Lec 13 - Intro & Const. of Multiplexers

Intro. & Const.
of Multiplexers and their related Circuits

Faculty of Engineering - UCP
Logic Design & Switching Theory

Prof. Mohammad Salman Aslam
Faculty of Engineering
University of Central Punjab
Lecture No: 13
Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers –
Basic 2 to1– 4 to 1 – 8 to 1 Multiplexers –
Cascading MUXs for Larger Circuit Designs 1
Intro. & Const. of Multiplexers and their related Circuits
Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Functional Blocks
• Digital systems consists of

many components (blocks)
• Useful blocks needed in many
designs
• Arithmetic blocks
• Encoders
Examples
• Decoders of
• Multiplexers MSI devices
• Demultiplexers
iPhone motherboard (torontophonerepair.com)

2

Multiple Sources Selector Single Destination
MP3 Player
Docking Station
D0
Laptop
MUX
D1
Sound Card Y
D2
D3
Surround Sound System
Digital B A Selected Source

Satellite
0 0 MP3
0 1 Laptop
1 0 Satellite
Digital
Cable TV 1 1 Cable TV 3
3

 Multiplexer or (MUX) is a type of combinational based
circuit where “Selects” binary information from one of many

input lines and directs it to a single output line.
 MUX is also known as the “Data Selector” circuit,
 Selection is controlled by a particular set of inputs lines whose
number depends on the number of the data input lines.
 For a 2n-to-1 multiplexer, there are 2n data input lines and n
selection lines whose bit combination determines which input
is selected.
OR
 A Multiplexer is a combinational circuit which has a single
output and it directs one of 2n input to the output. Choosing
which input is directing to output is done using n select lines
4

 A multiplexer (MUX) is a digital switch which connects
data from one of n sources to the output.

 A number of select inputs determine which data source is
connected to the output. 1Y
D0
Multiplexer
Enable EN
s bits 2Y
Select SEL D1
Data
b bits output . .
D0
Y . .
b bits
D1 . .
bY
n Data . Dn-1
Sources .
b bits
Dn-1 SEL EN 5

Enable
2n Data One Data

Inputs Output
n Input
Select Lines
6

Basic 2x1 Multiplexer (MUX)
•
A basic 2x1 multiplexer (MUX) has 2 inputs, 1 output and 1 select line
D0 D0
2x1
Y Y
D1 MUX D1
S0
Logic Circuit Diagram
D0 D 1 S0 Y S0 Y
d0 d1 0 d0 0 D0
d0 d1 1 d1 1 D1
S0
• Y=D0 for S0=0, and Y=D1 for S0=1
• Minimizing will result in: Y = S0’.D0 + S0.D1
Logic circuit Equation
7

D0
MUX
D1
Y
D2
D3
B A
B A Y
0 0 D0
0 1 D1
1 0 D2
1 1 D3
8

D0
D1
Input
Data
D2
D3
A
Select
Line
B
Y Output
9 9
D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3 Data

10

Figure: Basic 4x1 Multiplexer (MUX) Waveform Diagram

11

• A 4x1 MUX has 4 input lines (D0, D1, D2, D3) , 1 output Y, and 2 Select
Lines (S0, S1)
• The output for different select values is defined as:
S0S1 = 00, Y = D0
S0S1 = 01, Y = D1
S0S1 = 10, Y = D2
S0S1 = 11, Y = D3
Y = S1S0D0 + S1S0D1 + S1S0D2 + S1S0D3
• The output Y depends on the minterms of the Select lines
12

• A basic 4X1 multiplexer (MUX) has 4 inputs, 1 output and 2 select line
Inputs Inputs
I0 I0
0
I1 4:1 I1
1
MUX Mux Y
I2 2 Y I2
Output
I3 3 I3
S1 S0
S1 S 0
Block Diagrams for 4X1 MUX
select select
I0 I1 I2 I3 S1 S0 Y S1 S0 Y
d0 d1 d2 d3 0 0 d0 0 0 I0
d0 d1 d2 d3 0 1 d1 0 1 I1
d0 d1 d2 d3 1 0 d2 1 0 I2
d0 d1 d2 d3 1 1 d3 1 1 I3
Truth table for a 4-to-1 multiplexer 13
Basic 4x1 Multiplexer (MUX) Circuit

I0 I0
I1 I1
Y Y
I2 I2
I3 I3
0 1 2 3
2-to-4
Decoder
S1 S0 S1 S0
Figure: Const. of 4-to1 Multiplexer using 2-to-4 Decoder 14


Construction of Larger Multiplexers using smaller Multiplexers
 Larger multiplexers can be constructed from smaller ones.

 An 8-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from smaller
multiplexers as shown:
I0
I1
S2 S1 S0 Y
4:1
I2 MUX 0 0 0 I0
I3 0 0 1 I1
2:1 0 1 0 I2
S1 S0 MUX Y 0 1 1 I3
I4 1 0 0 I4
I5 4:1 1 0 1 I5
I6 MUX 1 1 0 I6
S2
I7 1 1 1 I7
S1 S0 15

Construction of Larger Multiplexers using smaller Multiplexers
 A 16-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from five 4-to-1

multiplexers:
16
Quad 2x1 MUX

A0
• A MUX for two 4-bit
A1
numbers.
A2 Y0
• Has a 4-bit output and a QUAD
A3 Y1
single select line
B0 2X1 Y2
• Y = A If S0 = 0
B1 MUX Y3
• Y = B if S0 = 1 B2
B3
S0
17

Quad 2x1 MUX
• Can be built using four 2x1 MUXes
A0 2x1 A1 2x1
Y0 Y1
B0 MUX B1 MUX
S0 S0
A2 2x1 A3 2x1
Y2 Y3
B2 MUX B3 MUX
S0 S0
18

Standard MSI Multiplexer Example
74151A 8-to-1 multiplexer.
19

Multiplexer based Design examples
• A MUX can be used to implement any function expressed using
its minterms
 Example 1: Implement F(A,B,C)=∑(1,2,6,7) using MUXes
 Solution1: We can use a MUX with the number of select lines
equal to the number of input variables of the function. Since this
function has 3 input variables, it will require 3 select lines, i.e.
an 8x1 MUX A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
F(A,B,C)=∑(1,2,6,7)
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
20
1 1 1 1

MUX-based Design (n-Select lines)
F(A,B,C)=∑(1,2,6,7)
A B C F D0
0 0 0 0 D1
0 0 1 1 D2
0 1 0 1 D3
0 1 1 0 F
D4
1 0 0 0
D5
1 0 1 0 S
D6
S1 0
1 1 0 1 S2
1 1 1 1 D7
A B C
21

MUX-based Design (n-Select lines)
F(A,B,C)=∑(1,2,6,7)
A B C F 0 D0
0 0 0 0 1 D1
0 0 1 1 1 D2
0 1 0 1 0 D3
0 1 1 0
0
F
D4
1 0 0 0
0 D5
1 0 1 0 S
1 D6
S1 0
1 1 0 1 S2
1 D7
1 1 1 1
A B C
22

MUX-based Design (n-1 Select lines)
• Implement the function F(A,B,C) =∑(1,2,6,7)

• We will use 2 select lines instead of the 3 required for the
three input variables
A  S1, B  S0
• The third variable C and its complement will serve as two

of the inputs to the MUX
23

 Combinational Circuit Implementation

- How to choose the selection inputs?
Fig. below shows how to Implement a Boolean Function with a Multiplexer
24

A B C F
0 0 0 0
F=C F(A,B,C)=∑(1,2,6,7)
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 C D0
F = C’ C’
0 1 1 0 D1
F
0 D2
1 0 0 0 S1 S0
F=0 1 D3
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 A B
F=1
1 1 1 1
25

MUX-based Design Examples
Example 2: Implement the function

F(A,B,C,D)=∑(1,3,4,11,12,13,14,15)
Solution: We can implement this function with 3 Select lines
=> an 8x1 MUX is required
26

A B C D F MUX-based Design Example 2 (cont.)
0 0 0 0 0 F=D
0 0 0 1 1
F(A,B,C,D)=∑(1,3,4,11,12,13,14,15)
0 0 1 0 0 F=D
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 F = D’ D D0
0 1 0 1 0 D1
0 1 1 0 0 F=0 D2
0 1 1 1 0 8x1 F
0 D3
1 0 0 0 0 F=0 D4 MUX
1 0 0 1 0
D5
1 0 1 0 0 F=D
1 D6
1 0 1 1 1
D7 S2 S1 S0
1 1 0 0 1 F=1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 F=1
1 1 1 1 1 A B C 27
Fig: Quadruple 2-to-1 Line Multiplexer

28
 Multiplexer Expansion 0 0
1 1 4x1
- 8x1 Mux by two 4x1 Muxes 2 2 mux Y
& one 2x1 Mux 3 3
S0 S1
0
- 64x1 by four 16x1 & one 2x1
4x1? mux Y
4 0 1
5 1 4x1 S0
- 8x1 by two 4x1 with Enable
6 2 mux Y
and tri-state output? 7 3
S0 S1
S0 S1 S2 29

Medium Scale Integration Multiplexers
4-to-1 MUX 8-to-1 MUX 16-to-1 MUX
Inputs Output (Y)

(and inverted output)
Select
Enable
30

Lec 13 - Intro & Const. of Multiplexers

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Intro. & Const.

of Multiplexers and their related Circuits

Logic Design & Switching Theory

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

• Digital systems consists of

iPhone motherboard (torontophonerepair.com)

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Surround Sound System

Digital B A Selected Source

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

circuit where “Selects” binary information from one of many

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

data from one of n sources to the output.

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

2n Data One Data

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Basic 4x1 Multiplexer (MUX)

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Figure: Basic 4x1 Multiplexer (MUX) Waveform Diagram

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Y = S1S0D0 + S1S0D1 + S1S0D2 + S1S0D3

• The output Y depends on the minterms of the Select lines

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Basic 4x1 Multiplexer (MUX) Circuit

Figure: Const. of 4-to1 Multiplexer using 2-to-4 Decoder 14

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

 Larger multiplexers can be constructed from smaller ones.

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

 A 16-to-1 multiplexer can be constructed from five 4-to-1

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Quad 2x1 MUX

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

• Can be built using four 2x1 MUXes

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

74151A 8-to-1 multiplexer.

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

• Implement the function F(A,B,C) =∑(1,2,6,7)

• The third variable C and its complement will serve as two

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

 Combinational Circuit Implementation

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Example 2: Implement the function

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Fig: Quadruple 2-to-1 Line Multiplexer

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

Introduction & Construction of Multiplexers

4-to-1 MUX 8-to-1 MUX 16-to-1 MUX

Inputs Output (Y)

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