Fuel cell Uses the chemical energy of hydrogen or another fuel to cleanly and

efficiently produce electricity

1. Electricity, If hydrogen is the fuel, the products are
2. water, heat
1. As large as Potential application of fuel cell
utility power
station
2. As small as a
laptop
computer
1. Hydrogen Possible fuels
2. propane,
3. anaerobic
digester gas
from WWTF,
4. landfill gas
Space-age Fuel cell technology is also known as
technology
1800s Fuel cell technology dates back
End of 20th century It was used successfully in spacecraft to provide electricity and water
Renewable energy If use a renewable energy source as the main source of hydrogen, a fuel cell
source can be considered
TRUE Fuel cells work like batteries but they do not run down or need recharging
FALSE They can produce electricity and heat even no fuel is supplied
1. Anode 2 electrodes of fuel cell sandwich around an electrolyte
(negative
electrode)
2. Cathode
(positive
electrode)
anode In which electrode does hydrogen fuel fed
cathode In which electrode does air fed
catalyst In a hydrogen fuel cell, it separates hydrogen molecules into protons and
electrons, which take different paths to the cathode.
electrons Go through an external circuit, creating a flow of electricity
protons Migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode, where they unite with oxygen
and the electrons to produce water and heat
TRUE The classification of fuel cells determines
1. The kind of electrochemical reaction
2. Kind of catalyst
3. Temperature range
4. Fuel required
PEM –  High power density
Polymer electrolyte  Low weight and volume
membrane fuel cells  Solid polymer
or  Porous carbon electrodes (Platinum or platinum alloy catalyst)
Proton exchange  Hydrogen, oxygen and water to operate
membrane fuel cells
DMFC’s-  Pure methanol
Direct methanol fuel
cells
AFC’s-  KOH / potassium hydroxide as electrolyte in water
Alkaline fuel cell  Non precious metals as catalyst
PAFC’S-  Liquid phosphoric acid as electrolyte
Phosphoric acid fuel  Acid in a Teflon-bonded silicon carbide matrix and porous carbon
cell  Platinum catalyst
MCFC’S-  Hight temperature fuel cells
Molten carbonate  Molten carbonate salt mixture
fuel cells  Chemically inert ceramic lithium aluminum oxide matrix
SOFC’s-  Hard
Solid oxide fuel cells  Non porous ceramic compound as electrolyte
Reversible fuel cells  Produce electricity from HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, WATER AND HEAT as
byproducts
July 5, 2016 First ethanol powered fuel cell research in the philippines
Nanostructured Project title
Electro-catalyst
Composited for
direct ethanol fuel
cell (DEFC)
Philippine Council for Who funded
Industry, Energy and
emerging technology
research and
development
(PCIEERD) of
department of
science and
technology (DOST)
University of santo Work on by the group of
tomas , Dr. Bernard
John Tongol
TRUE Objective of this project is to produce a low cost but effective ethanol
powered fuel cell by creating a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with
synthesized anode-cathode materials which uses alternatives for the fuel cells
available commercially
LED lamp Once the prototype is completed, it will be used to come up with an _____
which can be used for emergency response purposes during power black outs
TRUE Other objective is replaced the platinum based catalyst
Palladium Used to substitute for anode catalyst
Cobalt and iron Non precious metals used to substitute for cathode catalyst
Ethanol  Numerous benefits
 Renewable resource from agricultural waste
 Less toxic
 Handled more easily
Christopher William First hydrogen- powered battery that will charge your apple iphone for a week
August 22 2015 article by
Intelligent energy This major smartphone breakthrough has claimed by british technology
company
TRUE World first fuel cell system into current iphone 6 without any alteration to the
size or shape of the device
TRUE The only cosmetic differences compared with other handsets are rear vents so
an imperceptible amount of water vapor can escape
TRUE iPhone 6 prototype containing both a rechargeable battery and its own
patented technology, which creates electricity by combining hydrogen and
oxygen, producing only small amounts of water and heat as waste.
TRUE On the prototype fuel cell iPhone, hydrogen gas is refueled via an adapted
headphone jack.
TRUE For the commercial launch, the company is developing a disposable cartridge
that would slot into the bottom of future smartphones and contain enough
hydrogen-releasing powder for a week of normal use without recharging
POSSIBLE PROBLEMS  There is no information on whether or not the jack remains usable for
OF TECHNOLOGY other purposes
 This doesn’t replace the existing lithium-ion battery, only
supplements it
 Device needs to be tested in a number of scenarios:
 ensure that fuel cell doesn’t rupture
 ensure that vents don’t become obstructed when the phone is slipped
into various pockets or purses
Advantage of
hydrogen fuel cell  Renewable
 Non - Toxic
 Powerful Fuel – used as fuel in rockets
 Non-polluting???
 Reduce dependency on foreign oil
 Efficient (40 – 60 %) (85 – 90 % with heat captured)
 Abundant???
disadvantage  High Investment
 Flammable/Highly Explosive
 Difficult in storing
 Indirect generation of pollution (How?)
  One of the drawbacks of using fuel cells is finding less expensive but
Hydrogen Fuel Cells: more efficient catalysts other than Platinum.
DOE Finds Faster,  Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water.
Cheaper Catalyst  Inspired by bacteria enzyme hydrogenase
(2/3/2017) – Pacific  Nickel-based synthetic catalyst
Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL)

BIOMASS Renewable energy souce that is derived from living or recently living
organisms
 Biological material
 Not organic material (coal)
 Use to produce heat
 Can be chemically and biochemically treated
Thermal energy Extracted by means of combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis and gasification
TRUE Biomass history covers entire life of our planet
TRUE The use of biomass as an energy source began when the cave man first
discovered fire
FALSE : While fossil fuels are actually made up of organic materials they are
considered biomass, as they are composed of rotted down materials that
contain ancient carbon
1970 Scientists actually became seriously interested in the possibility of replacing
fossil fuels with a more reliable and less expensive product
1975 The actual name 'biomass' came into being and the idea took off like wildfire
2000 The United States government developed a program to use biomass by the
co-firing method. This is a method involves combining biomass with some
other product such as coal.
CURRENTLY The world is involved in trying to change the source of energy from fossil
fuels.

Why theres a need  Climate change – CO2 abatement

for bioenergy  Energy security
 Diversification of farm activities
 Wood fuel Types of biomass
 Rubbish
 Alcohol fuels
 Crops
 Landfill gas
Fuel Any material that store energy in the chemical bonds which can be extracted
later on for mechanical work
BIOFUEL  From recently dead living system (not part of life for a very short time)
 Renewable
 Green and environmental friendly
 Carbon neutral
 Biogas, bioethanol,biodiesel,biohydrogen, bioethers etc
FOSSIL FUEL  From the fossils of a living system (not part of life for a long time)
 Non renewable
 Damaging the environment
 Increase the co2 level
 Petrol, diesel, coal etc
BIOMASS  Bioalcohol
 Biodiesel
 Green diesel
 Vegetable oils
 Bioethers
 biogas
BIOFUELS  SOLID BIOFUELS (woods, dried plants, bagasse, manure,seed)
 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL
 ALGAE BASED BIOFUELS
 BIOHYDROGEN
 METHANOL
 DIMETHYLFURAN
 FISHER-TROPSCH BIODEISEL

Advantage of algae  Cultivation of algae

 Green house gas mitigation benefits
 Compatibility of biofuels produced from algae
 Alternative biofuels source of food crops
 Higher yield of biofuels from algae