DACTYLOSCOPY (Q&A)

Multiple Choice
1. The study of the characteristics formed by the sides or edges of papillary
ridges as a means of identification.
a. poroscopy b. ridgeology
c. edgeoscopy d. dactyloscopy

2. Who introduced the fingerprint classification which dominates almost all

English speaking countries of the world?
a. Francis Galton c. Edward Richard Henry
b. William Hershel d. Marcello Malpighi

3. _____ is the spreading apart of two lines which have been running parallel or
nearly parallel.
a. bifurcation b. type lines
c. divergence d. spur

4. The innermost ridges that run parallel surround or tend to surround the
pattern area are known as ____.
a. pattern area b. divergence
c. type lines d. ridge hook

5. A single ridge that bifurcates and meets again to form a single ridge is called.
a. bifurcation b. criss-cross
c. island ridge d. enclosure

6. Science which deal with recording fingerprints.

a. Dactyloscopy b. Dactylography
c. ridgeoscopy d. poroscopy

7. The malphigian layer is a skin structure of the papillary system that pertains
to the ___.
a. ridges b. furrows
c. inner skin d. friction skin

8. A ridge that splits or forks into ridges is called ___.

a. bifurcation b. type lines
c. divergence d. spur

9. It refers to a science which deals with identification of footprints-

a. Dactyloscopy b. Podoscopy
c. Chiroscopy d. Poroscopy

10. This principles means fingerprint is reliable__

a. Principle of Permanency
b. Principle of Infallibility
c. Principle of Individuality
d. all of the above

11. This is the part of fingerprint, which lies within the area surrounded by the
type lines.
a. pattern area b. divergence
c. type lines d. outer terminus
12. Who is considered as the father of fingerprint classification?
a. Francis Galton c. Edward Richard Henry
b. William Hershel d. Marcello Malpighi

13. The practical application of fingerprints, the making of identifications by

fingerprint comparison and the classification of fingerprint.
a. Dactyloscopy b. Dactylography
c. Ridgeoscopy d. Poroscopy

14. The study of pores and ridge characteristics for the purpose of the position.
a. Dactyloscopy b. Dactylography
c. ridgeoscopy d. poroscopy

15. There are ____ types of fingerprint patterns under the Henry System.
a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 10

16. In fingerprint work ___ is the term applied to a specialized study of the
sweat gland opening on the papillary ridges of the skin as a means of
identification.
a. Dactyloscopy b. Chiroscopy
c. Ridgeoscopy d. Poroscopy

17. In tented Arches, the ridges_

a. flow from the center to the other side of the impression
b. flow from one side to the other side.
c. form like the type lines
d. form like a loop

18. When ridge bifurcates, tracing precedes___.

a. to the upper line of bifurcation
b. to the lower line of bifurcation
c. to the next line
d. none of the above

19. To determine whether a loop is ulnar or radial, it is important that we

should know in what ___ the fingerprint came from.
a. Finger b. hand c. place d. part

20. To classify fingerprints, deltas are very essential. In whorl type fingerprint
patterns exact ___ may not be determined without these focal points.
a. ridge counting c. ridge tracing
b. delta d. core

21. Three blocks or a space before finger number 6 in the fingerprint card is
the ___ finger.
a. right index c. right middle b. right ring
d. right little

22. The ____ is the most common of the whorl subdivisions.

a. Plain whorl c. Double loop whorl
b. Central Pocket loop d. Accidental whorl

23. The number of ridges intervening between the delta and the core is known
as ___.
a. Ridge characteristics c. Ridge tracing
b. Ridge counting d. Ridge formation
24. Loops having slanting ridges that slope toward the thumb finger are called.
a. Radial loop b. ulnar loop
c. double loop d. tented arch

25. A ___ must intervene between a delta and the first ridge count.
a. black line b. white line
c. ridge d. characteristics

26. Where there are several bifurcations of a single ridge, the outer terminus is
taken as the one-
a. farthest from the core
b. nearest to the core
c. nearest the divergence
d. run into one of the type lines

27. Usually the number of deltas in whorls is ___.

a. one b. two
c. three d. more than three

28. The following are the elements of Double loop except one__
a. two or more deltas
b. two independent shoulder
c. two looping ridges
d. two outer terminus

29. An accidental pattern can be combination of the following except one-

a. loop and whorl
b. whorl and tented arch
c. whorl and plain arch
d. central pocket loop and loop pattern

30. A pattern similar to a loop but lacking at least one of the essential elements
of a loop-
a. Plain loop
b. tented arch
c. resembling
d. Angular

31. Percentage of appearance of whorls is__

a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 35%

32. The core is the most important consideration in-

a. ridge tracing
b. ridge counting
c. identification
d. classification

33. Percentage of appearance of arches is__

a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 35%
34. Plain arches unlike other types of fingerprint patterns have _____.
a. core but no delta
b. delta but no core
c. neither core nor delta
d. both core and delta

35. Delta is known as _____.

a. inner terminus
b. outer terminus
c. fixed point
d. relative point

36. Between birth and death, there are ____ changes in the number of ridge
characteristics of the fingerprint.
a. no
b. some
c. very few
d. many

37. Principle of permanency in fingerprint science means that fingerprint is ___.

a. fingerprint is unchanging
b. fingerprint is fixed
c. fingerprint id flexible
d. fingerprint is inherited

38. The identity of two impressions is established primarily through ___.

a. type of fingerprint patterns
b. ridge counting
c. ridge characteristics
d. ridge tracing

39. Percentage of appearance of loops is__

a. 5%
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 35%

40. In case of minor injury affecting only the first layer of the friction skin, the
injury will not permanently deface the ridge formations provided the ___ is not
affected.
a. dermis
b. epidermis
c. outer terminus
d. inner terminus

41. In the fingerprint parlance, it means the entering on a fingerprint record

card all essential data about a subject, except the fingerprint themselves.
a. blocking c. indexing
b. filling out d. assigning

42. It is symbolized by capital letter “I” in the classification. It is one in which

the ridges whose course being traced from the left delta to the right delta
passes inside the right delta with three or more ridges intervening between the
traced ridge and the right delta.
a. index c. internal terminus
b. inner d. insufficient
43. In making up the primary classification, these are patterns which are not
given numerical values.
a. plain whorls
b. plain arches
c. central pocket loops
d. double loops

44. If the same digits of both hands is missing the impression are held to be__
a. Plain whorl
b. Double loops
c. Central pocket loop
d. Accidental
45. Loop in the ring finger is marked “O” when ___ or more ridges intervene
between the core and the delta.
a. 11
b. 12
c. 13
d. 14

46. What is the size of the device use to distribute the ink on the glass slab?
a. 6”long 2” in diameter
b. 6”long in diameter
c. 7”long in diameter
d. 8’long in diameter

47. In writing out the formula for prints, the left hand act as __
a. numerator
b. denominator
c. odd number
d. even number

48. The right thumb and right ____ make a pair in classification.
a. ring
b. index
c. little
d. middle

49. In writing out the formula for prints, the right hand act as __
a. numerator
b. denominator
c. odd number
d. even number

50. The symbol “A” is used for what type of patterns?

a. plain arch
b. angle
c. tented arch
d. arches

51. In classification formula, it is the ridge count of a loop and ridge tracing of
whorls of both thumbs only.
a. key division
b. major division
c. final division
d. sub-secondary
52. It is the initial sorting of sets of fingerprints. It is the first and main
classification. It is the key to all fingerprint classification and filing.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. sub-secondary
d. final division

53. In classification formula, it is the ridge counting of loop and ridge tracing of
whorl in index, middle and ring finger.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. sub-secondary
d. final division

54. If the subject has more than ten fingers, the extra finger is printed on the
___ of the fingerprint card with notation to be effect that it is an extra finger.
a. card
b. fingerprint card
c. other side
d. opposite side

55. In major division, the left thumb with a ridge count of one to eleven
inclusive is given the symbol of-
a. “S” for Small
b. “M “for Medium
c. ”L” for Large
d. “I” for Inner

56. When one digit is missing, classification is made according to the-

a. opposite hand
b. assigned fingers
c. corresponding digits of the opposite hand
d. next finger

57. In classification formula, it is the ridge count of loop in the left and right
little finger of the hands, in the absence of loop; the ridge count of whorl is
utilized treating it as ulnar loop.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. sub-secondary
d. final division

58. It refers to an ending ridge of any length rising at a sufficient degree from
the horizontal plane.
a. Angular
b. Resembling
c. Upthrust
d. All of the them

59. The placing on a fingerprint card, the result of the interpretation of all ten
patterns, by letters, symbols or numbers required for each of the rolled prints.
a. blocking
b. filing
c. indexing
d. assigning
60. It refers to the formula derived for a complete of ten fingerprint patterns, or
the arrangement of fingerprint records into groups or sub-group for filing
purposes.
a. blocking
b. classification
c. indexing
d. assigning

61. In deriving a primary classification, these are patterns which are assigned
number values depending on which the fingers they appear.
a. non-numerical patterns
b. pairing
c. numerical patterns
d. knowing the numerator & denominator

62. This is the result of the ridge counting of the first whorl from the whole sets
of prints treating as ulnar loop for counting purposes only.
a. key
b. major
c. final
d. sub-secondary

63. It is the result of the summation of all numerical values of whorls plus a
fraction of one over one.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. sub-secondary
d. final division

64. Who devised the system of recording fingerprints?

a. Purkenji
b. Herschel
c. Galton
d. Henry

65. It is a combination of two or more different types of fingerprint patterns

such as a loop and whorl, a loop and a central pocket loop, or any combination
of two different loop and whorl type patterns, but cannot be a combination of a
plain arch or any pattern-
a. Accidental whorl
b. Plain Whorl
c. Double Loop
d. Central Pocket Loop

66. The writing up of all the possible classification for a set of prints which
contains one or more doubtful patterns is referred to as-
a Approximating pattern
b. Pairing
c. Classification of approximating patterns
d. Blocking

67. It refers to a person who has special and competent knowledge of a subject,
and who obtained this knowledge either through study of through experience.
a. Specialist c. Technician
b. An expert d. Investigator
68. Loop in the index finger is marked “O” when ___ or more ridges intervene
between the core and the delta.
a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
d. 13

69. It is a reproduction on some smooth surfaces of the pattern or design

formed by the ridges on the inside of the end joint of a finger or thumb-
a. Patterns
b. Ridges
c. Friction ridge
d. Fingerprint

70. The standard size of fingerprint card used in recording fingerprints.

a. 8 x 7 inches
b. 8 x 8 inches
c. 7 x 8 inches
d. none of the above

71. In fingerprint parlance the location or finding of a previously filed duplicate

record card of the subject is called-
a. Indent
b. blocking
c. pairing
d. classifying

72. It is a fingerprint pattern which possesses two deltas, one core, with one or
more ridges forming a complete circuit which maybe oval, spiral, circular, or a
variant of a circle. (In the absence of a ridge forming a complete circuit, an
obstruction at right angle to the line of flow will suffice).
a. Accidental whorl
b. Plain Whorl
c. Double Loop
d. Central Pocket Loop

73. The formula for amputate fingers of both hands is ____.

a. “S”
b. “M”
c.” L”
d. “I”

74. This is the result of ridge counting of the first loop in the whole sets of
prints except both little fingers.
a. major division
b. final division
c. key division
d. secondary classification

75. This is used for excessive perspiring fingers during fingerprinting.

a. oil
b. alcohol
c. ink
d. cotton
76. It refers to the operation of locating the proper place in a fingerprint file
where a certain set of prints belongs and depositing it there.
a. Filling out c. Blocking out
b. Filing d. Pairing

77. The fingerprint powder use for white surface.

a. white powder
b. black powder
c. yellow powder
d. any color of powder

78. It symbolized by capital letter “M” in the classification, one in which the
ridge whose course being traced from the left delta to the right delta passes
inside the right delta with three or more ridges intervening between the traced
ridge and the right delta.
a. Inner whorl
b. Meeting whorl
c. Middle finger
d. Plain whorl

79. It is the appearance of extra fingers as anatomically known as-

a. Dactylism
b. Polydactylism
c. Extra
d. abnormalies
80. It is considered as hidden or concealed fingerprints found at the scene of a
crime-
a. Prints c. visible
b. Pattern d. Latent prints

81. This is the highest primary combination.

a. 1/1
b. 1/32
c. 32/32
d. 32/1

82. The total number of capital letter combination in secondary classification.

a. 1,024 c. 1059
b. 64 d. 8

83. It is a single ending ridge in the center of a recurving ridge of a loop pattern
a. Staple
b. Fragmentary
c. Rod or bar
d. all of the above

84. It symbolized by the capital letter “O” in the classification and one in which
the ridge whose course being traced from the left delta toward the right delta
exactly meets the right delta or passes inside or outside (over or under) the
right delta with not more than two ridges intervening between the traced ridge
and the right delta.
a. Inner whorl
b. Opposite whorl
c. Outer Whorl
d. All of the above
85. 32 over 32 would indicate that all ______ patterns in primary classification .
a. loops
b. arches
c. whorls
d. combination of loops and whorls

86. The following are the essential requisites of a loop, except one-
a. delta and a core
b. at least ridge count of one
c. sufficient recurve
d. divergence

87. This pattern in which the ridges enter on one side of the pattern, then flow
towards the other side, with a rise in the center, with no angular formation and
no up thrust is known as-
a. Plain arch
b. Tented Arch
c. Resembling
d. none of them

88. Pattern in which there are two deltas and in which at least one ridge makes
a turn through one complete circuit is-
a. Plain whorl
b. Central pocket loop
c. Double loop
d. Accidental pattern
89. One made by pressing an inked finger directly down upon a fingerprint
card without any rolling motion.
a. Rolled impression
b. Plain impression
c. Block impression
d. all impressions

90. It is a small pointed instrument used for counting ridges.

a. Ridge Counting
b. Ridge counter
c. Ridge Tracing
d. Enumeration of ridge

91. It refers to the placing of the fingerprints in their proper spaces on the card.
a. Recording c. Reporting
b. Developing d. Classifying

92. This is recording fingerprints simultaneously at the bottom of the

fingerprint card.
a. rolled impression
b. plain impression
c. latent impression
d. visible prints

93. Little details in the ridges of fingerprint patterns which are used in
comparing and identifying fingerprints are-
a. Ridge characteristics
b. Ridge Counting
c. Ridge counter
d. Ridge Tracing
94. This is the process of tracing the ridge that originates from the left delta
toward the right delta to see where it flows in relation to the right delta.
a. Ridge Counting
b. Ridge counter
c. Ridge Tracing
d. Enumeration of ridge

95. The following are requisites of plain whorl, except one-

a. 2 deltas
b. any variance of circle at the center
c. 1 ridge form a complete circuit
d. 2 independent shoulder

96. It is the process of enumerating the number of ridges that touches or cross
an imaginary line drawn between the core and delta of a loop
a. Ridge Counting
b. Ridge counter
c. Ridge Tracing
d. Enumeration of ridge

97. This type of latent prints which can be seen by our naked eye.
a. invisible latent prints
b. semi-visible latent prints
c. visible latent prints
d. plastic latent prints

98. Point on a ridge formation usually located at the center or the heart of a
fingerprint pattern is known as-
a. delta
b. outer terminus
c. core
d. ridge in front of the divergence

99. A short ridge at the top or summit of a recurve usually at right angle is
called-
a. Terminus
b. Appendage
c. Ending ridge
d. Enclosure

100. There are _____ types of tented arch.

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Read and analyze the following statements carefully.

1. The ridges and the furrows always appear as black and white lines in an
inked fingerprint impressions .
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

2. Stratum corneum is the covering of the outermost layer of friction skin.

a. True c. Partially true
b. False d. Partially False
3. The sweat pores are located on the furrows.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

4. The fingers always produce scars once wounded.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

5. The friction skin is considered as hairless skin of human body with minute
ridges, furrows and pigment.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

6. The sweat pores of the skin are located on the epidermis.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

7. Fingers number 5 and 10 are both little fingers.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

8. The identity, numbers and location of characteristics give uniqueness to

fingerprints.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

9. There is possibility that fingerprints can be forged.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

10. Injuries on the friction skin automatically destroy the ridges.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

11. A central pocket loop retains its sufficiency once the imaginary line drawn
between the two deltas touched a ridge within the inner pattern area.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False
12. A combination of loop and loop and a plain arch is considered accidental
whorl.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

13. All whorl patterns have two or more deltas.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

14. To retain the sufficiency of plain whorl, an imaginary line drawn between
the two deltas should touch a circuiting ridge within the pattern area.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

15. Double loop is under loop group pattern.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

16. The sufficiency of recurve of a loop pattern is obtained if the ridge reached
the delta side.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

17. The plain arch is not considered in the combination of patterns for
accidental whorl.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

18. There is an instant wherein a tented arch could have a core.

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

19. A plain arch can have an angle at the center,

a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

20. A combination of tented arch, plain arch and loop patterns constitute an
accidental whorl.
a. True c. Partially true
b. False d. Partially False
21. All fingerprint patterns have delta and core as the inner and outer focal
points respectively.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

22. Close delta is always located in a bifurcating ridge that blocks or obstructs
the space or opening where the type lines separate.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

23. In choosing staple core, it is necessary that the point located on the
shoulder of the innermost recurving ridge be nearer to the delta.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 24. Furrows are the canals found between the ridges, which always
appear as white lines in a fingerprint impression.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 25. Papillary ridges are the tiny elevation or hill-like structures
found on the epidermis of the skin containing sweat pores and always appear
as black lines with tiny white dots in an inked fingerprint impression.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 26. A dot ridge located at the center or approximate center of the
divergence areas is considered a close delta.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 27. A dot ridge rising as high or above the shoulder line and at the
center or approximate center of the innermost recurving ridge is considered as
fragmentary core.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 28. Ridge characteristics located at the pattern area are needed for
fingerprint identification.
a. True c. Partially true
b. False d. Partially False
__________ 29. Type lines enclosed the pattern area.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False

__________ 30. Open delta has the only one ridge formation.
a. True
b. False
c. Partially true
d. Partially False