Sample Gen Hosp

Proposed General Hospital in Marilao, Bulacan: A biophilic
village design that contributes to healing
A Thesis Presented to the

School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment
Mapua Institute of Technology
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 11/ AR200/ AR200S

For the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
Presented by
Reyes, Christina Marie M.

2008122106
Architect Noel E. Nicholas

Adviser
September 2015
Proposed General Hospital in Marilao, Bulacan: A biophilic village design that contributes to healing
REYES, CHRISTINA MARIE M.
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Abstract
Hospital is an institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for
sick or injured people. In the country, some places doesn’t have enough medical facility to cater
ordinary citizens because of its growing population and not easily accessible in their area. Some
hospitals needs proper ventilation and circulation for the users.
Based on the health profile of Marilao Bulacan, it shows that the town lacks public
hospital to cater their citizen that can’t afford to go to private hospitals. Health facility like hospitals
should be proportional to the growing population of the town to support the medical and surgical
treatment needed of the people. The town should be able to provide enough medical needs of its
residents.
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Acknowledgments
The success of finishing this project would not be possible without God’s grace and
compassion. I want to thank God for hearing all my prayers and giving me strength and good health
while doing this project. His virtues encouraged me to do my best and not to quit.
I would like to thank my adviser Arch. Noel Nicholas, who is always considerate and
believing in us that we can do it. I am really grateful to him for the support and continues
opportunity that he gave me.
To my panelists Arch. Bangayan, Arch. Bizares and Arch. Lim, I would like to thank
them for criticizing my work and help me to improve it. My deepest appreciation and thanks for
their kindness and understanding.
I would not forget to give my thanks to my friend, April Odsigue, for helping me
gathering datas and information needed in my site. An earnest thank you for assisting me to
accomplish all the requirements needed in my thesis. Also to my friend Patti Gerundio and Ace
Cece for their emotional support and keep on believing that I can make it.
I heartily give my thanks to my parents for giving me all the necessary support that I
need to accomplish all the requirements, for their prayers and for their patience.
All the sleepless nights, tears and worries were now worth it. Thank you for the support
and guidance of these people.
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About the Author
Christina Marie M. Reyes is a fourth year graduating architecture student in Mapua
Institute of Technology. She was a graduate of Colegio de Santa Philomena in Pulilan, Bulacan.
Before he took up architecture, she thought of becoming a doctor and took up entrance
exam in a medical school but unfortunately during the exam, she had a fever and failed. Then she
decided to take architecture since it is one of the recommended courses for her in NSAT
Examination. She was not planning on taking up architecture because it is one of the hardest
courses, but being part of the field, her views regarding it changed and she enjoyed designing and
planning structure.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet .............................................................................................. ii
Abstract ........................................................................................................ iii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................ iv
About the Author ........................................................................................... v
List of tables .................................................................................................. 1
List of figures ................................................................................................. 4
1 THE PROBLEM......................................................................................... 5
1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................. 5
1.3 Goals, Objectives and Strategies .................................................................... 6
1.4 Significance of the Research .......................................................................... 7
1.5 Scope and Limitations ................................................................................... 8
1.6 Research Framework/ Conceptual Framework.................................................. 9
1.7 Definition of Terms ...................................................................................... 11
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES................................ 12
2.1 Healing Environment ..................................................................................... 12
2.2 Physical Environment .................................................................................... 12
2.3 Natural Environment ..................................................................................... 15
2.4 Guidelines in Planning and Designing of a Hospital .......................................... 17
2.5 Case Studies................................................................................................. 21
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3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 29
3.1 Descriptive Method ....................................................................................... 29
3.2 Method of collecting data.............................................................................. 29
4 FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA .......................... 31
4.1 Questionnaire Survey ................................................................................... 31
4.2 Case Studies ................................................................................................ 35
5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................. 41
5.1 Conclusion................................................................................................... 41
5.2 Recommendation ......................................................................................... 41
6 RESEARCH FOCUS ................................................................................ 42
6.1 Rationale..................................................................................................... 42
6.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project .......................................................... 42
7 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ................................................ 43
7.1 Site Profile................................................................................................... 43
7.1.1 Criteria for Site Selection ...................................................................... 43
7.1.2 Description of Site ............................................................................... 44
7.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis .......................................................................... 52
7.3 Site Development......................................................................................... 59
8 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION ............................................. 61
8.1 Design Program ........................................................................................... 61
8.1.1 Problem Diagnosis ............................................................................... 61
8.1.2 Space Programming ............................................................................. 61
8.1.3 User Analysis....................................................................................... 62
8.1.4 Building Program Analysis .................................................................... 67
8.1.5 Bed Capacity Computation.................................................................... 74
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8.2 Design Concept ...................................................................................... 75
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................... 77
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Research Framework ...................................................................... 9
Figure 2. Conceptual Framework ................................................................. 10
Figure 3. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital ............................................................... 21
Figure 4. KTPH services ............................................................................... 22
Figure 5. 5-10 beds ward in KTPH ............................................................... 22
Figure 6. Yishun Pond .................................................................................. 23
Figure 7. Planter Boxes in the window and balconies ................................. 23
Figure 8. Garden near ICU ........................................................................... 23
Figure 9. Roof Plan ...................................................................................... 24
Figure 10. Planters in roof garden ............................................................... 24
Figure 11. Vegetable plots ........................................................................... 24
Figure 12. Legacy Salmo Creek Hospital facade .......................................... 25
Figure 13. Site Development Plan of LSCH .................................................. 26
Figure 14. In-Patient Room ......................................................................... 27
Figure 15. Night view of the hospital ........................................................... 27
Figure 16. Exterior view of the hospital ....................................................... 28
Figure 17. Problem Encountered in hospital ................................................ 31
Figure 18. Comfortability inside the premises ............................................. 32
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Figure 19. Experience being transferred in other hospital........................... 33
Figure 20. Suggested activity by the respondents ...................................... 34
Figure 21. Nazarenus College Foundation Hospital ..................................... 35
Figure 22. Hallway inside the hospital ......................................................... 36
Figure 23. Kairos Maternity & General Hospital ........................................... 37
Figure 24. Nodado General Hospital ............................................................ 37
Figure 25. North Caloocan Doctor Hospital.................................................. 38
Figure 26. Dr. Jose Rodriguez Memorial Hospital ........................................ 39
Figure 27. Rogaciano M. Mercado Memorial Hospital .................................. 40
Figure 28. Vicinity Map ................................................................................ 43
Figure 29. Existing Land Use Map of Marilao ............................................... 45
Figure 30. Groundwater Map in Marilao ...................................................... 46
Figure 31. Total Population of Marilao ......................................................... 47
Figure 32. Population Map of Marilao .......................................................... 49
Figure 33. Health Facilit in Bulacan ............................................................. 50
Figure 34. 2011-2020 Population Projection Based in APGR ....................... 51
Figure 35. Macro Site Analysis ..................................................................... 52
Figure 36. Barangay Hall in Loma de Gato ................................................... 53
Figure 37. Our Lady of Mercy Quasi Parish .................................................. 53
Figure 38. Marilao Grand Villas .................................................................... 53
Figure 39. Mini Market in Loma de Gato ...................................................... 54
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Figure 40. Puregold in Loma de Gato ........................................................... 54
Figure 41. Micro Site Analysis ...................................................................... 55
Figure 42. Hardware .................................................................................... 55
Figure 43. Cuevas Bakery ............................................................................ 55
Figure 44. Sun and Wind Analysis................................................................ 56
Figure 45. Sensory Analysis ......................................................................... 56
Figure 46. Sun Path Diagram ....................................................................... 57
Figure 47. Existing Hospitals within Marilao ang the 5-km radius............... 57
Figure 48. Lan Use Map of Marilao ............................................................... 58
Figure 49. Proposed Site .............................................................................. 59
Figure 50. Space Diagram of different zone in the hospital ......................... 61
Figure 51. Bed Computation ........................................................................ 74
Figure 52. Design Concept ........................................................................... 75
Figure 53. Utility Concept ............................................................................ 76
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Land Area by Soil type in Municipality of Marilao........................... 45
Table 2. Total Population of Barangay in Marilao 2010 ............................... 48
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1 THE PROBLEM
1.1 Background
Hospitals serve as the locus of health care delivery in the Philippines. With 1,800
hospitals and over 87,000 beds, most households go directly to hospitals for treatment of illnesses.
It is an integral part of social and medical organization that function to provide a complete health
care to the people.
In the country, some places do not have enough medical facility to cater ordinary
citizens because of the growing population and the in accessibility of these area. Some hospitals
need proper ventilation and circulation for the users.
Based on the health profile of Marilao Bulacan, the town lacks public hospital to cater
their citizen that can’t afford to go to private hospitals. Health facility like hospitals should be
proportional to the growing population of the town to support the medical and surgical treatment
needed of the people. The town should be able to provide enough medical needs of its residents.
According to the Provincial Government of Bulacan (PGB), the seven public hospitals
in the province have consistently recorded more than one hundred percent occupancy rate over for
the past six years (2002-2007).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The primary purpose of this project is to improve the circulation and design of public
hospitals. Also to make the ambience more comfortable for the users. The following are the main
problems that will contribute to the planning and designing of the hospital.
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Specifically, this researcher seeks to answer the following questions:
a. What design is suitable to make the structure sustainable and help to make the
patients recover faster?
b. How space planning and design incorporate the interest of the users?
c. Through architectural solution, how to make a comfortable environment to the users?
d. What planning strategies can help the facility promote a healing environment?
1.3 Goals/Objectives and Strategies
1.3.1. Goals and Objectives
a. To promote a healing design of hospital that can be helpful to make the patients
recover faster.
b. To promote architectural solutions to improve the existing condition of hospitals
nowadays.
c. To enhance the capability of the hospital to adapt and handle the users.
d. To propose a design that will ensure the safety and health of its environment.
e. To provide a healing environment for the users especially patients to make them
appreciate nature while they are inside the hospital.
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1.3.2. Strategies
The following strategies are needed for this research to come up with a solution to the
problems:
a. By searching for articles, books, journals and other resources
b. By observing the patients and users of the hospital
c. By case studies, investigating existing plans and recommendations for a healing
environment in a hospital
d. By examining the circulation and design of existing public hospital
e. By studying the regulations, laws, and restrictions for public hospitals
1.4 Significance of the Research
The significance of the study is to help the municipality of Marilao, Bulacan in
developing a public medical facility that will cater to the ordinary people who can’t afford to go to
private hospitals.
The proponent wants to implement a more effective and healing design that can make
the patients recover faster. This study will help make a secure and comfortable environment for
the users.
In addition to that, Architecture students will benefit on this research if their study was
about hospital. This can also be another source of information in gathering data. Furthermore,
the community and the society will gain profit for the hospital’s future planning.
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1.5 Scope and Limitations
The scope and limitations of the study will focus on the design on how to develop the poor
condition of public hospitals. The proponent will gather information for designing a sustainable and
healing ambience for the users especially the patients.
The proponent is expected to consider the design parameters that the Department of
Health (DOH) provided for public hospitals. The design will only focus on architectural scope. Thus
it will not cover any structural design and other that are beyond the proponent’s control.
The study will carry out within this whole term school year 2015-2016 of Mapua Institute
of Technology.
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1.6 Research Framework/ Conceptual Framework
1.6.1. Research Framework
Figure 1. Research Framework
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1.6.2. Conceptual Framework
Problem Analysis
Identification of the
Problem
Survey and
Analysis of
Gather Information
Case Studies Related
Literature
and Studies
Analysis and Findings

Comparison
of Data Gathered
Summary of Findings
Design Guidelines and

Recommendations
Figure 2. Conceptual Framework
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1.7 Definition of Terms
Patients – The main concern and users of the research. Based on observing and gathering data
about them, designing a healing environment can help them recover faster by the help of nature.
Department of Health (DOH) - is the principal health agency in the Philippines. It is
the executive department of the Philippine Government responsible for ensuring access to
basic public health services to all Filipinos through the provision of quality health care and the
regulation of providers of health goods and services.
Provincial Government of Bulacan (PGB) – a Philippine Government responsible for ensuring
the basic needs and services in the province of Bulacan.
Healing – the process of making or becoming healthy again.
Public Hospital – owned by the government and receives government funds. Provides medical
care free of charge.
Nature – the phenomena of the physical world collectively, including plants, animals, landscapes
and other features and products of the earth.
Healing Environment – An environment that can reduce stress and help to reduce medical error
and hospital acquired infections.
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2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter shows the facts from different sources like articles, books, educators and
other professionals regarding planning and designing of hospitals that have healing environments.
2.1 Healing Environment
In the history of medication, nature has a big impact in the patient’s healing. During
the nineteenth (19th) century, hospital designs focuses mainly on patient’s recovery. The design
includes of having more openings on a courtyards, natural ventilation and daylight on the nursing
rooms and more landscaping to enhancement the medication needed for the patients.
Having nature in the design of the hospital gives peaceful ambiance and relaxing feeling
to the users especially the patients of the facility (Guenther & Vittori 2008).
In 1990s, the design solutions in healthcare facility were defined as Evidence-based
Design (EBD). This becomes the theoretical concept for healing environments. This can be
considered as smart investments because it increases staff efficiency, it saves money and it reduces
the stay of the patients because it is less stressful. Based on some researchers, a healing
environment can be a place where the interaction between patients and staff produces positive
health outcomes because of the physical environment (Morales, Van Hoof & Kort 2012).
2.2 Physical Environment
By Roger Ulrich, Ph.D and Craig Zimring, Ph.D.
According to the Institute of Medicine in its landmark Quality Chasm report: “The
frustration levels of both patients and clinicians have probably never been higher. Yet the problems
remain. Health care today harms too frequently and routinely fails to deliver its potential benefits”
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Ulrich and Zimring documented the impact of a range of design characteristics, such
as single-room versus multi-bed rooms. Reduced noise, improved lightning, better ventilation,
supportive workplaces and improved layout can help reduce errors, reduce stress, improve sleep,
reduce pain and drugs, and improve other outcomes. Improving the physical setting of the hospital
can be an important tool in making the facility safer, more healing and a better place to work at.
On their research they found out the outcome of physical environment to patient and
staffs in four areas:
1. Reduce staff stress and fatigue and increase effectiveness in delivering care
2. Improve patient safety
3. Reduce stress and improve outcomes
4. Improve overall healthcare quality
I. Reduce staff stress and fatigue and increase effectiveness in delivering care
The importance of adequate ventilation with good maintenance for ensuring both staff
and patients safety and mode.
Reducing staff stress by ergonomic interventions, and consideration of other issues like
air quality, noise, and light can have a significant impact on the users.
II. Improve patient safety
It is one of the important ways in evidence-based design is to improve safety by
reducing risk infections acquired in the hospital. On their studies it suggest that a clear pattern
wherein infections are lower when there is a good quality of air passing in the room and patients
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are in single-bed rather than in multi-bed rooms. Providing numerous accessible alcohol based
hand-rub dispensers or hand washing sink is necessary to reduce contact contamination.
III. Reduce stress and improve outcomes
Noise is one of the factors that can stress the users. This research, noise can come
from paging systems, alarms, staff voices, machines, trolleys, telephones, and noises generated
by roommates or from environmental surfaces, such as floors, walls, and ceiling. Sound-
reflecting surfaces that cause noise travel through the corridors and rooms. Because of the
high noise levels in hospital, it causes a major outcome of poorer or lack of sleep of the patients.
Interventions is the solution found that can reduce the stress of the staffs and improve
sleep of the patients. This is the most effective way of reducing noise in the hospital. This
includes: sound absorbing ceiling tiles, sound-absorbing flooring and eliminating other noise
sources such as alarms, phones, etc.
IV. Improve overall healthcare quality
Providing single-bed rooms has major advantages like lower infection rates, less noise,
patients have better privacy, better communication between staffs and patients and higher
accommodation of family and satisfaction with overall quality care.
According to their research, climate and sunlight have a big impact on the length of
stay of patients in the hospital. Bipolar patients who were assigned to eastern rooms which
were exposed to sunlight in the morning, had an average stay of 3.67 hospital days than
patients facing the western rooms. The patients from surgery stay shorter if they had a bedside
window view of nature.
Design changes the environment of the hospital, it can make the facility more
comfortable, aesthetically pleasing, and can relieve stress and increase satisfaction of the users.
By making small changes in color scheme, floor, ceiling, and general layout the facility, it
resulted in more positive environment and mood of patients (Leather, Beale, Santos, Watts &
Lee, 2003).
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2.3 Natural Environment
Biophilic Design
Stephen Kellert defines biophilic design as, “Building and landscape design that
enhances human physical and mental well-being by fostering positive connections between people
and nature.”
Biophilic design is a methodology with a big impact and certified benefits for human’s
health, performance and mood. Including nature in designing a hospital can reduce stress of the
users, improved sense of well-being and enhanced emotional and social state of the patients and
staffs.
In a healthcare facility, many studies conducted and resulted that having exposure to
nature can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, provide pain relief, improve illness recovery,
accelerate healing, enhance staff morale and performance, and lead to fewer conflicts between
patients and staffs.
Stephen R. Kellert, PhD, and Judith H. Heerwagen, PhD citied that there are basic
principles that represent fundamental conditions to make biophilic design effective. These are;
1. Requires repeated and sustained engagement with nature.
2. Focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time have
advanced people’s health, fitness and wellbeing.
3. Promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage and
expanded sense of relationship and responsibility for the human and natural
communities.
4. Encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and place.
5. Encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and integrated architectural solutions.
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They then added that practicing biophilic design involves application and design
strategies that refers to experience and attributes. There are three (3) kinds of experience of nature
that represents basic biophilic design framework. These includes a) direct experience of nature, b)
indirect experience of nature, and c) experience of space and place.
a. Direct experience of nature refers to actual contact with the environmental features;
 Natural light
 Air
 Plants
 Animals
 Water
 Landscapes
b. Indirect experience of nature refers to contact with the image of nature, and
transformation of nature from its original patterns. These includes:
 Images of nature
 Natural materials
 Natural colors
 Evoking nature
 Age and change
 Biomimicry
c. Experience of space and place refers to spatial features of natural environment that have
advanced human health. These includes:
 Prospect of refuge
 Transitional spaces
 Cultural and ecological attachment to place
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2.4 Guidelines in Planning and Designing of a Hospital
A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to observe
appropriate architectural practices. These guidelines was to meet the prescribed function of the
facility according to Department of Health.
1. Environment
A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily accessible to
the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke, dust, foul odor, flood, and
shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds, airports,
industrial plants, disposal plants.
2. Occupancy
A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a hospital. The
location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning ordinances.
3. Safety
A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe environment for
patients, personnel and public. The building shall be of such construction so that no hazards
to the life and safety of patients, personnel and public exist. It shall be capable of
withstanding weight and elements to which they may be subjected.
4. Security
A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person and property
within the facility.
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5. Patient Movement
Spaces shall be wide enough for free movement of patients, whether they are on beds,
stretchers, or wheelchairs. Circulation routes for transferring patients from one area to
another shall be available and free at all times.
6. Lighting
All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with sufficient
illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of patients and to enable personnel
in the performance of work.
7. Ventilation
Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure comfort of patients, personnel and
public.
8. Parking
A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1) parking space
for every twenty-five (25) beds
9. Zoning
The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as follows:
9.1 Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency
service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall be located near
the entrance of the hospital.
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9.2 Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory,
pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the outer zone.
9.3 Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of patients: nursing
service. They shall be located in private areas but accessible to guests.
9.4 Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services: surgical
service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated
from the public areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner zones.
9.5 Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service,
housekeeping service, maintenance and motorpool service, and mortuary. They
shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.
10. Function
The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related with each other.
10.1. The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure immediate
access. A separate entrance to the emergency room shall be provided.
10.2 The administrative service, particularly admitting office and business office, shall
be located near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices for hospital management
can be located in private areas.
10.3 The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.
The operating room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide
asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after
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changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement.
10.4 The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent non-related traffic.
The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide
asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after
changing to surgical garments. The nurse station shall be located to permit visual
observation of patient movement. The nursery shall be separate but immediately
accessible from the delivery room.
10.5 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse station shall
be located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be provided
in all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse station for
every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms and wards shall be of sufficient size to allow for
work flow and patient movement. Toilets shall be immediately accessible from
rooms and wards.
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2.5 Case Studies
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH)
Figure 3: Khoo Teck Puat Hospital
Khoo Teck Puat Hospital is located in Singapore. It is a 590-bed general and acute
hospital that offers a comprehensive range of medical services and specialist care (Figure 4). The
hospital has thirty eight (38) specialist clinics, eight (8) state-of-the-art operating theatres, two (2)
intensive care units and rehabilitation gyms. The hospital is owned by Liat Teng Lit.
“Creating garden views for patients and staffs” was one of the design ideas by Liat
Teng Lit. He wanted that the facility would not just be a hospital but a garden worthy of the
reputaion of Alexendra Hospital (predecessor for KTPH).
The hospital is designed to be a hospital in garden, where there are greeneries
everywhere. The patients’ wards enjoy natural ventilation (Figure 5) with a view of Yishun pond
(Figure 6). It have extensive gardens located in different levels in the facility and planter boxes in
the windows and in balconies (Figure 7).
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Figure 4: KTPH services
Figure 5: 5-10 bed wards in KTPH
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Figure 6: Yishun Pond
Figure 8: Garden near ICU Figure 7: Planter boxes in the
window and balconies
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Liat explains: “Just as the rest of the world is chopping down all the rain forest, we
declare ourselves as the Noah’s Ark of tropical rain forests. That means we consciously with every
single project bring back a few species of tropical rain forest”
Fugure 9: Roof Plan
Figure 11: Vegetable Plots
Figure 10: Planters in roof garden
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Legacy Salmo Creek Hospital
Figure 12: Legacy Salmo Creek Hospital façade
The hospital is a six-storey facility with 220 beds, two four-storey medical office
buildings, and a seven-storey parking structure. It is designed with an importance on patients and
their families. Clear circulation system orients patients, staffs, and visitors (Figure 13).
There are two L-shaped patient towers and each of the top floors have 64 private
patient rooms in cluster of 16. The patient towers are angled to have greater views of natural
environment (Figure 14).
The hospital features a curved façade with large windows in patient’s rooms and
treatment area. Also, the main lobby is two-storey with the exterior materials of brick, glass, metal
and stone. Natural materials and warm color palette of natural colors are used in the hospital.
Natural daylight are used in the facility at every opportunity including in operating rooms.
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Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital is designed as a sustainable facility, giving importance
to indoor air quality for the users and reduction of waste products produced by the hospital. It
contributes to a healing environment and conserves natural resources.
Figure 13: Site Development Plan of Legacy Salmo Creek Hospital
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Figure 14: In patient room
Figure 15: Night view of the hospital
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Figure 16: Exterior view of the hospital
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3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Descriptive Method
Descriptive method was used by the proponent. In order to collect data about hospital,
observing its facilities would be suitable since facility like this is a huge one. Such hospital is one of
the important structures in the country, this research was more concerned about the circulation
and its healing environment. In addition, this research will cater on how the staffs and patients
will be stress free and comfortable inside and outside the facility. There will be no experimental or
random selection of groups. This study will be concerned on the medical facility condition of Marilao,
Bulacan.
Observation was the main key for this research. This will be the research design of the
study. Identifying some of the facilities that can or can’t help in the progress of a hospital. Observing
can truly prove what was really needed to have a sustainable design.
Questions can only be answered through studying the spaces and circulation inside
and outside the hospital. By doing so, this research can proved what was lacking in terms of
facilities.
The researcher will use various methods in gathering data to prove that hospital is
needed in Marilao Bulacan. By gathering information to support the said problem, the researcher
will analyze and interpret the data and will come up to a necessary solution.
3.2 Method of Collecting Data
The proponent have a thorough research together by interviews and surveys in Marilao
Bulacan and this was used as a method of collecting data. Data gathering includes in visiting
libraries, case studies of hospital with the same goals such as healing environment, and research
of related literature.
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In addition, the proponent will visit government agencies concerned to health facilities
like Department of Health (DOH), the municipality of Marilao Bulacan, and have an ocular visit on
the proposed site. Also, the proponent will conduct surveys by preparing questioners for the users
of the proposed hospital.
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4 FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
4.1 Questionnaire Survey
This survey is conducted to know what the patients, staffs and visitors experienced
while inside and outside of a hospital. Results shows the comments, interest and suggestions of
the users regarding the health facility.
The proponent had gathered a total of 60 respondents.
1. Common problems encountered in a hospital?
Circulation
Sanitation
Environment
Others
Figure 17: Problems Encountered in Hospital
At Figure 17, the most common problems encountered by the respondents was the circulation,
followed by sanitation, environment and others. Aside from the ones mentioned, accommodation
contributes also in one of the problems, while others said there’s none.
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2. Do you feel relieved and comfortable inside a hospital?
Yes
No
Figure 18: Comfortability inside the premises
Majority of the respondents were not relieved and comfortable inside the hospital because of the
environment of the facility that result for the users to be stressed.
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3. Do you experience being transferred in other hospital because of the hospital you are in
doesn’t have enough facility to treat other diseases?
Yes
No
Figure 19: Experience being transferred in other hospital
Respondents have been having a hard time sometimes when they experience being transferred to
other public hospital because of lack of facility that is needed in treating their diseases.
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4. What activity you want to suggest to be available in a hospital while waiting?
Sleeping quartes
Greeneries/Garden
Lounge Area
others
Figure 20: Suggested activity by the respondents
As shown in Figure 20, the respondents would like greeneries or garden for them to see while
waiting inside the premises. Gardens cam ease stress of the users and can calm their well-being.
Others would like to add sleeping quarters for them to take a nap if the wards are full.
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4.2 Case Studies
Existing Hospital in Marilao, and the 5-km radius
1. St. Michael Family Hospital
 25 beds capacity
 Private Hospital
 Located at Ceferino Santiago St. Poblacion Dos, Marilao, Bulacan
 Services Available:
o Emergency
o Endocrinology
o Obstetrics & Gynecology
o Pediatrics
2. Nazarenus College Foundation Hospital
 100 beds capacity
 Located at Mc Arthur Highway, Saluysoy, Meycauyan, Bulacan
Figure 21: Nazarenus College Foundation Hospital
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Figure 22: Hallway inside the hospital
3. Kairos Maternity & General Hospital
 36 bed capacity
 Located at Muzon, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
 Services Offered:
o Obstetrics and Gynecology
o Pediatrics
o Orthopedic
o Dermatology
o ENT
o Oncology
o Cardiology
o Pulmonology
o Neurology
o Nephrology
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Figure 23: Kairos Maternity & General Hospital
4. Nodado General Hospital
 40 bed capacity
 Located at Brgy. 175, Zone 15, Area A, Camarin, Kalookan City
Figure 24: Nodado General Hospital
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5. North Caloocan Doctors Hospital
 20 bed capacity
 Located at L31 B10 Banker's Vill 2, Quirino Hi-way, Kalookan City
Figure 25: North Caloocan Doctor Hospital
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6. Dr. Jose Rodriguez Memorial Hospital
 200 bed capacity
 Located at Tala, Caloocan City
o Outpatient Care
o Dermatology
o Internal Medicine
o Emergency Services
o Training of health workers for leprosy care and management
o Orthopedic Care
o Ophthalmology
Figure 26: Dr. Jose Rodriguez Memorial Hospital
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7. Ospital ng Lungsod ng San Jose del Monte
 50 bed capacity
 Public Hospital
 Located at Bagong Buhay I, Sapang Palay, San Jose Del Monte city
8. Rogaciano M. Mercado Memorial Hospital
 150 bed capacity
 Public Hospital
 Located at Poblacion, Sta. Rita Bulacan
o Emergency Services
o EENT
o Dental
o Family Planning
o Pediatrics
Figure 27: Rogaciano M. Mercado Memorial Hospital
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5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter exposes the results of the data gathered on previous chapters in terms of
planning and design of a public hospital with healing environment and sustainable. In this section,
the data gathered, case studies, surveys and different materials used are carefully analyzed and
studied to solve the problem in this research.
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the data gathered and presented in this research, the proponent concluded
that there is a need for a health facility in the municipality of Marilao, Bulacan. On the survey, there
was a result that concerns the environment of a hospital in which the users were not fully satisfied
with the facility. People who are sick think that hospital is a place where they can be cured and can
feel at ease in their diseases. With this in mind, it is important that the facility functions by the
needs of the users. The proposed hospital will not cater only the town of Marilao but also to the
nearby town.
5.2 Recommendation
The proponent recommended that it is necessary to have a public hospital in the
town of Marilao to cater its growing population and for ordinary people which is the main target
and user of the facility. On the case study conducted it is clear that there is no public hospital in
the town, only Barangay Health care, small clinics and private hospitals. The ordinary citizens of
Marilao are going to nearby towns that has public health facility to meet their needs.
On the studies and research of the proponent, designing a healing environment with
large scale of natural element, can have a big impact on patients recovery and staffs mood. It is
also necessary to design a health facility with the guidelines by the Department of Health (DOH)
to have a safe and secure structure.
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6 RESEARCH FOCUS
From this chapter, a clear project profile will be presented together with the chosen
site and its profile. In addition to that, the data that the proponent gathered is to be analyzed and
used to have come up with a good planning and design of the hospital needed by the users.
6.1 Rationale
With new methods of design about conservation of energy that is being discovered
today, health care facility needs to keep up with the advancement of its spaces regarding health.
By understanding on how the users will interact with their environment, there is a need to have a
better design of facility. A good health care facility design stimulates the users about their response
towards a positive outlook in life and can make the patients recovery faster and at ease. The
proponent aims to design a facility that can make the users feel the peaceful ambiance and stress
free environment.
6.2. Principles and Relevance to the Project
Energy- efficient design is to have a design of structure which will use less energy but
natural lighting and ventilation. It is a methodology that assists organizations to design, construct
and manage projects to achieve minimum energy consumption.
For interior:
 Use of natural ventilation and light to consume less energy.
 Free flow of air to circulate in the whole area of outpatient’s room.
 High ceiling to have a stay the cool air and hot air be released outside.
For Exterior:
 Trees as a barrier for extensive heat coming from the sun.
 Light materials and natural colors to be used
 More on landscapes and greeneries to circulate clean air on the facility.
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7 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
7.1 Site Profile
7.1.1 Criteria for Site Selection
According to the Department of Health’s guidelines in planning and designing a
hospital, the facility should observe the appropriate architectural practices to meet its prescribed
functional programs and conform to applicable codes. The health facility shall:
 Be located that is readily accessible to the community and reasonably free from
undue noise, smoke, dust, and foul odor.
 Not be adjacent to railroads freight yards, children’s playgrounds, airports,
industrial plants, and disposal plants.
 Comply with all local zoning ordinance.
Figure 28. Vicinity Map
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7.1.2 Description of Site
Historical Background
According to the municipality of the city, Marilao in the old days was part of
Meycauayan and its biggest barrio. The town of Meycauayan are composed within its boundaries
not only Marilao, but Obando, Bocaue, and San Jose del Monte. This was established by the
Franciscans in 1578, where the Poblacion was transferred twice due to the destruction of storms
and earthquakes.
The name Meycauayan was derived from bamboo that surrounds its area. Due to the
rate of growth in population and fast pace of economic advancement, the large barrios separated
from its mother town, Meycauayan, one by one. The first one to become a town was Bocaue in
1606, followed by Obando in 1633 and San Jose del Monte in 1751. In April 21, 1796 the
Municipality of Marilao was constituted. Marilao got its name from a yellow plan growing abundantly
in the place.
Land Use
The total land area of the city is 33.74 km 2. The residential areas occupy (28.68
percent) concentrated in barangays Abangan Norte, Abangan Sur, Poblacion I, Poblacion II, Lias,
Lambakin and southern Loma de Gato. Fishponds occupy the two-tenths (20.35 percent) of the
municipality area. The agriculture lands cover (12.36 percent) and industrial area occupy less than
a tenth (6.31 percent) of the total area. The commercial areas occupy only a small portion of (0.83
percent) and almost one-fourth (25.01 percent) of the town is unused these are open space or
grasslands. Figure 29 shows the existing land uses of the municipality of Marilao.
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Figure 29. Existing Land Use Map of Marilao; Source: CLUP of Marilao
Soil Type
Large portion of the city was covered by Prenza Clay Loam that occupied 1,110
hectares or 32.90% of the total land area (Table 1).
Table 1: Land Area by Soil Type in Municipality of Marilao
Soil Type Area in hectares Percent
Hydrosol 496.00 14.70
Bigaa Clay Loam 961.10 28.49
Prenza Silty Clay Loam 678.60 20.11
Prenza Clay Loam 1,110.00 32.90
Novaliches Loam 128.30 3.80
Total 3,374.00 100
(Source: CLUP of Marilao)
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Freshwater Body
Marilao is practically a watershed area which is dominated by the Marilao River. The
water coming from San Jose del Monte forms the southern boundary with Meycauayan. This water
chanel enters the town in barangay Prenza II and bisects the territory’s mid-section up to barangay
Poblacion I, this serves as the western boundary of the municipality. This wide river serves as an
irrigation water, fish products, transportation and recreation.
Groundwater
Groundwater in Marilao belongs to a shallow well area which the water was generally
20 meters from the ground surface (Figure 30). The municipality’s groundwater comes from deep
wells within Quanternary Alluvium rock formation. It flows from the adjoining areas directed
towards Marilao and to the bay area.
Shallow Well Area
(within 20m)
Deep Well Area
(greater than 20m)
Difficult Area
Figure 30: Groundwater Map in Marilao

Source: CLUP of Marilao
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Climate
Climate in Marilao has a distinct wet and dry season which starts from November and
ends in April during dry season. While wet season starts from May and ends in October. The rainy
season is marked by torrential monsoon rains dumped by the southwest monsoon from the South
China Sea to the western coasts of Luzon. An average of 20 typhoons in a year.
Temperature
May is the hottest month in the area with a temperature of 38.3 ◦ C, while January and
February are the coolest months with a temperature of 24.3 ◦ C. The average annual temperature
in the area is 27.1◦ C.
Population
In 2010 Census of Population in Marilao conducted by National Statistics Office (NSO)
recorded 185,624 total population. The population continues to grow. Based on a survey conducted
in 2005 by Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), the population approxiamately increased
4.05 percent per annum over a 5-year period. In (figure 31), it shows the population of Marilao in
various years.
Figure 31: Total Population of Marilao
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The muniicipality of Marilao is divided into sixteen (16) barangays (Figure 32). The
most number of persons are these five (5) barangays, namely, Loma de Gato (13.16 percent), Saog
(8.75 percent), Tabing Ilog (8.68 percent), Lamabakin (8.03 percent) and Ibayo (7.30 percent).
Barangay Population
Abangan Norte 8,665
Abangan Sur 9,788
Ibayo 6,584
Lambakin 37,007
Lias 12,038
Loma de Gato 46,286
Nagbalon 3,766
Patubig 6,113
Poblacion 1st 1,661
Poblacion 2nd 5,536
Prenza 1st 5,827
Prenza 2nd 6,507
Santa Rosa 1st 9,921
Santa Rosa 2nd 8,510
Saog 11,445
Tabing-ilog 5,970
Table 2: Total Population of Barangay in Marilao, 2010
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Figure 32: Population Map of Marilao
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Demographic Characteristics
In the whole country, on of the primary concern of the people is health. The
public health services in Marilao is under the City Health Department. There are sixteen
(16) health centers located in the 16 barangays. There is also three (3) private hospitals
in the town and atleast seven (7) clinics and one (1) public hospital (Figure 33).
Figure 33: Health Facility in Bulacan
Source: Provincial Public Health Office
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The increase in population in Marilao from 2011 to 2020 is estimated to be at 341,094
(Figure 34). Based on DOH the standard hospital beds to population ratio is 1:1000. The province
hospital beds need to meet the standard ratio based on its growing population.
Figure 34: 2011-2020 Population Projection Based in APGR
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7.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis
Figure 35: Macro Site Analysis
 Located at the Loma de Gato, Marilao, Bulacan
 The proposed site is away from the center of commercial areas
 Located along main road to be accessible to other towns
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Figure 36: Barangay Hall –
Loma de Gato
Figure 37: Our Lady of Mercy
Quasi Parish
Figure 38: Marilao Grand
Villas
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Figure 39: Mini Market –
Loma de Gato
Figure 40: Puregold – Loma
de Gato
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Figure 41: Micro Site Analysis
 Accessible from residential areas, from major and minor road, which is a requirement of
DOH in the location of hospital
 Bounded by 12 meter road M. Vilarica at north, vacant lot at south, minor road at east
and bakery on the west.
Figure 42: Hardware Figure 43: Cuevas Bakery
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Figure 44: Sun and Wind Analysis
The northeast monsoon from November to February, trade winds from March to June
and southwest monsoon from June to October. The northeast monsoon from November to
February is characterized by northeast wind dry condition. Temperature during the northeast
monsoon ranges from 22°C to 33°C or an average of about 26°C.
Figure 45: Sensory Analysis
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Figure 46: Sun path Diagram
Figure 47: Existing Hospitals within Marilao and the 5-km radius
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Figure 48: Land Use Map of Marilao
 The site is classified as Institutional
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7.3 Site Development
Figure 49: Proposed Site
Site Analysis
 The site is located in Loma de Gato, Marilao, Bulacan
 It is near residential areas
 Transportation is easy because the site is bounded by major and minor roads and
accessible by private and public transportation
 There are possible noises coming from passing vehicle because the site is adjacent to
the roads
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SWOT Analysis
Strength
 The location of site is accessible to the community as it is located to major routes.
 The site is located in residential zone.
 Accessibility to potential users and visibility to public
 The site was not located along railroads, freight yards, airports, industrial plants, disposal
plants etc.
Weakness
 Noise coming from the adjacent roads.
Opportunities
 Easily accessible to public and job opportunities.
Threats
 None.
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8 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION
8.1. Design Program
8.1.1. Problem Diagnosis
 The problem in this project is the lack of health care facility in the Philippines.
 The poor planning and design of public hospital that doesn’t meet the
necessary needs of the users.
 The stressful ambiance that have a negative impact on the users.
8.1.2. Space Programming
Figure 51: Space Diagram of different zone in the hospital
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8.1.3. User Analysis
PRIMARY USERS
USERS DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES
IN-PATIENTS A patient who is admitted Receive treatment and care

that requires at least one (1)
overnight stay
OUT-PATIENTS A patient who is admitted Seek consultation and receive

that does not require an treatment
overnight stay
MEDICAL STAFF
PHYSICIANS Specializing doctors for Provides patient consultation

patient consultations and and treatment
operating procedures
NURSES Nurses serving on floors or Provides medical aid to

in the In-patient department patients
CHIEF NURSE Head of the Nursing Oversees nurses’ works and

department schedule
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST Specializes in testing Testing of specimens

laboratory specimens
CLINICAL PATHOLOGIST Specializes on the human Reviews, confirms, interprets

body’s chemical make up and reports tests conducted
in the laboratory
ANATOMICAL Specializes in the human Works in the mortuary
anatomy
PATHOLOGIST
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PHARMACIST Specializes on the contents Preparing and mixing of

and preparation of drugs solutions
and medicines
RADIOLOGIST Specializes in the Reads and interprets x-ray

radiography films
PHYSICIAN-IN-CHARGE OF Head physician in the Supervises the work flow in

RADIOLOGY Radiology department the Radiology department
SURGEON Doctors on duty in the Conducts the operating

Operating Rooms procedures on patients
OR NURSES Nurses on duty in the Aids the physician in the

Operating Room operation
ANAESTHESIOLOGIST Specializes in administering Administers anesthesia to

the anesthesia. He/she is patients before operation
the legal physician to
administer the said drug
ER DOCTORS Medical doctors working in Conducts first operation to
Emergency Department patients delivered in the
Emergency Department
ER NURSES Nurses on duty in the Aids the physician in the

Emergency Department operation
ER RECEPTIONIST Receptionist on duty in the Provides and records

Emergency Department information of patients
brought in the Emergency
Department
UTILITY WORKER Works in the mortuary Stores bodies and perform

autopsy procedures
(MORTUARY)
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ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR Head of the whole health Manages and oversees the

facility whole operation of the health
facility
ADMIN OFFICER Head of the Administrative

Department
RECEPTIONIST Welcomes and provides Receiving of patients and

information to patients and visitors in the main lobby
visitors coming in the main
lobby
CASHIER In-charge of the payments Receives and records the

received from the patients payment transaction of the
patients
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Head of the Finance Oversees the production of the
Department financial staff; acts as the
bookkeeper
COMMISSION ON AUDIT In-charge of medical and Files and retrieves records

AUDITOR facility files and records
COMMISSION ON AUDIT Clerks filing and retrieving Receives visitors, as well as

PERSONNEL files and records files and retrieves records
SECONDARY USERS
PATIENTS Family members and friends Dropping in on patients (in-

of patients visiting them in patients) or accompanying
VISITORS
their stay them for their check-ups (out-
patients)
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ADMINISTRATION
DIRECTOR’S SECRETARY Assistant of the Director Works directly for the Director
ADMIN STAFF MEMBERS Additional staff members for Filling and recording of
auditing and other office documents
works
ADMIN SECRETARY Assistant of the Works directly for the

Administrator Administrator
MEDICAL RECORDS In-charge of keeping and Organizes the records of

OFFICER organizing medical records patients
MEDICAL AIDS
NURSING ATTENDANTS Practitioners giving Helps and assists nurses and

assistance to nurses patients
MEDICAL TECHNICIANS
X-RAY TECHNICIAN Operator for the CT scanner Operates and maintains the x-
ray equipment
CT SCAN TECHNICIAN Operator of the CT scanner Operates and maintains the

CT scanner
SERVICES
SECUIRTY Guards and other security Maintains order and peace w/n
personnel the vicinity of the facility
DIETICIAN Head of the Dietary Ensures the quality and

Department sanitation of food
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DIETARY STAFF Works in the Dietary service Preparation, assembly and

disposal of food for patients
and employees
SUPPLY OFFICER Head of CSSU Store and retrieval of supplies
LAUNDRY UNIT HEAD Head of Linen and Laundry Oversees work

Department
LAUNDRY WORKERS Linen and Laundry Washes, presses and sorts

Department staff linens
TERTIARY USERS
MAINTENANCE
JANITORS Hard workers ensuring the Maintaining the cleanliness by

cleanliness of each facilities sweeping, wiping, etc.
LINEN STAFF In-charge of the clean and Cleaning soiled linens,

soiled linen, its storage and pressing, folding and
maintenance distributing clean linens
UTILITY
MECHANICAL SERVICE In-charge of repairing and Conducts inspections and

maintaining mechanical repairs to mechanical
equipment
ELECTRICAL SERVICE In-charge of repairing and Conducts inspections and

maintaining electrical repairs to electrical equipment
equipment
UTILITY WORKERS Maintenance and sanitation Sanitary disposal of wastes’

stores and retrieves supplies
for different hospital units
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8.1.4. Building Program Analysis
Breakdown Max. Required Space Area in

of user no of Space in computati sqm
user sqm. on
Administrative Service Facility

1. Office of the 1chief 7 5.02/ staff 17.64
Chief of hospital
Hospital
- Secretary’s 1 secretary
area
2. Office of the 4 visitor 5.02/ staff 13

Chief of Clinics 1 chief clinics
3. Business 1 4 5.02/ staff 45.4

and Finance administrativ
Office and
e officer
administrati
on
2 bookkeeper
2 cashier
4staff
4. Conference 12 12 .65/PERSON 27
Room
5. Pantry with 7 7 1.4/person 34
toilet
6. Lobby
-Waiting Area 0.65/ person 80
-Information 1.40/staff 13.2
& Receiving
Area
-Toilet 9 0.65/ person 33
67
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Clinical Service Facility

Emergency Services
1. Nurses’
Station 1 Nurse attendant 5.02/ staff
2 staff nurse 2 10.04 10.04
2. Treatment
8 20
room 1 nurse attendant 5 7.43/ bed
1 staff nurse
1 resident physician
2patients
3.Observation
room
1 resident physician 7.43/ bed 117
1 nursing attendant 10
1 staff nurse
7 patients
4. Doctor’s-
on Duty
area 1 resident physician 1 5.02/ staff 5.02 7.4
5.Stretcher’s
nook 1.08 sq.m./ stretcher 1.08 2
Surgical Services
1. Delivery 1 Resident
room physician
1 Maternity
Patient 6 33.45 34 34
- Operating 1 resident
room physicians
1 Nurse
1 Nursing
Attendant 6 33.45 34 34
68
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1 Patient
1
anesthesiologist
2.Recovery 1 Nurse
Room 1 Nursing
Attendant 6 7.43/ bed 22.3 38
3.Labor Room 1 Nurse
1 Nursing
Attendant 6 7.43/ bed 22.3 38
- Clean-up 1 Nurse
room 1 Nursing
Attendant 1.4 / PERSON 2.8 3
- Scrub-up area 1 Nurse
1 Nursing
Attendant 1.4 / PERSON 28 3.7
- Sub- 1 Nurse
sterilizing room 1 Nursing
Attendant 4.65 4.6 5
4.Dressing
Room 2.32 2.32 2.32
5.Toilet 1.67/person 2.3 2.3
6.Doctor's area 5.02/staff 5.02 5.02
7.Nurse
station/work
area 5.02/staff 25
- Sterile
Instrument and
supply storage 4.65 4.46 4.65
Wheeled
stretcher area 1.08/stretcher 3.5 3.5
8.Janitor's
closet 3.9 3.9 3.9
9. Central
Sterilizing and
Supply Room
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10.Receiving
and releasing
area 1 5.02/staff 5.02 6
11.Work Area 1 5.02/staff 5.02 8
12.Sterilizing
area 4.65
13.Sterile
Supply Storage
Area 4.65
Ancillary Service Facility

1.Laboratory 2
- Clinical
Laboratory 20 20 20
2.Extraction
area 5.1 5.1 5.1
3.Waiting
Area 12 12 19
4. Radiology 4
- X-ray
Room with
14 14 17.4
control 1 x-ray section
console staff, 1 patient
- Dark
Room 1 technician 4.65 4.65 5
- Dressing
Room 1 Patient 2.32 2.32 2.32
- Film File &
Storage
Room 1 Staff 4.65 4.65 5
-
Radiologist’s
Office 1 radiologist 5.02/staff 5.02 13
70
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Out-patient Department
1. Admitting &
waiting area 25 0.65/PERSON 30.25 139
2. Records area 1 4.65 25
3. Consultation
Room 3 5.02/staff 5.02 12
4.Examination
Room 3 7.43/bed 7.4 9.2
5. Internal
1 7.4 21
medicine Office
6. Pediatrics
3 9 21
Office
7. Surgical
3 7.4 21
Office
8. Obstetrics
and
3 7.4 21
Gynecology
Office
9. EENT 3 7.4 21
10.Medical
3 5.02/staff 10.04 26
Records
11.Social
Service and 3 5.02/staff 15.06 38.4
admitting
12. Pathologist
1 staff 3 5.02/staff 10.4
Office
Nursery
1.
Breastfeeding
Area 1 2.7/bassinet 2.7 6.4
71
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2. Pathologic
Room 3 2.7/bassinet 8.1 10
3. Viewing Area 7 1.4.person 9.8 11
4. Work Area
w/ sink 1 5.02/staff 5.02 9
Nursing Service Facility

1.Office of
the Chief
Nurse
/supervisor
nurse 1 chief nurse 3 5.02/staff 10.04 11
2.Nurses’ 2 nurse, 1 nursing
Station attendant 3 5.02/staff 13 13
3.Treatment
room and
medication
area w/ sink 7.43/bed 7.43 8
4.Clean
linen room nursing aid 1 1.4/staff 2.5 2.5
5. Soiled
linen room nursing aid 1 1.4/staff 2.5 2.5
6.Nursing
Wards with
toilet 7.43/bed 709 424
7.Semi
private
room 7.43/bed
8.Private
room 7.43/bed 7.43 14
9. Multi-
purpose 1.40 person
Area 45 /sqm 70 100
10. Toilet 7 1.67/ person 17
72
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Dietary Service Facility

1.Dietician’s
office 1 dietician 3 5.02/staff 5.02/staff 5.02/staff
2. Receiving of
supply area 3 staffs 3 4.65 4.65 6
3.Dry and Cold
storage room 2 4.65 4.65 14
4.Food
Preparation
area 3 4.65 17
5.Wash area 4.65 5.7
6. Garbage
disposal area 1.67 1.67 1.67
7.Toilet 1.67 1.67 1.67
8.Dining area 4 1.40/person 5.6 10
locker 3 1.4/person 4.2 4.7
73
2 0 0 8 1 2 2 1 0 6
8.1.5. Bed Capacity Computation
Figure 50: Bed Computation
74
2 0 0 8 1 2 2 1 0 6
8.2 Design Concept
Architectural Concept
The concept that the proponent used was “Village”. A design solution in which the
spaces is not compact in a building but scattered facility, to make every corners of the hospital may
receive natural light, and natural views.
Figure 51: Design Concept
• A group of houses and associated buildings.
• Traffic and movement studies sought alternative entrances
• Routes for specific patient groups
In addition, village as a concept can have a warm and homey feeling to the users, in
which they will not feel that they are staying in a hospital because of the environment around it.
75
2 0 0 8 1 2 2 1 0 6
Utility Concept
Rain water harvesting - Collecting rain water from the roof can be used for watering the plants and
cleaning. Benefits of collecting rain from water are, up to 90 % efficient, easy maintenance, and
more water to be used when experiencing water shortage during summer.
Figure 51: Utility Concept
76
2 0 0 8 1 2 2 1 0 6
9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Leather, P., Beale, D., Santos, A., Watts, J., & Lee, L. (2003). Outcomes of environmental appraisal
of different hospital waiting areas. Environment and Behavior.
Ulrich, R. and Zimring, C. (September 2004). The Role of the Physical Environment in the Hospital
of the 21st Century: A Once-in-a-Lifetime Opportunity
http://www.herg.gatech.edu/Files/ulrich_role_physical.pdf
Guidelines in the Planning and Design of a Hospital and other Health Facilities (2007). Manila:
Department of Health
National Building Code of the Philippines. (2007). Quezon City: Vicente B. Foz
http://www.bullfrogfilms.com/guides/biodguide.pdf
http://uvadesignhealth.org/docs/blog/hospital-in-a-garden-by-timothy-beatley
http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/area/wa/legacy-salmon-creek-hospital-6910013
http://bulacan.gov.ph/marilao/history.php
http://www.marilao.gov.ph/index.php?p=history_marilao
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132312001758
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Proposed General Hospital in Marilao, Bulacan: A biophilic

village design that contributes to healing

A Thesis Presented to the

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 11/ AR200/ AR200S

Reyes, Christina Marie M.

Architect Noel E. Nicholas

hospitals needs proper ventilation and circulation for the users.

opportunity that he gave me.

their kindness and understanding.

and guidance of these people.

About the Author

Christina Marie M. Reyes is a fourth year graduating architecture student in Mapua

Approval Sheet .............................................................................................. ii

Abstract ........................................................................................................ iii

About the Author ........................................................................................... v

List of tables .................................................................................................. 1

List of figures ................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 5

1.2 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................. 5

1.3 Goals, Objectives and Strategies .................................................................... 6

1.4 Significance of the Research .......................................................................... 7

1.5 Scope and Limitations ................................................................................... 8

1.6 Research Framework/ Conceptual Framework.................................................. 9

1.7 Definition of Terms ...................................................................................... 11

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES................................ 12

2.1 Healing Environment ..................................................................................... 12

2.2 Physical Environment .................................................................................... 12

2.3 Natural Environment ..................................................................................... 15

2.4 Guidelines in Planning and Designing of a Hospital .......................................... 17

2.5 Case Studies................................................................................................. 21

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 29

3.1 Descriptive Method ....................................................................................... 29

3.2 Method of collecting data.............................................................................. 29

4 FINDINGS, ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA .......................... 31

4.1 Questionnaire Survey ................................................................................... 31

4.2 Case Studies ................................................................................................ 35

5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................. 41

5.2 Recommendation ......................................................................................... 41

6 RESEARCH FOCUS ................................................................................ 42

6.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project .......................................................... 42

7 SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ................................................ 43

7.1 Site Profile................................................................................................... 43

7.1.1 Criteria for Site Selection ...................................................................... 43

7.1.2 Description of Site ............................................................................... 44

7.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis .......................................................................... 52

7.3 Site Development......................................................................................... 59

8 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN TRANSLATION ............................................. 61

8.1 Design Program ........................................................................................... 61

8.1.1 Problem Diagnosis ............................................................................... 61

8.1.2 Space Programming ............................................................................. 61

8.1.3 User Analysis....................................................................................... 62

8.1.4 Building Program Analysis .................................................................... 67

8.1.5 Bed Capacity Computation.................................................................... 74

8.2 Design Concept ...................................................................................... 75

Figure 1. Research Framework ...................................................................... 9

Figure 2. Conceptual Framework ................................................................. 10

Figure 3. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital ............................................................... 21

Figure 4. KTPH services ............................................................................... 22

Figure 5. 5-10 beds ward in KTPH ............................................................... 22

Figure 6. Yishun Pond .................................................................................. 23

Figure 7. Planter Boxes in the window and balconies ................................. 23

Figure 8. Garden near ICU ........................................................................... 23

Figure 9. Roof Plan ...................................................................................... 24

Figure 10. Planters in roof garden ............................................................... 24