Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Analysis of Strip Footing Using Plaxis 2D: Dr. V. G. Mutalikdesai, Akshay V. Mutalik Desai
Analysis of Strip Footing Using Plaxis 2D: Dr. V. G. Mutalikdesai, Akshay V. Mutalik Desai
Abstract: For foundation design, an appropriate knowledge of Geotechnical analyses are generally carried out by treating the
load – deformation behavior of soil beneath the footing is soil as a single homogeneous layer with uniform soil
important. Therefore, the estimation of bearing capacity and properties or as a multilayered medium with layer wise
settlement of the soil below the foundation assumes importance. uniform properties. Numerical techniques such as finite
In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze load –
difference or finite element methods have facilitated modeling
settlement behavior of strip footing resting on soil mediums
ranging from homogeneous c-soils to φ-soils and acted upon by the layer wise uniform material—variation of soil properties
axial, inclined and eccentric loads using PLAXIS 2D, a FEM in the horizontal direction is generally ignored. This may be
based geotechnical software. The failure loads are recorded in due to the fact that the variation in the horizontal direction is
each of the cases and are compared with those obtained from the not so significant in many situations and a greater number of
various bearing capacity theories. boreholes is required to establish this horizontal variation,
Key Words: Strip footing, PLAXIS-2D, FEM. which is impractical due to economic considerations.
In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze load
I. INTRODUCTION – settlement behavior of strip footing resting on soil mediums
ranging from homogeneous c-soils to φ-soils and acted upon
T he stress distribution in soil underneath a foundation is
significant in geotechnical engineering. The additional
stress caused by the external load in soil may depend on
by axial, inclined and eccentric loads using PLAXIS 2D, a
FEM based geotechnical software.
factors such as value of the applied load, properties of the soil,
II. METHODOLOGY AND MODELING
and dimensions of the loaded area.
PLAXIS-2D, a finite element software for geotechnical
The bearing-capacity problem has been one of the earliest
analysis is used in the present study. The following
subjects in geotechnical engineering, for which various
methodology is adopted.
methods have been extensively applied. These methods may
be performed either analytically or experimentally. The 1) The Load-Settlement behavior of strip footings resting
analytical methods involve the slip line approach, limit on the soil mediums covering varieties of soils, i.e.,
equilibrium approach, limit analysis, numerical approaches from C-soil to φ-soil, as mentioned above using
and limit analysis in combination with numerical approaches. PLAXIS 2D software is done.
2) The Load-Settlement behavior of strip footing under
Experimental work includes laboratory or in situ full-scale
different loading conditions such as axial, inclined and
and centrifuge tests. The bearing-capacity topic is more
eccentric, using PLAXIS 2D software is done.
challenging when complicated cases are encountered, for
3) The results of PLAXIS 2D analysis are compared with
example, when the foundation width becomes large in
the results obtained from various bearing capacity
comparison with the soil thickness or when the soil profile is
theories such as Terzaghi’s, Brinch Hansen’s,
non-homogeneous.
Meyerhoff’s and I S Code Method.
Most geotechnical analyses in general practice are treated as
The properties of different soil mediums and footing are
deterministic. These involve analyses using representative
enumerated in the following tables.
values of design parameters, usually an average or the lowest
value obtained from field and/or laboratory test results and Table 1: Material Properties of Soft Clay
application of a suitable factor of safety to arrive at an
allowable loading condition. However, in nature, soil
parameters such as physical, strength and hydraulic properties
generally vary spatially in both the horizontal and vertical
directions. The distribution of these soil properties at a site
depends on the heterogeneity of constituent materials forming
the soil matrix, the geological history of soil formation and its
continuous modification by nature. A uniform soil condition
is rarely encountered in practical problems. In most site
conditions, soil properties show a significant variation over
space.
www.rsisinternational.org Page 33
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
Fig.3 Load – Settlement curve for different soils under axial Loading
www.rsisinternational.org Page 34
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
Fig.5 Load – Settlement Curve for footing on soft clay under eccentric Fig.9 Load – Settlement Curve for footing on dense sand under eccentric
loading for different eccentricities. loading for different eccentricities
Fig.6 Load – Settlement Curve for footing on stiff clay under eccentric Fig.10 Load – Settlement curves for footing on different soils under eccentric
loading for different eccentricities. loading, for e/B = 0.2
Fig.7. Load – Settlement Curve for footing on sandy clay under eccentric Fig.11 Failure loads for footing on different soil mediums under eccentric
loading for different eccentricities loading.
www.rsisinternational.org Page 35
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
Fig.14 Failure loads for footing on different soils under inclined loading
Fig.13 Load – Settlement curve for footing on different soils under inclined
loading.
www.rsisinternational.org Page 36
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
Fig.15 Comparison of failure loads under axial loading Fig.18 Comparison of failure loads under inclined loading (Except Dense
Sand)
Fig.16 Comparison of failure loads under axial loading (Except Dense Sand)
Fig.20 Comparison of failure loads under eccentric loading for e/B = 0.2
(Except Dense Sand)
www.rsisinternational.org Page 37
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VI, June 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705
Fig.21 and Fig.22 indicate that the pattern of variation of For eccentric load case the failure loads for stiff clay
failure loads obtained by PLAXIS 2D and various theories are and sandy clay are comparable for smaller
in good agreement for all the soils considered except for eccentricity of the load though a little variation is
Dense Sand. seen at higher eccentricities.
The values obtained by all theories and PLAXIS 2D values For eccentric load case the failure loads for Soft Clay
are in good agreement for Soft Clay. The values obtained by are smaller compared to all other soils for all
PLAXIS 2D are lower for Stiff Clay and higher for Sandy eccentricities of the load. Similarly, the failure loads
Clay compared to the values obtained by other theories. The for Sand are higher than Soft Clay, Stiff Clay, and
values predicted by PLAXIS 2D are much lower compared to Sandy Clay for all eccentricities of the load. The
the values obtained by other theories for Dense Sand. failure loads for the Dense Sand are much higher
compared to other soils.
For inclined load case the PLAXIS 2D failure loads
are less compared to the values obtained by other
theories for all soils considered.
The load-settlement and failure of Soft Clay and
Sandy Clay needs to be reinvestigated for inclined
loading case.
For eccentric load case, the pattern of variation of
failure loads obtained by PLAXIS 2D and various
theories are in good agreement for all the soils
considered except for Dense Sand.
The values obtained by all theories and PLAXIS 2D
values are in good agreement for Soft Clay. The
Fig.21 Comparison of Failure Loads under Eccentric Loading for e/B = 0.15 values obtained by PLAXIS 2D are lower for Stiff
Clay and higher for Sandy Clay compared to the
values obtained by other theories. The values
predicted by PLAXIS 2D are much lower compared
to the values obtained by other theories for Dense
Sand.
REFERENCES
[1]. Sven Krabbenhoft, Lars Damkilde and Kristian Krabbenhoft
(2014), ―Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings in Cohesionless Soil
Subject to Eccentric and Inclined Loads‖, InternationalJournal of
Geomechanics,ASCE, ISSN 1532-3641/04014003(18).
[2]. Swami Saran and R. K. Agarwal (1991), ―Bearing Capacity Of
Eccentrically Obliquely Loaded Footing‖, Journal of Geotechnical
Fig.22 Comparison of Failure Loads under Eccentric Loading for e/B = 0.15 Engineering, Vol. 117, No. 11, November, 1991, ASCE, ISSN
(Except Dense Sand) 0733-9410/91/0011-1669.
[3]. George G. Meyerhof and Tatsuya Koumoto (1987), ―Inclination
V. CONCLUSIONS Factors For Bearing Capacity Of Shallow Footings‖, Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering,Vol. 113, No. 9, September, 1987,
The PLAXIS 2D can be effectively used for ASCE, ISSN 0733-9410/87/0009-1013.
[4]. Mahmoud Ghazavi and Amir Hossein Eghbali (2013), ―New
modelling and analysis of strip footings.
Geometric Average Method forCalculation ofUltimate Bearing
The failure loads increase as the soil medium Capacity of Shallow Foundationson Stratified Sands‖,International
varies from soft clay to dense sand (i.e., C soil to φ Journal ofGeomechanics, Vol. 13, No. 2, April 1, 2013, ASCE,
soil) for axial loading case. ISSN 1532-3641/2013/2-101–108.
[5]. ElifCicek, ErolGuler and TemelYetimoglu (2014), ―Comparison
The failure loads decrease with increasing of Measured and Theoretical PressureDistribution below Strip
eccentricity of the load for all types of soils. Footings on Sand Soil‖, International Journal ofGeomechanics,
For eccentric load case, the ultimate load decreases ASCE, ISSN 1532-3641/06014009(8).
as the eccentricity of load increases for all type of
soils.
www.rsisinternational.org Page 38