qeTevan bezaraSvili

korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

xelnaweris aRmoCenisa da gamocemis istoria

korideTis saxarebis berZnul da qarTul minawerTa mixedviT irkveva

Semdegi: X saukuneSi, bizantiis imperator nikifore fokas mefobis dros
(963-969), kerZod, 965 wels (ix. berZn. sabuT. 5), xelnaweri samxreT-dasav-
leT saqarTveloSi (aWaraSi) inaxeboda, md. Woroxis marcxena SesarTavis,
md. murRulis napiras mdebare sofel korideTis RvTismSoblis saxelo-
bis eklesiaSi. 1914 wlamde korideTi miekuTvneboda baTumis olqis arT-
vinis mxares (dRes es teritoria TurqeTis sazRvrebSia). XI saukuneSi
xelnaweri Semosa vinme pitirionma (ix. Sen. 8, 9: f. 73v), xolo XII saukuneSi
xelaxla Semosa beSqen erisTavT-erisTavma (ix. qarT. sabuT. 3: f. 74rv).
mterTa Semosevis gamo eklesiidan waRebuli xelnaweri ukanve daabruna
saWurvelTmtvirTvelma amirspasalarma da amiraxorma ioane WiasZem/Jan
CiasZem (ix. qarT. sabuT. 8: ff. 2r-7r; 1266-1280 ww.-Si dawerili iqve moxsenie-
buli trapizonis keisar giorgi I komnenosisa da daviT V narinis dros).
xelnaweri korideTSi inaxeboda XIV-XV saukuneebamde (korideTis TemSi
Sesrulebuli xelnaweris berZnul-qarTuli minawerebi X saukunidan
moyolebuli XIII saukunes moicaven). XIV-XV saukuneebidan xelnaweri aR-
moCnda zemo svaneTSi sof. kalaSi da daculi iyo kvirikesa da ivlitas
eklesiis (svanurad `lagurka~) sakurTxevelSi (kalas TemSi Sesrulebuli
qarTuli minaweri am periodisaa, ix. qarT. minaw. 12, ff. 187v-188r).
1853 w. xelnaweri lagurkaSi aRmoaCina eTnografma a. barTolomeosma
(Bartolomey 1855: 163-164). 1860 wels lagurkaSi xelnaweri naxa agreTve d.
baqraZem,1 xolo 1869 wels bernuvilma (Bernouvill1е 1873). 1869 wels quTa­
isis gubernatorma grafma v. levaSovma xelnaweri s. peterburgSi waiRo,

1869 wels d. baqraZem tao-klarjeTSi imogzaura, sadac korideTis

1

xelnaweris minawerebSi naxsenebi toponimebi daadastura. amiT ki oTxTavis

warmoSobis problema gadaiWra (Bakradze 1887).

44
 korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

sadac igi grafi paninis xelT aRmoCnda. peterburgSi prof. mari bro-
sem Seiswavla igi da misca mas pirveli samecniero Sefaseba (Brosset 1870:
269-286). SemdgomSi gabriel episkoposis (qiqoZisa) da levan dadeSqeli-
anis moTxovniT xelnaweri dabrunda saqarTveloSi da gadaeca gelaTis
monasters, sadac inaxeboda 1901 wlamde. 1901 wels igi xelaxla iqna
aRmoCenili episkopos kirionis (saqarTvelos saegzarxosos droebiTi
mmarTvelis) mier da gadaeca saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa koleqcias
TbilisSi, sadac xelnawers mieniWa nomeri #993 (Kirion 1905).
mas Semdeg, rac saeklesio muzeumi SeuerTda saqarTvelos saxelmwi-
fo muzeums, xelnaweri moTavsda muzeumis xelnawerTa ganyofilebaSi da
mieca numeracia A-993. 1958 wlidan korideTis oTxTavi daculia xelnaw-
erTa erovnul centrSi axali SifriT – Gr.-28.2
Kkirionis Semdgom xelnaweri samuSaod gadaegzavna laipcigSi prof. Kr.
gregoris da berlinSi prof. zodens. 1904 w. moskovis saimperatoro arqe-
ologiurma sazogadoebam xelnaweris gamocema gadawyvita, risTvisac sa-
zogadoebis Tavmjdomarem grafinia praskovia uvarovam igi germaniidan
TbilisSi daabrunebina. gamoqveynda iv. evseevis gamokvleva da zodenis
Sesavali werili rusulad da germanulad, romlebic daerTo markozis
saxarebis fototipur/faqsimilur gamocemas 1907 w. (Uvarova 1907: c. III,
2; c. XVI). 1913 w. laipcigSi gamoica korideTis oTxTavis mTliani te-
qsti da daerTo winasityva, SeniSvnebi da komentarebi – istoriuli da
paleografiuli gamokvleva bermanisa da gregoris mier (Beermann 1913).
korideTis xelnaweris detaluri aRwera ekuTvnis grigol wereTels
germanul enaze qarTuli da rusuli reziumeTi. iqvea Seswavlili oTx-
Tavis berZnuli minawerebi (Zereteli 1937). gakvriT exebian am xelnawers e.
granstremi da fonkiCi (Granstrem 1950: 223, ris. 3; 1959: s. 191-192; 1956: s.
290-291; 1968: s. 234-238; Fonkiq 1974: 135-136, ris. 4-7).

redaqciis saxeoba da misi mniSvnelobis Sefaseba

Tavdapirveladve unda iTqvas, rom mecnierebaSi gamoiyofa saxarebis

teqstebis ramdenime ZiriTadi redaqcia. esenia: aleqsandriuli, dasav-
luri, kesariuli, bizantiuri da Sualeduri tipebi. aleqsandriul tips

2
xelnaweris istoriis toponimebi da geografiuli adgilmdebareoba ucxour
publikaciebSi xSirad erTmaneTSi aris aRreuli. mag., veb-gverdebze
miCneulia, rom xelnaweris saxelwodeba momdinareobs im qalaqidan, sadac
igi iqna napovni (korideTis monasteri miCneulia ukeTes SemTxvevaSi Savi
zRvis piras mdebare baTumis maxlobelad; uares SemTxvevaSi kaspiis zRvis
axlos mdebared (Mecger 1996: 56).

45
qeTevan bezaraSvili

miekuTvneba cnobili uadresi xelnawerebi: sinuri da vatikanuri (‫א‬01: cod.

Sinaiticus, s. IV; B 03: cod. Vaticanus, s. IV), aqedan vatikanurs sxva klasifi-
kaciiT neitralur tipsac akuTvneben; dasavlurs miekuTvneba cnobili
bezes kodeqsi (D 05: cod. Bezae Cantabrigiensis, s. V); kesariuls miekuTvneba
korideTis oTxTavi (Q 038: cod. Coridethianus, s. IX); bizantiurs warmoad-
gens cnobili aleqsandriuli xelnaweri da sxv. (A 02: cod. Alexandrinus, s.
V; N: cod. Petropolitanus Purpureus, s. VI), aleqsandriul xelnawers sxva klas-
ifikaciiT antioqiur tipsac akuTvneben; Sualeduria im tipis xelnaw-
eri, romlis wyaro sxvadasxva ojaxis teqstebia: dasavluri, bizantiuri,
kesariuli, aleqsandriuli (W 032: cod. Freerianus, s. V). es aris ZiriTa-
dad yvelaze cnobili xelnawerebi. amaT garda aRnusxulia sxva mravali
xelnaweri.3 am jgufebs Soris urTierTmimarTeba odnav gansxvavebulia
sxvadasxva Teoriis mixedviT, magram ZiriTadad iqmneba erTiani sura-
Ti (yvela klasifikaciaSi korideTis oTxTavi erTsulovnad kesariuli
tipis umniSvnelovanes nimuSad aris dasaxelebuli). SevecdebiT warmo-
vadginoT ZiriTadi mosazrebebi da korideTis uncialuri xelnaweris
adgili maT Soris.
korideTis oTxTavi Tavidanve gamorCeulad iqna Sefasebuli saxare-
bis 3000-mde xelnawers Soris. misi teqsti uZvelesTan axlosmdgomad
iqna miCneuli. igi saukeTeso nusxad da aucileblad iTvleboda kriti-
kuli teqstis dasadgenad (m. brosedan moyolebuli). Tavdapirveladve
miuTiTebdnen mis siaxloves saxarebis uadres xelnawerebTan: cod. Bezae D
(cod. Cantabrigiensis 2.41, s. V/VI), agreTve cod. Petrop. Purpur. 53, s. VI da sxv. ev-
seevis azriT, korideTuli markozis saxarebis teqsti saxarebis pirvel
aTeul teqstebs Soris Tavsdeba; zodeni korideTis saxarebis teqsts
miiCnevda berZnuli axali aRTqmis e. w. kesariul teqstad, anu saxare-
bis erT-erT uadres teqstTan axlosmdgomad; zodenisagan gansxvavebiT,
r. bleiki korideTis teqsts ierusalimur da sinur xelnawerebTan aax-
loebda; Tumca misive SromiT damkvidrda axali aRTqmis „kesariuli“ teqs-
tis aRiareba da kvlevaSi Semotana, rogorc origenes mier egviptidan mit-
anilisa kesariaSi, saidanac igi ierusalimSi unda gavrcelebuliyo (Lake...
1923: 267-286; Lake, 1928: 19; Blake, 1928: 288; Mecгер 1996: 210-211). g. wereTlis
azriT, korideTis saxarebebis teqsti mianiSnebs berZnuli saxarebis dasav-
luri da neitraluri tipis kombinacias (wereTeli1937: 43-45).
dResdReobiT sayovelTaod gavrcelebul samecniero literaturaSi
miCneulia, rom am xelnaweris maTes, lukas, ioanes saxarebebi bizanti-

uncialuri xelnawerebisaTvis (ix. Mecгер 1996: 40-59, 166, 293; van Cangh...
3

2005: 35;  Hatch 1938: table XLIV).

46
 korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

ur zogad tips miekuTvneba, markozis saxareba – xan aleqsandriulad,

umetesad ki kesariul versiad aris miCneuli (sayuradReboa, rom zo-
gierTi varaudiT, kesariuli dasavlurisa da aleqsandriulis Serevad
miiCneva Mecгер 1996: 56-57, 211).
korideTis saxarebis mniSvneloba xan umaRlesad, xan ki naklebad
mniSvnelovnad aris Sefasebuli originaluri teqstis dasadgenad (ix.
aRwerilobaSi dasax. Lliteratura da veb-gverdi: (Mecger 1996: 57, 293).
yvela SemTxvevaSi igi miCneulia damoukidebeli ikiTxvisebisa da gansx-
vavebuli Tvisebebis mqoned.
sayuradReboa, rom aseTi sxvadasxva azris arsebobas Tavisi axsna aqvs.
es kargad dadasturda ukanasknel xans TbilisSi gamarTul saerTaSor-
iso konferenciaze, romelic eZRvneboda bibliuri teqstebis gamocemas
da romelzedac Sejamda ukanaskneli drois samecniero daskvnebi.4
berZnuli oTxTavis teqstobrivi sakiTxis kvlevis istoria daaxloe-
biT aseT suraTs iZleva:
korideTis nusxis teqstobriv monacemebs mkvlevarni xSirad imow-
meben mikrofilmebisa da fotoaslebis saSualebiT bermanisa da grego-
ris XX saukunis dasawyisis gamocemis paralelurad (1913 w.). korideTis
xelnaweri (Q 038) teqstobriv tradicias avlens oTxTavis or ojaxTan
(f1 da f13) da gansakuTrebiT f13-Tan. igi warmoadgens gansxvavebul teqs-
tobriv monacemebs (gansakuTrebiT, rogorc vTqviT, markozis saxare-
basTan dakavSirebiT). es teqstobrivi tradicia cnobili iyo origene-
saTvis, roca igi palestinis kesariaSi 230-250 wlebSi cxovrobda, amitom
am tips `kesariuli~ ewodeba ara warmomavlobis mixedviT, aramed imis
gamo, rom am tipis teqstis pirveli damowmeba lokalizebulia pales-
tinis kesariaSi. es tipi dadasturebulia bibliis IV saukunis cnobil
berZnul xelnawerebamde ufro adre (Amphoux 2007); es cnobili xelnaw-
erebi ki – sinuri da vatikanuri (‫ א‬01: cod. Sinaiticus, s. IV; B 03: cod. Vati-
canus, s. IV) axali aRTqmis gamoqveynebuli teqstis safuZvels warmoad-
gens (Aland... 1994; Nestle 1901).
kesariuli teqstis saTaveebTan, rogorc
zemoT vnaxeT, `dasavluri~ tipis teqstsac asaxeleben. es aris 400 wlis
maxloblad gadawerili orenovani (berZnuli da laTinuri) e. w. bezes

4
saerTaSoriso samecniero konferencia „bibliis teqsti da misi gamocema“
(oTxTavisa da fsalmunTa teqstis Tanamedrove kvlevebi), iv. javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, samecniero kvleviTi
laboratoria „orioni“; safrangeTis eqs-e-provansis universiteti, pol-
alber fevries centri, 18-19 seqtemberi, Tb., 2007 (Colloque International „Le texte
biblique et son édition Recherches sur les Evangeles et les Psaumes, Centre Paul-Albert Février
(Aix, France), Laboratoire Orioni (Tbilisi, Géorgie), Tbilisi, 18-19 spetembre, 2007).

47
qeTevan bezaraSvili

kodeqsi (romelic mcire aziidan momdinaredac miiCneva). masTan axlos

dgas irineos lionelTan dadasturebuli II saukunis laTinuri teqsti
da amdenad, igi kesariulze adreul damowmebad iTvleba (D 05: cod. Bezae
Cantabrigiensis, s. V. Amphoux, 2007). dasavluris Semdgom redaqtirebuli Su-
aleduri teqstia W 032: cod. Freerianus, s. V. kesariuli teqstis paralelu-
rad origenesaTvis aseve cnobil aleqsandriul redaqciasac moiazreben.
aleqsandriuli teqsts 300 wlisaTvis dasavluris redaqtirebad (B 03:
cod. Vaticanus; ‫א‬.01: cod. Sinaiticus) da xmelTaSua zRvis qalaqebSi gavrcel-
ebulad miiCneven. kesariulma teqstma (romelic antioqiuri teqstis pi-
rveladi forma unda yofiliyo lukianes recenziamde 310 wels, ramac
dasabami misca bizantiurs) adgili dauTmo lukianes redaqcias da sab-
olood bizantiuri teqsti mogvca (A 02: cod. Alexandrinus, s. V). bizantiuri
aris savaraudod 380 wlis teqsti, romelic Sua saukuneebSi vrcelde-
boda. igi f13 ojaxTan Sexebis mqoned iTvleba.5
miiCneven, rom Q 038-isa da f13 -is damowmebaTa umravlesoba bizantiur
variants Seicavs; igi axlosaa nawilobriv ‫א‬BDW xelnawerebTanac, gar-
da A-si (cod. Alexandrinus, s. V); amtkiceben W xelnaweris (anu Sualeduri
redaqciis) adgils kesariuli teqstis wiaRSi. markozis gansakuTre-
buli teqsti, romelic cnobili iyo palestinis kesariaSi, aRmosavleT
xmelTaSuazRvispireTSi farTod gavrcelda da kavkasiis karibWemde
korideTis kodeqsiT moaRwia (Didier Lafleur 2007). kesariuli tipis te-
qsts, rogorc vTqviT, „dasavlurTan“ daaxloebuladac Tvlian, xolo
aleqsandriulisagan – damoukideblad; kesariuls uwodeben dasavluri
teqstidan gamosuli teqstis stadias, romelic IV saukunis berZnul sam-
yaroSi naklebad gamoiyeneboda, xolo somxuri da qarTuli versiebisaT-
vis V saukuneSic ki models warmoadgenda; kesariuls miiCneven agreTve
Sualedurad dasavlur da bizantiur teqstebs Soris. aleqsandriul te-
qstTan mas pirdapiri kavSiri ar gaaCnia, magram Tvlian, rom paralelur
ganviTarebas warmoadgens da gzas uxsnis aleqsandriuli teqstis etaps
(Amphoux 2007).
am informaciis fonze Zalze sainteresoa, Tu romel redaqcias mie-
kuTvneba korideTis Tanamedrove, xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi dacu-
li, meore – IX saukunis saxareba (Gr. 27), romelic am TvalsazrisiT jer-
jerobiT Seuswavlelia.

unda iTqvas, rom sxva modeliT, lukianes versia aleqsandriulis, kesari-

5

ulis da dasavluris erTian gadamuSavebad iTvleba da bizantiuris wya­

rod rCeba (MAmphoux 2007).

48
 korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

gadaweris adgili da dro

gamokvleulia, rom korideTis berZnuli oTxTavis ZiriTadi teqsti

da aseve misi berZnuli minawerebi Sesrulebulia im enobriv wreSi, ro-
melic unda yofiliyo Woroxis xeobis sof. korideTSi; maT qarTuli
enobrivi formebis ieri dahkravs. is garemo, romelSiac trialebdnen
koridelebi, ganekuTvneba e. w. pontos dialeqtis samyaros. Sesabamisad,
enobrivi formebic berZnuli enis pontos dialeqtis damaxasiaTebelia
(wereTeli 1937: 15). araberZenis (am SemTxvevaSi qarTvelis) mier gadawer-
il am tipis xelnawers qarTuli duqtusi (xelwera) ewodeba (Granstrem
1950: 223).
qarTveli gadamweri berZnul enasa da damwerlobaSi gawafuli ar
aris da uSvebs orTografiul, stilistur, kaligrafiul Secdomebs qar-
Tuli enisa da paleografiis gavleniT.6
g. wereTeli uncialuri kaligrafiis Taviseburebis mixedviT kori-
deTis xelnawers IX saukuneze adreulad ar miiCnevda (wereTeli 1937:
33, 55). jer VIII, xolo Semdgom IX saukuniT aTariRebda mas e. granstremi
(Granstrem 1959: 192. ) (kirioni aTariRebda V-VII saukuneebiT, gregori – VI-
IX saukuneebiT – ix. g. wereTlis gamokvleva).

berZnuli da qarTuli minaweri sabuTebi da maTi mniSvneloba

berZnuli saxarebis furclebze, rogorc relikviaze, sabuTebis mo-

Tavseba wesad miRebuli Cveulebis gamoxatulebaa.7 korideTis oTxTavis
minaweri berZnuli da qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebi zogjer Tanadroul-
ni arian da erTsa da imave pirebs asaxeleben.8 amis mizezad miiCneven iq
arsebul eTnikur situacias, adgilobrivi qarTuli da berZnul-bizanti-
uri mosaxleobis Serevas, X-XI saukuneebSi bizantiis Zlier politikur
gavlenas saqarTvelos am kuTxeze. sabuTebi mcire moculobis terito-
rias – erT sasoflo Tems, erT eklesias da mis samflobeloebs ukavS-
irdeba. korideTis xelnaweris berZnuli minawerebis kvlevaSi udidesi

6
es sakiTxi dawvrilebiT aqvs Seswavlili g. wereTels (wereTeli 1937).
7
sabuTebis moTavseba xelnaweri wignebis, gansakuTrebiT saxarebis xel-
nawerebis furclebis aSiebze sakmaod gavrceleuli iyo Zvel saqarTvelo-
Si, gansakuTrebiT svaneTSi, samxreT saqarTveloSi da mravalma istoriul-
ma sabuTma swored am saxiT maRwia Cvenamde (silogava 1986; SaraSiZe 1982;
silogava 1989: 5).
8
s. yauxCiSvili miiCnevda, rom qarTuli da berZnuli minawerebis kvleva gan-
calkevebulad ki ara, paralelurad unda warmarTuliyo (yauxCiSvili 1967:
12).

49
qeTevan bezaraSvili

wvlili miuZRvis g. wereTels, romelmac Seaswora wina gamocemebis wak-

iTxvebi, agreTve s. yauxCiSvils, romelmac kidev ufro daazusta g. wer-
eTlis gamocemis wakiTxvebi da xelaxla srulyofilad gamosca minaweri
sabuTebi istoriul-enobrivi komentarebiT. winamdebare aRwerilobaSi
es ukanaskneli gamocemaa gamoyenebuli.
berZnul minawerSi dasaxelebulia qronologiurad uadresi damowme-
ba – nikifore II foka (963-969); sabuTi, romelSiac igi aris moxseniebuli
(ix. berZn. sab. 5: f. 140v) misi mefobis erTi wliT aris daTariRebuli
(965 w. „zeobasa uflisa Cuenisa imperatoris fokasi, Tvesa Tebervalsa,
indiqtionsa 8“). Semdgom qveynis umaRles xelisuflebad dasaxelebulia
rogorc saqarTvelos mefe (daviTi, savaraudod ulu an narini), ise bi-
zantiis imperatori da trapizonis keisari (giorgi I komnenosi – qarT.
sab. 8: ff. 2r-7r; mxedruli; 1266-1270/1280 ww.). berZnul minawerSi (2: ff. 72v-
73r) xsenebulia nikifore III botaniatis (1078-1081) saxeliT wodebuli
moneta botanavta, romelic qarTul minawerSic amave formiT aris moxse-
niebuli „botanati“ (ix. qarT. sab. 9: ff. 76v-78r). piligrimis minawerSi (ber-
Zn. minaw. 3: f. 132v); moxseniebulia andronike mefe. g. wereTlis azriT,
igi unda iyos trapizonis imperatori andronike I gidoni (1222-1235 ww.)
da ara bizantieli imperatori andronike komneni (1183-1185 ww.), radgan
minaweris asoTa moxazuloba XIII saukunisaa (wereTeli 1937: 48-49).
es imaze miuTiTebs, rom trapizonis gavlena taoSi jer kidev XIII
saukuneSi SeimCneoda. berZulenovani istoriuli sabuTebis arseboba
ganpirobebuli iyo am regionSi, rogorc bizantiis imperiis sasazRvro
zolSi, Sereuli mosaxleobis da eklesiis Sereuli (qarTul-berZnuli)
mrevlis arsebobiT, aseve Taviseburi (anu berZnulenovani) liturgikuli
praqtikis arsebobiT (silogava 1989: 22-24).
am regionSi saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis gavrceleba IX sau-
kunidan iwyeba, ris gamoc saRvTismsaxuro praqtikidan berZnuli ena
idevneba9 da berZnulenovan liturgikul wignebs praqtikuli daniS-
nuleba ekargebaT. varaudoben, rom korideTis saxarebam trapezidan
sawignobelSi gadainacvla, ris gamoc misi furclebis cariel adgilebze
iuridiuli dokumentebisa da daficebis teqstebis Setana daiwyes. XIV-XV
saukuneebSi saqarTvelos samxreT nawils islamuri TurqeTisgan poli-
tikur-sarwmunoebrivi eqspansiis safrTxe daemuqra, ris gamoc saekle-
sio sagnebisa da wignebis didi nawili SedarebiT usafrTxo adgilebSi,

samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi berZnuli liturgikuli praqtikis IX sau-

9

kunidan qarTuliT Secvlis Sesaxeb aSkarad metyvelebs giorgi merCulis

cnobili formula.

50
 korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

kerZod, zemo svaneTSi gadaitanes. Aamas adasturebs korideTis xelnawer-

is minaweri, romelic Sesrulebulia kalis TemSi XIV-XV saukuneebSi (ix.
qarT. sabuT. 12: ff. 187v-188r). svaneTSi (saqarTvelos Crdilo-dasavleT
mTianeTSi) xelnawerma sakraluri funqcia SeiZina da kultmsaxurebis
sagnad iqca (papuaSvili 2007: 58).
rac Seexeba am periodis samxreT saqarTvelos, XV-XVI saukuneebis
qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi Jamiswirvis berZnul enaze warmarT-
vis gamo gamovlinda pontouri dialeqtis Taviseburebebis kvali ekle-
siurad saqarTvelosgan mowyvetil mxareSi, rac Sedegi iyo osmaluri
politikisa – saeklesio RvTismsaxurebis ena marTlmadidebelTaTvis
berZnuli yofiliyo.10
amgvarad, korideTis xelnaweris minawerebi sayuradReboa istoriu-
li, eTnografiuli, eTnogeografiuli, enaTmecnieruli, filologiuri,
liturgikuli TvalsazrisiT. masSi daculia iuridiuli sabuTebi, mefe-
Ta, mTavarTa da mRvdelmoZRvarTa saxelebi; aseve Zvirfasi masala qar-
Tuli da berZnuli enebis istoriuli dialeqtologiisaTvis.

berZnuli minawerebis enobrivi da leqsikuri Taviseburebebi

berZnuli minawerebi avtorTa arasakmarisi ganaTlebiT gamowveul

siZneleebs Seicaven, rac gamoixateba mcdar orTografiaSi, azris naT-
lad gadmocemis nacvlad mis gabundovanebaSi da a. S. mag., bundovania si-
tyva o[knio~ (dedanSia ojknh), rac unda niSnavdes `mogzaurs~ (berZn. sabuT.
3: f. 132v) (yauxCiSvili 1967: 5). aseve gamoiyeneba sakmaod iSviaTad xmare-
buli caovw – `warwymeda~ (berZn. minaw. 7/9). (wereTeli 1937: 54).
minawerTa avtorebma ician maSindeli literaturuli ena, radgan
swor literaturul formebsac xmaroben (mag., progegram mevnwn) – berZn.
minaw. 2: ff. 72v-73r), magram amaT gverdiT gvxvdeba salaparako enis forme-
bi (mag., diagramevnwn, nacvlad diagegrammevnwn-isa – berZn. minaw. 5: f. 140v)
(yauxCiSvili 1967: 15-16).
minawerebSi SeiniSneba X-XI saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi gavrcelebu-
li sasaubro berZnuli ena: pontouri dialeqtis formebi. mag., oiJ a[dikoi
(Sdr. pontouri berZnulis oiJ luvtzoi = oiJ luvkoi) (Thumb 1910: 62); euJrevqen
(ebreqen K; pontouri berZnulis 3 sing. aor. pass.). berZnuli enis pontos
dialeqts axasiaTebs tz kompleqsiT C, j bgerebis gamoxatva. aseTivea
Dourstza (korideTis samxreTiT mdebare sofels amJamad hqvia durCa);

Ees dasturdeba XV-XVI saukuneebis xelnaweris S-3475 (ioane oqropiris

10

liturgiis Zveli qarTuli Targmanis) berZnuli transkripciuri

minawerebis liturgikuli saWiroebiT (maxaraZe 2003: 59-61).

51
qeTevan bezaraSvili

Fatzou~, Wtzaaka (ix. berZn. minaw. 7/8: f. 197v); aseve sakuTari saxelebi
...tzeba~, Kourtzevkh~ unda gamoxatavdes C, c, j, Z, bgerebs (berZn. minaw.
2: f. 72v-73r) (yauxCiSvili 1967: 15).
xalxuri formebidan aRsaniSnavia: yevma (i.e. xalxuri forma sityvi-
sa yeuvsma – tyuili); stevkei (steku K; xalxuri forma zmnisagan I{sthmi,
e[sthka – sthvkei (berZn. minaw. 7/8: f. 197v); Sivgno aris xalxuri forma
sityvisa sivgnon, i.e. signum, dasawyisi sityva Sua saukuneebis sabuTebSi
sabuTis Semdgeneli pirebis xelmowerebis aRsaniSnavad (yauxCiSvili
1967: 7, 9).
axalberZnuli daweriloba gamoiyeneba klasikuris nacvlad, mag.,
ixmareba Felarivou nacvlad Febrouarivou-si (berZn. minaw. 5: f. 140v); aseve
axali berZuli sityvis ajnifi-s gavleniT aris dawerili sityva anufeov~ (=
ajneuiov~), sadac sityvis SuaSi moTavsebulia i bgera, romlis arseboba am
sityvaSi mravaljer dasturdeba mogviano xanis ZeglebiT, qristianuli
warwerebiT dawyebuli (berZn. minaw. 6: f. 155r); aseTivea ajneyiov" (aniyeo"
– anuyeo" K), Sdr. to; anhvyi, oJ ajnhyiov~ axalberZnulSi, rac Zmiswuls ni-
Snavs (wereTeli 1937: 52; yauxCiSvili 1967: 7); iJerev" niSnavs iJereu" (berZn.
minaw. 1: f. 72v),A Sdr. axal xalxur berZnulSi SeniSnuli sityva basilev~
(= basileuv~). Aaxali xalxuri berZnulidan momdinareobs Tandebul ajpov-s
xmareba akuzativis brunvasTan:G ajpo; to;n jIwavnnhn (Acc. sic!) = ioanesgan
(berZn. minaw. 2: ff. 72v-73r) (yauxCiSvili 1967: 3).
garda pontouri xalxuri formebisa, berZnul minawerebs emCneva adg-
ilobrivi qarTuli formebis kvali.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. maxaraZe 2003: maxaraZe n., bizantiuri berZnulis fonetikis sakiTxe-

bi, II, Tb., 2003.
2. papuaSvili 2007: papuaSvili n., axali aRTqma da misi qarTuli Targ-
mani, Tb., 2007.
3. silogava 1986: istoriuli sabuTebi da sulTa matianeebi, svaneTis
werilobiTi Zeglebi X-XVII ss., I, teqstebi gamosacemad moamzada,
gamokvlevebi da samecniero-sacnobaro aparati daurTo v. siloga-
vam, Tb., 1986.
4. silogava 1986:  silogava v., korideTis sabuTebi (X-XIII ss.), Tb., 1989.
5. yauxCiSvili 1967a: yauxCiSvili s., korideTis oTxTavis berZnuli
minawerebi, georgika, VII, Tb., 1967.

52
 korideTis oTxTavis istoriisaTvis

6. yauxCiSvili 1967b: yauxCiSvili s., korideTis berZnuli saxarebis qa-

rTuli minawerebis daTariRebisaTvis, georgika VII, Tb., 1967.
7. SaraSiZe 1982: samxreT saqarTvelos istoriis masalebi (XIII-XV ss.),
qr. SaraSiZis gamocema, Tb., 1982.
8. wereTeli 1937: wereTeli g., korideTis xelnaweri da misi berZnuli
minawerebi, tf., 1937.
9. Aland 1994: The Greek New Testament, Former Editions edited by K. Aland, M.
Black, C.M. Martini, B.M. Metzger, A. Wikgren, Fourth revised Edition edited by B.
Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, in cooperation
with the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, Münster/Westpalia, United
Bible Societies, Stuttgart, 1994.
10. Amphoux 2007: Amphoux C. B., “Qu’est-ce que le type de texte “césaréen”?”, in:
Colloque international «Le texte biblique et son édition: Recherches sur les Evangiles
et les Psaumes», Tbilissi, 18-19 septembre, 2007.
11. Beermann... 1913: Beermann G., Gregory C.R., Die Koridethi-Evangelien Q 38,
Leipzig, 1913, mit 12 Tafeln und 2 Karten (800 pp.).
12. Blake 1928: Blake R.P., The Caesarean Texts of the Gospel of Mark, in: The
Harvard Theological review, XXX, 4 (1928).
13. Brosset 1870: Brosset M., Note sur un manuscript grec des quatre Evangiles, rap-
porté du Souaneth-Libre et appartenant au comte Panin, in: Mélanges Asiatiques,
t. VI, Octobre 1870.
14. Cangh... 2005: van Cangh J.M., Toumpsin A., L’Evangile de Marc. Un original
hébreu? (Langues et cultures anciennes, 4), Bruxelles, 2005 (p. 35: manuscripts en
onciale. Q: codex Coridethianus, IXe siècle, catégorie II).
15. Didier Lafleur 2007: Didier Lafleur, Le codex de Koridethi (Q. 038) et la famille
13: une nouvelle collation de l’evangile de Marc, in: Colloque international «Le
texte biblique et son édition: Recherches sur les Evangiles et les Psaumes», Tbilissi,
18-19 septembre 2007.
16. Hatch 1938: Hatch W., The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament,
Chicago, 1938, table XLIV.
17. Lake... 1923: Lake K., Blake R.F., The Text of the Gospels and the Koridethi-
Codex, in: The Harvard Theological Review, XVI, 3, July, 1923.
18. Lake 1928: Lake K., The Text of the New Testament, London, 1928.
19. Nestle 1901: Nestle E., Introduction to the Testual Criticism of the Greek New
Testament, London, 1901 (351 pp.), English translation from 2nd German ed. By
W. Eadie.
20. Zereteli 1937: Zereteli G., Der Koridethi-Kodex und seine griechische Beischriften,
Tb., 1937.
21. Бакрадзе 1861: Бакрадзе Д., Сванетия, Записки Кавказского Отдела
Императорского русского географического общества, Bd. 6 (1861).

53
qeTevan bezaraSvili

22. Бакрадзе 1887: Бакрадзе Д., Статьи по истории древностей Грузии, С-Пб, 1887.
23. Бартоломей 1853: Бартоломей A., Поездка в волной Сванетии 1853 года,
Записки Кавказского Отдела Императорского русского географического общества,
3 (1855).
24. Гранстрем 1950: Гранстрем Е., О связи кирилловского устава с византийским
унциалом, Византийский временник, III, М., 1950.
25. Гранстрем 1959: Гранстрем Е., Греческие рукописи Государственного Музея
Грузии им. акад. С.Н. Джанашия, Вестник Государственного Музея Грузии, ХХ-
В, 1959.
26. Гранстрем 1956: Гранстрем Е., Греческие рукописи в собраниях Советского
Союза, Византийский временник, XI, 1956.
27. Гранстрем 1968: Гранстрем Е., Унциальный период Византийской письменности,
Византийский временник, XXIX, М., 1968.
28. Фонкич 1974: Фонкич В. Л., Заметки о греческих рукописях Советских
хранилищ, Византийский временник, 36, 1974, рис. 4-7.
29. Кирион 1905: Кирион, Греческий пергаментный манускрирт четвероевангелия
найденный мною между рукописьями в Гелатском монастыре, Сборник
Орловского Церковно-Археологического комитета, т. 1, 1905.
30. Месгер 1996: Mecгер В. М., Текстология Нового Завета, М., 1996.
31. Уварова 1907: Евангелие от Магка из Коридетской рукописи, фототип. изд.
Зодена, I. Евсеева, Материалы по археологии Кавказа под редакцией графини
Уваровой, вып. XI, 1907 (=MAK).
32. Церетели 1937: Церетели Г., Коридетская рукопись и ее греческие приписки,
Тб., 1937.

Ketevan Bezarashvili

For the History of the Korideti Four Gospels

s u mmary

The article is about the 9th century famous Greek codex written in uncial script –
so-called Korideti Four Gospels which is kept at the National Centre of Manuscripts in
Tbilisi. It concerns the intriguing adventure of the manuscript, the history of study and
edition of the codex, the significance of this manuscript, especially, of the Gospel by
Marc which is of Caesarean type, for the study of the text history of the Four Gospels.
The article also deals with Georgian and Greek documentary inscriptions that were
placed in the margins of the manuscript during the centuries and their significance for
historical, social, ethnological etc. studies.

54