1

1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative) identity) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It represents a single entity, the unit of
counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1. It is also the first of the infinite sequence of
←0 1 2→
natural numbers, followed by 2. -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 →
List of numbers — Integers
← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Contents Cardinal one

Ordinal 1st
Etymology
(first)
As a number
Numeral system unary
As a digit
Mathematics Factorization ∅
Table of basic calculations Divisors 1
In technology Greek numeral Α´
In science
Roman numeral I
In philosophy
Roman numeral Ⅰ, ⅰ
In literature
(unicode)
In comics
Greek prefix mono-/haplo-
In sports
Latin prefix uni-
In other fields
See also Binary 12

References Ternary 13
External links Quaternary 14
Quinary 15
Senary 16
Etymology
Octal 18
[1]
The word one can be used as a noun, an adjective and a pronoun.
Duodecimal 112
It comes from the English word an,[1] which comes from the Proto-Germanic root *ainaz.[1] The Proto-Germanic root *ainaz comes from the Hexadecimal 116
Proto-Indo-European root*oi-no-.[1]
Vigesimal 120
Compare the Proto-Germanic root*ainaz to Old Frisian an, Gothic ains, Danish en, Dutch een, German eins and Old Norse einn. Base 36 136
Greek numeral α'
Compare the Proto-Indo-European root *oi-no- (which means "one, single"[1]) to Greek oinos (which means "ace" on dice[1]), Latin unus
(one[1]), Old Persian aivam, Old Church Slavonic -inu and ino-, Lithuanian vienas, Old Irish oin and Breton un (one[1]). Persian ١
Arabic & Kurdish ١
As a number Urdu
One, sometimes referred to as unity,[2] is the first non-zero natural number. It is thus the integer before two and after zero, and the first Sindhi ١
positive odd number. Bengali & Assamese ১
Any number multiplied by one remains that number, as one is the identity for multiplication. As a result, 1 is its own factorial, its own square, Chinese numeral 一/弌/壹
its own cube, and so on. One is also the result of the empty product, as any number multiplied by one is itself. It is also the only natural Devanāgarī १
number that is neithercomposite nor prime with respect to division, but instead considered aunit (meaning of ring theory).
Ge'ez ፩
As a digit Georgian Ⴁ/ⴁ/ბ(Bani)

The glyph used today in the Western world to represent the number 1, a vertical line, often
Hebrew ‫א‬
with a serif at the top and sometimes a short horizontal line at the bottom, traces its roots Japanese numeral 一/壱
back to the Indians, who wrote 1 as a horizontal line, much like theChinese character 一. The Kannada ೧
១
Gupta wrote it as a curved line, and the Nagari sometimes added a small circle on the left
Khmer
(rotated a quarter turn to the right, this 9-look-alike became the present day numeral 1 in the
Gujarati and Punjabi scripts). The Nepali also rotated it to the right but kept the circle small.[3] This eventually became the top serif in the Korean 일/하나
modern numeral, but the occasional short horizontal line at the bottom probably originates from similarity with the Roman numeral I. In some Malayalam ൧
countries, the little serif at the top is sometimes extended into a long upstroke, sometimes as long as the vertical line, which can lead to Thai ๑
confusion with the glyph for seven in other countries. Where the 1 is written with a long upstroke, the number 7 has a horizontal stroke
through the vertical line.
Tamil ௧

While the shape of the 1 character has anascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures, the character usually is ofx-height, as, for example, in .

Many older typewriters do not have a separate symbol for 1 and use the lowercase letter l instead. It is possible to find cases when the uppercase J is used, while it may be for decorative
purposes.

Mathematics
Mathematically, 1 is:
 in arithmetic (algebra) and calculus, the natural number that follows 0 and precedes 2 and the multiplicative identity element
of the integers, real numbers and complex numbers;
more generally, in algebra, the multiplicative identity(also called unity), usually of a group or a ring.
Tallying is often referred to as "base 1", since only one mark – the tally itself – is needed. This is more formally referred to as a unary numeral
system. Unlike base 2 or base 10, this is not a positional notation.

Since the base 1 exponential function (1x) always equals 1, its inverse does not exist (which would be called the logarithm base 1 if it did
exist).

There are two ways to write the real number 1 as arecurring decimal: as 1.000..., and as 0.999....

Formalizations of the natural numbers have their own representations of 1:

in the Peano axioms, 1 is the successor of 0; The 24-hour tower clock inVenice,
in Principia Mathematica, 1 is defined as the set of allsingletons (sets with one element); using J as a symbol for 1.
in the Von Neumann cardinal assignmentof natural numbers, 1 is defined as theset {0}.
In a multiplicative group or monoid, the identity element is sometimes denoted 1, but e (from the German Einheit, "unity") is also traditional. However, 1 is especially common for the
multiplicative identity of a ring, i.e., when an addition and 0 are also present. When such a ring has
characteristic n not equal to 0, the element called 1 has the property that n1 = 1n = 0 (where
this 0 is the additive identity of the ring). Important examples arefinite fields.

1 is the first figurate number of every kind, such astriangular number, pentagonal number and centered hexagonal number, to name just a few.

In many mathematical and engineering problems, numeric values are typically normalized to fall within the unit interval from 0 to 1, where 1 usually represents the maximum possible value
in the range of parameters.Likewise, vectors are often normalized to giveunit vectors, that is vectors of magnitude one, because these often have more desirable properties. Functions, too, are
often normalized by the condition that they haveintegral one, maximum value one, orsquare integral one, depending on the application.

Because of the multiplicative identity, if f(x) is a multiplicative function, then f(1) must equal 1.

It is also the first and second number in theFibonacci sequence (0 is the zeroth) and is the first number in many other mathematical sequences.

1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number, but a unit (meaning of ring theory), like −1 and, in the Gaussian integers, i and −i. The fundamental theorem of arithmetic guarantees
unique factorization over the integers only up to units. (For example,4 = 22, but if units are included, is also equal to, say
, (−1)6 × 123 × 22, among infinitely many similar "factorizations".)

The definition of a field requires that 1 must not be equal to 0. Thus, there are no fields of characteristic 1. Nevertheless, abstract algebra can consider the field with one element, which is not
a singleton and is not a set at all.

1 is the only positive integer divisible by exactly one positive integer (whereas prime numbers are divisible by exactly two positive integers, composite numbers are divisible by more than two
positive integers, and zero is divisible by all positive integers). 1 was formerly considered prime by some mathematicians, using the definition that a prime is divisible only by 1 and itself.
However, this complicates the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, so modern definitions excludenits.
u

By definition, 1 is the magnitude, absolute value, or norm of a unit complex number, unit vector, and a unit matrix (more usually called an identity matrix). Note that the term unit matrix is
sometimes used to mean somethingquite different.

By definition, 1 is theprobability of an event that is almost certain to occur.

1 is the most common leading digit in many sets of data, a consequence ofBenford's law.

1 is the only known Tamagawa number for a simply connected algebraic group over a number field.

The generating function that has all coefficients 1 is given by

This power series converges and has finite valueif and only if, .

In category theory, 1 is sometimes used to denote theterminal object of a category.

In number theory, 1 is the value of Legendre's constant, which was introduced in 1808 by Adrien-Marie Legendre in expressing the asymptotic behavior of the prime-counting function.
Legendre's constant was originally conjectured to be approximately 1.08366, but was proven to equal exactly 1 in 1899.

Table of basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 50 100 1000

1×x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 50 100 1000

Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1÷x 1 0.5 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.16 0.142857 0.125 0.1 0.1 0.09 0.083 0.076923 0.0714285 0.06
x÷1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1x 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

x1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

In technology
 The resin identification codeused in recycling to identifypolyethylene terephthalate.[4]
The ITU country code for the North American Numbering Planarea, which includes the United States, Canada, and parts of the Caribbean
A binary code is a sequence of 1 and0 that is used in computers for representing any kind ofdata.
[5][6]
In many physical devices, 1 represents the value for "on", which means that electricity is flowing.
The numerical value oftrue in many programming languages.
1 is the ASCII code of "Start of Header".

In science
Dimensionless quantitiesare also known as quantities of dimension one.
1 is the atomic number ofhydrogen.
+1 is the electric charge of positrons and protons.
Group 1 of the periodic table consists of the alkali metals.
Period 1 of the periodic table consists of just two elements,hydrogen and helium.
The dwarf planet Ceres has the minor-planet designation 1 Ceres because it was the first asteroid to be discovered.
The Roman numeral I often stands for the first-discovered satellite of a
planet or minor planet (such as Neptune I, a.k.a.Triton). For some earlier discoveries, the Roman
numerals originally reflected the increasing distance from the primary instead.

In philosophy
In the philosophy of Plotinus and a number of otherneoplatonists, The One is the ultimate reality and source of all existence.Philo of Alexandria (20 BC – AD 50) regarded the number one as
God's number, and the basis for all numbers ("De Allegoriis Legum," ii.12 [i.66]).

In literature
Number One is a character in the book seriesLorien Legacies by Pittacus Lore.
Number 1 is also a character in the series Artemis
" Fowl" by Eoin Colfer.
In a 1968 song by Harry Nilsson and recorded by Three Dog Night, the number one is identified as "the loneliest number".

In comics
A character in the Italian comic bookAlan Ford (authors Max Bunker and Magnus), very old disabled man, the supreme leader of the group TNT
.
A character in the Italian comic seriesPKNA and its sequels, an artificial intelligence as an ally of the protagonistPaperinik

In sports
In baseball scoring, the number 1 is assigned to thepitcher.
In association football (soccer) the number 1 is often given to thegoalkeeper.
In most competitions ofrugby league (though not the EuropeanSuper League, which uses static squad numbering), the startingfullback wears jersey number 1.
In rugby union, the starting loosehead prop wears the jersey number 1.
1 is the lowest number permitted for use by players of theNational Hockey League(NHL); the league prohibited the use of 00 and 0 in the late 1990s. (The highest
number permitted is 98.)
1 is the lowest number permitted for use at most levels ofAmerican football. Under National Football Leaguepolicy, it can only be used by aquarterback or kicking
player (during preseason play, restrictions are looser, and players of other positions can wear the number and can also, if no other options exist, wear 0).
In Formula One, the previous year's world champion is allowed to use the number 1.

In other fields
1 is the value of an ace in many playing card games, such ascribbage.
List of highways numbered 1
List of public transport routes numbered 1
1 is often used to denote theGregorian calendar month of January.
1 CE, the first year of the Common Era
01, the former dialing code forGreater London
PRS One, a German paraglider design
+1 is the code for international telephone calls to countries in theNorth American Numbering Plan

See also
−1
+1 (disambiguation)
One (word)
Root of unity

References
1. "Online Etymology Dictionary"(http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=one). etymonline.com. Douglas Harper.
2. Skoog, Douglas. Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Brooks/Cole, 2007, p. 758.
3. Ifrah, Georges; et al. (1998). The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
. Translated by Bellos, David. yes. London: The Harvill
Press. p. 392, Fig. 24.61.
4. "Plastic Packaging Resins"(https://web.archive.org/web/20110721103005/http://www .americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/bin.asp?CID=1102&DID=4645&DOC=FILE.PD
F) (PDF). American Chemistry Council. Archived fromthe original (http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/bin.asp?CID=1102&DID=4645&DOC=FILE.PDF) (PDF)
on 2011-07-21.
5. Woodford, Chris (2006),Digital Technology (https://books.google.com/books?id=My7Zr0aP2L8C&pg=P
A9), Evans Brothers, p. 9,ISBN 978-0-237-52725-9
 6. Godbole, Achyut S. (1 September 2002),Data Comms & Networks(https://books.google.com/books?id=SN_46YHs27MC&pg=P
A34), Tata McGraw-Hill Education,
p. 34, ISBN 978-1-259-08223-8

External links
The Number 1
The Positive Integer 1
Prime curiosities: 1

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