
2 s −1
5 ( 3s − 1)( s − 1) − ( 2 s − 1)( s 2 + 1)
i.e. ( − s 2 + 2s ) ℒ{x} =
( s − 1)( s 2 + 1)
15s 2 − 20 s + 5 − 2 s 3 − 2 s + s 2 + 1
i.e. ℒ{x} = −
s ( s − 2 )( s − 1)( s 2 + 1)
2 s 3 − 16 s 2 + 22 s − 6
=
s ( s − 2 )( s − 1)( s + 1)
2
2 s 3 − 16 s 2 + 22 s − 6
and x = ℒ −1
s ( s − 2 )( s − 1)( s 2 + 1)
2 s 3 − 16 s 2 + 22 s − 6 A B C Ds + E
Let ≡ + + +
s ( s − 2 )( s − 1)( s + 1) s ( s − 2 ) ( s − 1) ( s 2 + 1)
2
+ ( Ds + E )( s )( s − 2 )( s − 1)
3 1 1 5s + 5
Hence, x = ℒ −1 − − − +
s ( s − 2 ) ( s − 1) ( s 2 + 1)
5
(2s + 1) × (1) gives: (2s + 1)(2s – 1)ℒ{y} + (2s + 1)(s + 1)ℒ{x} = (2s + 1) (6)
s2 + 1
1
(s + 1) × (2) gives: (s + 1)(3s – 1)ℒ{y} + (s + 1)(2s + 1)ℒ{x} = (s + 1) (7)
s −1
− s 3 + 9 s 2 − 6 s − 6
and y = ℒ −1
s ( s − 1)( s − 2 )( s + 1)
2
− s3 + 9s 2 − 6s − 6 A B C Ds + E
Let ≡ + + +
s ( s − 1)( s − 2 )( s 2 + 1) s ( s − 1) ( s − 2 ) ( s 2 + 1)
from which,
− s 3 + 9 s 2 − 6 s − 6= A ( s − 1)( s − 2 )( s 2 + 1) + B ( s )( s − 2 )( s 2 + 1) + C ( s )( s − 1)( s 2 + 1)
( Ds + E )( s )( s − 1)( s − 2 )
When s = 0: –6 = A(–1)(–2)(1) i.e. A = –3
i.e. –1 = 9 – 4 – 1 + 0 + E i.e. E = –5
3 2 1 5
Hence, y = ℒ −1 − + + −
s ( s − 1) ( s − 2 ) ( s + 1)
2
d2 x
+ 2x = y
d t2
d2 y dx dy
+ 2y = x given that at t = 0, x = 4, y = 2, = 0 and =0
d t2 dt dt
i.e. ( s 4 + 4s 2 + 3) ℒ{y} = 2 s 3 + 8s
2 s 3 + 8s 2 s 3 + 8s
and ℒ{y} = =
( s 4 + 4s 2 + 3) ( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 1)
2 s 3 + 8s
and y = ℒ −1
( s + 3)( s + 1)
2 2
2 s 3 + 8s As + B Cs + D ( As + B )( s 2 + 1) + ( Cs + D )( s 2 + 3)
Let ≡ + =
( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 1) ( s 2 + 3) ( s 2 + 1) ( s 2 + 3)( s 2 + 1)
d2 y
and =
−3cos t + 3cos 3 t
d t2