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Subsea Intervention
• To outline typical role of the underwater vehicle within an
intervention
• Etc…..
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• Key systems overviews
• The intervention vessel
• The well control system
• The underwater vehicle
• The Subsea Intervention
• Subsea vehicle duties within well intervention
• ROV Tooling Overview
• AUV applicability in the intervention marketplace
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Subsea Light Well Intervention
A Definition
The Subsea landscape
Surface Well
Systems
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Light Well
Intervention
Subsea Drilling
Systems
Subsea Template
Systems Subsea Manifold
Guidelineless
Deepwater Trees
Smart Well
Control Systems ROV Tie-In Systems
Subsurface
Growth in Subsea Developments
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Economic Drivers for Intervention
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production equates to
$20.7 Billion per
annum
Norwegian Petroleum
Directorate (NPD)
estimate recovery
factor improvements of
5% attributable to well
intervention
Prize = $5.15 Billion
Per Year
Definition of Light/Medium Well Intervention
“Any operation in a subsea wellbore
that does not need a drilling rig to
gain access to the well, to convey the
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service .. or .. carry out the
operation!”
Source: Deepstar Report 2002
However….
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• Flow characteristics
• Geological data
• Fluids data
Via altering the state of the well and/or well geometry:
• Pro-actively(planned) or Re-actively (unplanned/failure)
• Shut off unwanted water production
• Reservoir Stimulation / Fracturing
• Re-perforating the production intervals or establishing new intervals
• Open/closing valves
• Replacing parts
• Removing scale or wax precipitates
• Setting plugs
• Etc………
What do we use to intervene the
wells…?
Slickline deployment technology
• Monofilament wire used to mechanically convey tools into wellbore.
• High tensile wire spooled on and off a powered drum
Slickline = Pulling
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• Multi-strand cable for mechanical conveyance of tools into wellbore, as
well as provide an electrical / fiber optic communication path to the
operator.
• High tensile cable spooled on and off a powered drum
Wireline = Pulling + Communication
• Safety
• Hazardous working environment
• Personnel Risk
• Movement, Pressure, Weather, Heavy Lifts, etc
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• Dynamic working relationship
• Between work platform (vessel) and wellhead (on seabed)
• Risk of environmental release
• Lack of close contact with intervention systems / tooling
• Loss of senses (direct) / Feedback
• HMI (Human Machine Interface)Gap
• Up to 10,000ft.
• Variable weather conditions
• Etc…………
Typical Intervention Services Utilization
Models
Production Logging: 35%
Stimulation: 17%
SCSSV Change-out: 12%
Subsea Well Intervention (Type) Analysis Tree Controls: 7%
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Permanent Gauges: 6%
Covert to WI: 3%
Re-completion: 3%
Tree Replacement: 3% • 85% of which is
Abandonment: 2%
in well intervention
Gas Lift Valves: 2% • 52% is Wireline /
Perforation: 2% Slickline
Tubing repair: 2% serviceable
Fishing: 1%
Flowline: 1%
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• Cased Hole Logging, Perforating, Slickline
Subsea Intervention
Subsea Intervention System Development Lubricator
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First subsea Cristmas tree change out
Ivanhoe / Rob Roy field – November 1995
First subsea coiled tubing intervention
Gannet field – Shell Expro – December 1997
First recover / re-installation of an ESP Xmas tree
Gannet field – Shell Expro – January 1998
First intervention into a horizontal Xmas tree
Arkwright field – Amoco – October 1998
Slb Compliant Guide
First deep water field abandonment (Horizontal Trees) System (2006…)
Cooper – EEX – August 1999
First diver less well de-commissioning operation in North sea
Tommeliten – Statoil – June 2000
2000 Onwards – Multiple Interventions (Light through heavy weight)
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Subsea Well Intervention
Categorization
Subsea Intervention landscape
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• A vessel shall be present
• Positioned above well throughout intervention
• Within +/- 100m watch circle of wellhead
• +/- 100 Crew required for vessel / Intervention management
• Control of well is handed over to vessel at time of
intervention
• Production facility shall not have control
• A Subsea support vehicle(s) shall always be used
• Duties dependant on SS Intervention system design.
• Support vehicle(s) shall be managed from intervention
vessel.
• Durations shall vary (depending on WD, intervention need, etc)
• Up to 2 weeks
Subsea Well Intervention
Well Intervention Vessel Categories
VESSEL(A) VESSEL(B) VESSEL (C)
Light intervention Medium intervention Heavy Intervention
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Subsea Well Intervention
Well Intervention Vessel Categories
Cat A Cat B Cat C
Light intervention Medium intervention Heavy Intervention
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• Wireline and Slickline • Coiled Tubing, Wireline and Slickline • Heavy Operations
• Benchmark 9 days/ well • Benchmark 9 days/ well job • Benchmark 15 days/ well job
job
$150K – 300K /day $360K – 840K/day
$150K – 200K /day
• Operations • Operations (Cat A +) • Operations (Cat B +)
Logging (PLT’s) Flowline Intervention Scale milling
Light perforating Well commissioning (TCP Completion change-out/ repair
guns+unloading)
Zone isolation Re-drill or sidetrack
Well abandonment (P&A)
Plug setting/removal Xmas tree change-out
Downhole Pump changeout
Squeeze, acidizing or fracturing
Sand or Scale cleanout
Water shut-off (Plug and perf or patch)
Scraping
DH valve retrieval, replacement, shifting
Casing leak repairs
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Subsea Well Intervention
Key Sub-System Overviews
The Subsea landscape
The
The Subsea Vessel
Metering & Vehicle
Control (Work Platform)
Floating Production Storage &
Systems Tension Leg
(Intervention Supp.) Offloading Vessels
Platforms
Surface Well
Systems Light Well The Intervention
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Intervention
System
Subsea Drilling (Temp. Well Ctrl.)
Systems
The Subsea
Standard Subsea Subsea Processing
Trees Tree
(Perm.Prod.Ctrl.)
Subsea Manifold
Smart Well Guidelineless
Control Systems Subsea Template Deepwater Trees
Systems
ROV Tie-In Systems
Scope of Supply – Light/Medium Weight Intervention
Vessel
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Subsea Well Intervention – The Vessel
• Provides a mobile work platform from which the
Subsea Intervention activities take place.
• Provides support capabilities to the operation in
the form of:
• Heavy Lift
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• Derrick and Crane
• Moon Pool
• Subsea Vehicles (ROV)
• Tailored bed capacity (100+)
• Fluids handling
• Fire and Gas Systems
• Vessel:
• Monohull (Purpose built / DP2+)
• Semi-Submersible
• Size:
• Monohull: 100-120m / 15,000tonnes
• Semi: 4,000VDL / 24,000tonnes
Subsea Well Intervention – The Tree
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itself and seabed pipeline facilities
• Designed and manufactured:
• By multiple companies
• Using industry standards.
• Two dominant tree styles
• Horizontal / Vertical (referring to axis that valves are located
w.r.t wellbore)
• Tree styles alters manor in which intervention
takes place, but does not alter vehicle activities.
• Size:
• 4m3 x 40-60tonnes
• Cost:
• $3,000-$6,000k
Subsea Well Intervention –
Intervention Hardware
• Provides the ability to re-enter a Subsea well (on a
temporary basis) with a variety of tools:
• To either effect a physical change of state in well
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• To establish data of well condition
• Establishes additional well control hardware onto well,
beyond that typically resident in Subsea tree.
• Allows the insertion and removal of intervention tooling
into the well, whilst the well remains pressurized.
• Designed and manufactured:
• By multiple companies
• Using industry standards.
• Size:
• (4m x 4m x 15m) x 40 - 60tonnes
• Cost:
• $6,000k to $30,000k
Intervention System Summary
Subsea Lubricator Example
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• Incorporates tool catcher
Lubricator Section
• Pressure containing section for storing wellbore tools
• Length can be varied
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• Valve position verification
• Connector position verification
• Etc…..
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• Wellhead Connector Override (Hyd Jack)
• Sub-assembly retrieval (Spec Tooling/ Piston / T-Tool)
• Choke / Control Module / Cap / MPFM / etc….
• Lift line establishment (manipulator)
• Tree Cap / Wellhead Connector / etc.
• Heavy lift guidance (thrust)
• Function Hot-stabbing (Hydraulically / Electrically)
• Measurement
• Gasket / Seal change-out (manipulator)
• Surface Cleaning (manipulator / Brush / Jet)
• Video Support
• Etc…..
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• Communications / Control
• Robust – Fiber Optic to surface control & operator
• Real-time feedback
• Multi-channel video
• Force feedback tactility of tooling systems
Cons
• Vessel Dependency
• Vessel needs to be located very close to Subsea
operation
• Excursion limited to 10’s of meters from TMS
• Tether
• Limiting to freedom of vehicle within structures
Typical ROV Interfaces / Tools (Common with
Intervention)
ROV Panel
• Project specific interface
• Mounted on side face of SS
Structure allowing vehicle to dock.
• Typically uses API 17D Interfaces
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• Small valve rotation
ROV Interface panel • Hydraulic/electrical hot stabbing
• Video Support
Flying Lead Orientation Tool (FLOT)
• Project specific interface
Flying Lead • For attaching/removing
Orientation Tool
hydraulic/electrical connections
• FLOT operations require lifting of
umbilicals (100’s lbs), as well as
torque/video activity.
ROV Manipulator
ROV Manipulator Arm
• Electro/mechanical arm, with
multiple degrees of freedom.
AUV use in Subsea
Interventions
Pros
• Tether-Less
• No physical connection to support vessel once
launched (Vessel can multi-task)
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• Can be launched without surface support vessel
• Opens weather window of utilization
Cons
• Power
• Limited in power and duration of operation due to
power limitations
• Battery / Fuel Cell
• Limited horsepower reduces ability for AUV to offer
mechanical services Subsea (Push/Pull/Turn/Lift…)
• Surface Vessel Proximity Dependency - Communications
• Analog acoustic within 90deg comms cone from
surface (Digital Spread Spectrum enhances this)
Subsea Well Intervention
RPSEA Presentation
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End