Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the design of the study, particularly the research methods
and techniques to be used, how inquiries and data generation will be made, how the
subjects are chosen, how the sample size is determined, the instrument to be used to
gather data and the statistical tools that will be used for treatment and analysis of data
yielded by the study.
Method of Research
The descriptive research method is used in gathering the data needed in this
study. Descriptive research involves the description, recording, analysis, and
interpretation of the present nature, composition or processes of phenomena (Manuel
and Mendel). This method is used for the study because it will enable the researchers to
seek understanding for naturally occurring phenomena in their naturally occurring state.
Since data for the research already exist, the researchers only need to process these
data and describe the information processed.
Specifically, the researchers utilized the survey method to gather data from the
respondents and to effectively transform this to information that is relevant for the study.
Population, Sample Size and Sampling Technique:
Rodriguez, Rizal is a 1st class municipality in the province of Rizal, Philippines. It
was formerly known as and is still commonly referred to as Montalban. According to the
2015 census, it has a population of 369,222 people. The sample size was evaluated
using Slovin’s formula:
n = Sample Size
N = Population
e = Margin of Error
n = 369,222/ 1 + [(369,222)(0.052)]
n = 369,222/924.055
n = 399.56 or 400
Stratified random sampling technique was used in this study. Stratified random
sampling technique was used in this study because it ensures an equal representation
of each identified strata. The total population is divided into strata. Individuals to be
included in the sample are then selected from these strata. They are grouped according
to barangays such as Balite, Burgos, Geronimo, Macabud, Manggahan, Mascap, Puray,
Rosario, San Isidro, San Jose, San Rafael.
Barangay Population Sample size
Balite 9,983 11
Burgos 44,100 48
Geronimo 5,554 6
Macabud 9,707 11
Manggahan 13,913 15
Mascap 4,699 5
Puray 3,921 4
Rosario 7,244 8
San Isidro 117,277 127
San Jose 124,868 135
San Rafael 27,956 30
Rodriguez 369,222 400
Description of Respondents
The respondents of the study were 400 individual customers of Convenience
Stores from 11 barangays in Rodriguez, Rizal. The respondents were the sources of
data gathering based on their profiles in terms of age, sex, highest educational
attainment, allowance/monthly income, frequency of going, intention, commonly bought
items and amount spent.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire was the main source of information for the assessment of the
respondents on the effects of expansion of convenience stores in barangays in
Rodriguez, Rizal”. The self-prepared questionnaire is divided into two parts. Part 1
presented the profile of the respondents such as age, sex, frequency of going, intention,
commonly bought items and amount spent.
Part 2 consists of questions that were intended to assess effects of expansion of
convenience stores in barangays in Rodriguez, rizal. In order to have grounds for
comparison the respondents were also asked to rank their overall assessment on the
effects of expansion of convenience stores in barangays in Rodriguez, rizal.
Technical manuals and hand-outs, online books and other related materials
were likewise scrutinized prior to the preparation of the research output.
Data-Gathering Procedure
The primary data that will be used in the research are from the Customers of
Convenience Stores and Nearby Residences through survey-questionnaire forms
designed by the researchers.
The researchers also used secondary data from the National Statistics Office of
the Philippines to identify the population of residence that will be use to identify the
sample size for the study. The survey was conducted on the month of August 2018.
In order for the researcher to conduct survey, the researcher first asked the
customer if he/she is currently buying or going to convenience store in their barangay. If
yes, he/she was entitled as respondent of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data collected in this study were organized and classified based on the
research design and problems formulated. The data were coded, tallied and tabulated
to facilitate the presentation and interpretation of the results using the following:
1. Frequency and Percentage
The percentage and frequency distributions were used to classify the
respondents according to personal background variables such as age and sex.
The frequency also presented the actual response of the respondents to a
specific question or item in the questionnaire. However, the percentage of that
item is computed by dividing it with the simple total number of respondents who
participated in the survey. The formula used in the application of this technique
is:
% = (f/n) x 100
Where
% = percentage
f = frequency
n = number of cases or total sample
2. Weighted Mean
Another statistical technique will be used by the researcher will be the
weighted mean. It was used to determine the average responses of the different
options provided in the parts of the questionnaire used. The method will be used
in relation to the Likert Scale. It was solved by the formula:
x=Σfx/n
Where:
x = weighted mean
Σfx = the sum of all the products of f and x, f being the frequency of each
weight and x as the weight of each operation
n = total number of the respondents
3. ANOVA (One -Way Analysis of Variance)
This provides a statistical test whether there is a significant difference
among the means of three or more independent groups.
Formula:
𝑴𝑺𝑻
F=
𝑴𝑺𝑬
Where:
F = ANOVA Coefficient
MST = Mean sum of squares to treatment
MSE = Mean sum of squares due to error
Formula for MST:
𝑺𝑺𝑻
MST =
𝒑−𝟏
SST = Σn(x-x)2
Where:
SST = Sum of squares due to treatment
p = Total number of populations
n = Total number of samples in a population
Formula for MSE:
𝑺𝑺𝑬
MSE =
𝑵−𝒑
SSE = Σ(n-1)S2
Where:
SSE = sum of squares due to error
S = Standard deviation of the samples
N = Total number of observations
4. Likert Scale
Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires, and is the
most widely used scale in survey research. When responding to a Likert questionnaire
item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement. The responses were
expessed in a 5-point-scale as follows:
Scale Verbal Interpretation Weighs
5 Strongly Agree 4.21 – 5.00
4 Moderately Agree 3.41 – 4.20
3 Neutral 2.61 – 3.40
2 Moderately Disagree 1.81 – 2.60
1 Strongly Disagree 1.00 – 1.80
