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Workbook Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Workbook Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
8. Electrochemical Cells. WS 7
17. Test.
Worksheet #1 Redox Half Reactions and Reactions
Define each
1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Oxidizing agent
4. Reducing agent
Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction.
5. Al
6. S
7. O-2
8. Ba2+
9. N3-
10. Br2
11. P
12. Ca
13 Ga3+
14. S
15. H2
16. H+
17. F-
18. P3-
Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the
reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.
21. O2 & Ca
Write the oxidation and reduction reactions for each redox reaction. The first one is done for you.
23. Fe2+ + Co ⇄ Co2+ + Fe
Oxidation:
Reduction:
25. Cu2+ + Pb ⇄ Pb2+ + Cu
Oxidation:
Reduction:
Oxidation:
Reduction:
27. Co2+ + 2 F- ⇄ Co + F2
Oxidation:
Reduction:
28. There are nine formulas for oxidizing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only
consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you.
Zn2+
29. There are nine formulas for reducing agents from questions 19 to 28. List them all. Only
consider formulas that are on the left side of any equation. The first one is done for you.
Al
Worksheet #2 Redox Half Reactions and Reactions
a) CO _____ b) C _____
3. Cl2 + F- → F2 + 2Cl-
8. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for
the reaction that would occur.
9. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for
the reaction that would occur.
10. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation
for the reaction that would occur. (HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)
11. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Au container? If the answer is no, write a balanced equation
for the reaction that would occur. (Remember, HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)
O2 Cl- Fe Na+
16. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.
17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method.
Al & AgNO3
O2 Cl- Fe Na+
Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place
in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.
1. S2O32- → SO42-
2. MnO4- → Mn2+
3. As → AsO43-
4. Cr3+ → Cr2O72-
5. Pb2+ → PbO2
6. SO42- → S
7. NO3- → NO
8. NO3- → NH4+
9. BrO3- → Br2
Balancing Half Cell Reactions
10. NO3- → NO
12. As → AsO43-
15. SO42- → S
CaO → Ca ________________
IO3- → I2 ________________
Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method.
1. O2- + F2
2. Al + O2
3. K + Zn+2
4. Cr2O72 -
→ Cr3+
5. NO → NO3-
6. SO42- → SO2
7. MnO2 → Mn2O3
Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method.
Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.
State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither. Use oxidation #s. Remember that if the
oxidation # increases it means oxidation and when it decreases it mean reduction!
21. O2 → O2-
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Oxidizing agent
d) Reducing agent
2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents.
a) Na
b) Ca
c) Al3+
d) F1-
e) N2
f) O2-
3. Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method.
a) Ca + Al(NO3)3
b) Sn + AgNO3
c) Sn + Au(NO3)3
6. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the oxidizing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
7. Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
8. Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
9. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order
of decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
10. Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
Classify as oxidation, reduction or neither.
14. IO3- → I2
16. Determine the oxidizing and reducing agent. Balance in acidic solution.
20. Can you keep HCl in a Zn container? Explain? What about an Au container?
Classify as an oxidizing agent, reducing agent or both based on its position on the table.
State the Eo or voltage of its position. Some of these are both, so state two voltages and indicate that it
can be an oxidizing and reducing agent.
Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each.
Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction.
34.
35.
36.
2. If there are two possible reduction reactions, the one on the chart occurs.
4. For oxidation, the chart is read from to and the sign of the
voltage is .
5. If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the one on the chart occurs.
6. Corrosion of a metal is .
15. 250.0 mL of 0.200 M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of
MnO2 are produced? This is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry.
2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O → 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-
Salt bridge
Electrolyte
Anode
Cathode
Spontaneous
Electron affinity
18. What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq)? Write a
reaction and calculate Eo.
20. 250.0 mL of 0.500 M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the
[SO3-2] 2MnO4- + 3SO32- + H2O → 2MnO2 + 3SO42- + 2OH-
21. How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to
look this up in your textbook?
Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and
overall equation.
1. Ag / Pb electrochemical cell.
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: Voltage:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: MTV:
3. CuSO4(aq) electrolytic cell (electrowinning)
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: MTV:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: MTV:
5. The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is and its phase is
(molten or aqueous).
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Possible Electrolyte:
1. Zn / Mg electrochemical cell
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: Voltage:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Overall reaction: MTV
4. The electrorefining of Pb
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Anode: Cathode:
Anode reaction: Cathode reaction:
Electrolyte
The -ve side of the power supply is connected to the
10. Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd
electrode gains mass and the total cell potential is 0.5 v. Determine the half-cell potential for
Cd.
11. Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a Zn/C, fuel, alkaline and
lead/acid cell.
15. Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell.
16. Describe and give two examples of electrowinning.
18. List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution.
19. List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution.
Fuel cell,
Alkaline battery
Dry Cell (Leclanche)
Lead acid battery
21. State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron
from corrosion.
22. Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron.
23. Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in
air and water.
25. Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2(l) electrolyte.
a) Fuel cell
b) Charging a car battery
c) Discharging a car battery
d) Ni plating
e) Industrial Al production
f) Cl2 production
29. Write the anode and cathode reactions for each of the above processes.
30. Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in
decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength.
1.0 M KNO3
Mg Ag
Pt Pt
1 M CuSO4
1 M Mg(NO3)2 1 M AgNO3
A. is oxidized
B. is called the cathode
C. gains mass at the electrode
D. decreases in oxidation number
A. Cu2+
B. Pb2+
C. Ni2+
D. Sn2+
3. Metallic platinum reacts spontaneously with Au3+(aq) but does not react with Ag+(aq). The metals,
in order of increasing strength as reducing agents, are
A. Ag, Pt, Au
B. Pt, Au, Ag
C. Au, Ag, Pt
D. Au, Pt, Ag
4. MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O The oxidizing agent in the reaction is
A. Fe2+
B. Fe3+
C. Mn2+
D. MnO4-
A. Fe3+ to Fe2+
B. Fe2+ to MnO4-
C. MnO4- to Fe2+
D. MnO4- to Mn2+
A. Cu
B. Fe
C. Sn
D. Zn
8. A spontaneous redox reaction occurs when a piece of iron is placed in 1.0 M CuSO4. The
reducing agent is
A. Fe
B. Cu2+
C. H2O
D. SO42-
A. loses protons
B. gains protons
C. loses electrons
D. gains electrons
10. A strip of titanium, Ti, is placed in 1.0 M Sn(NO3)2. The shiny surface of the titanium darkens,
indication that a reaction has occurred. From this observation it may be concluded that
11. Consider the following redox reaction : Hg2+ + Cu → Hg + Cu2+ . In this reaction, Hg2+
is a
A. loses mass
B. is oxidized
C. is the oxidizing agent
D. increases in oxidization number
13. Samples of Uranium, Vanadium and Yttrium (U, V, Y) were placed in solutions containing the
metallic ions U3+, V2+, and Y3+. The following observations were recorded.
A. increases by 2
B. increases by 4
C. increases by 8
D. does not change
A. I2
B. H+
C. Fe2+
D. IO3-
A. NO3- → NO
B. N2O4 → NI3
C. NH3 → NH4+
D. NO2 → N2O5
6. Consider the following half reaction: Sb2O3 + 6H+ + 6e- ⇄ 2Sb + 3H2O
The oxidation number of antimony in Sb2O3
A. increases by 3
B. increases by 6
C. decreases by 3
D. decreases by 6
A. +2
B. 0
C. +4
D. +1/2
A. H2O
B. MnO4-
C. CH3CHO
D. CH3COOH
A. H2
B. NaH
C. H2O
D. KOH
A. reduction
B. oxidation
C. neutralization
D. decomposition
14. Consider the following redox reaction: Al + MnO4- + 2H2O →Al(OH)4- + MnO2
The chemical species being oxidized is
A. Al
B. MnO4-
C. Al(OH)4-
D. MnO2
A. I-
B. I2
C. H+
D. ClO3-
A. N2
B. NO2
C. NH3
D. HNO3
A. reduction
B. oxidation
C. electrolysis
D. neutralization
A. +2
B. +3
C. +4
D. +6
20. Consider the following redox reaction:
A. Cl2
B. Cr3+
C. H2O
D. Cr2O72-
A. -0.86 V
B. -0.60 V
C. +0.60 V
D. +0.86 V
2. Which of the following systems would be correct if the zinc half-cell would have been chosen
as the standard instead of the hydrogen half-cell?
3. Three beakers contain 1.0 M CuCl2. A piece of metal is placed in each of the beakers
Reactions occur in
A. beaker 2 only
B. beakers 1, 2, and 3
C. beakers 1 and 2 only
D. beakers 1 and 3 only
5. What two substances are produced when Cr and 1.0 M MnO4- react in a basic solution?
A. I-
B. I2
C. Cl-
D. Cl2
7. The substances H2O2, H3PO4 and H2SO3 in order of increasing strengths as oxidizing agents
are.
A. +0.06 V
B. +0.39 V
C. +1.21 V
D. +1.54 V
9. A solution of 1.0 M Co(NO3)2 should be stored in a container made of
A. tin
B. zinc
C. aluminum
D. magnesium
11. The two species which react spontaneously in acidic solutions are
A. IO3- and I2
B. SO42- and S
C. BrO3- and Br -
D. AuCl4- and Au
13. Referring to the data booklet, which of the following can act as an oxidizing agent but not as a
reducing agent?
A. Zn
B. Cl-
C. Sn2+
D. Fe3+
15. In a redox reaction, ClO- was converted to Cl- in a basic solution. The balanced half-reaction
for this process is
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Zn Pb
1M Zn(NO3)2 1M Pb(NO3)2
A. -0.89 V
B. -0.63 V
C. +0.63 V
D. +0.89 V
A. Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn
B. Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb
C. Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
D. Pb → Pb2+ + 2e-
A. Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn
B. Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb
C. Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
D. Pb → Pb2+ + 2e-
7. Which of the following is formed at the anode during the electrolysis of 1.0 M NaI?
A. I2
B. O2
C. H2
D. Na
Power Source
- +
Pt Pt
A. Molten
towards theMgCl
anode
2 through the wire
B. towards the cathode through the wire
C. towards the anode through the salt bridge
D. towards the cathode through the salt bridge
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Mg Cu
1 M Mg(NO3)2 1 M CuSO4
A. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-
B. Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
C. Mg → Mg2+ + 2e-
D. Mg2+ + 2e- → Mg
A. 2.03 V
B. 2.52 V
C. 2.71 V
D. 2.89 V
13. Which of the following aqueous solutions produces H2(g) and O2(g) during electrolysis
A. 1.0 M KI
B. 1.0 M CuI2
C. 1.0 M K2SO4
D. 1.0 M CuSO4
14. In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is
1.0 M KNO3
Ni Ag
1 M Ni(NO3)2 1 M AgNO3
A. -1.06 V
B. -0.54 V
C. +0.54 V
D. +1.06 V
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Au Pb
1 M Au(NO3)3 1 M Pb(NO3)2
18. The direction of the electron flow is
A. -1.37 V
B. 0.00 V
C. 1.37 V
D. 1.63 V
22. In which of the following unbalanced equations does chromium undergo oxidation?
A. Cr3+ → Cr
B. Cr3+ → Cr2+
C. Cr3+ → Cr2O72-
D. CrO42- → Cr2O72-
1. The corrosion of iron can be prevented by attaching a piece of zinc to the iron because
the
2. An iron spoon is electroplated with copper. The equation representing the reduction
reaction is
A. oxidation of anions
B. reduction of cations
C. reduction at the anode
D. oxidation at the cathode
A. dry cell
B. fuel cell
C. alkaline cell
D. lead-acid storage cell
Power Source
- +
Iron Key Pt
1.0 M CuSO4
9. In the electrolysis of molten PbBr2, the products at the anode and cathode are
CATHODE
(INERT)
A. ANODE
B. (INERT)
C. Br2 H2
D. O2 Pb
Pb Br2
Br2 Pb
Cathode
A.
B. Anode
C. Cu Mg
D.
Mg Cu
Ag Pb
Pb Ag
A. Pb2+ + 2e- → Pb
B. Pb → Pb2+ + 2e-
C. Ag+ + e- → Ag
D. Ag → Ag+ + e-
14. Which of the following ions can be reduced from an aqueous solution
A. Ba2+
B. Al3+
C. Sn2+
D. Na+
A. produce fuel
B. electrolyze fuel
C. produce hydrogen
D. produce electricity
A. Ni → Ni2+ + 2e-
B. Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni
C. Au → Au3+ + 3e-
D. Au3+ + 3e- → Au
A. is reduced
B. loses mass
C. is the reducing agent
D. is the site of reduction
19. When 1.0 M NaI is electrolyzed, bubbles of gas form on one electrode and a reddish-brown
substance forms on the other. The half-reaction at the cathode is
A. 2I- → I2 + 2e-
B. Na+ + e- → Na
C. H2O + ½ O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
D. 2H2O +2e- → H2 + 2OH-
1. Which of the following metals could be used to cathodically protect a sample of lead?
A. iron
B. gold
C. silver
D. copper
A. making it a cathode
B. placing it in an acidic solution
C. attaching a small piece of lead to it
D. attaching a small piece of gold to it
3. To determine the [Fe2+] in a solution of FeSO4 by a redox titration, a suitable reagent would
be an acidified solution of
A. Cr3+
B. Mn2+
C. SO42-
D. Cr2O72-
4. As a metal corrodes,
A. it gains electrons
B. it becomes reduced
C. it acts as a reducing agent
D. its oxidation number decreases
A. Mn
B. Cu
C. Pb
D. Sn
A. Br2
B. SO2
C. H2O
D. Na2SO4
9. The reaction that occurs when pieces of lead, zinc, copper and silver are placed in a solution
of Ni(NO3)2 is
A. Pb + Ni2+ → Pb2+ + Ni
B. Zn + Ni2+ → Zn2+ + Ni
C. Cu + Ni2+ → Cu2+ + Ni
D. 2Ag + Ni2+ → 2Ag+ + Ni
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Pb Cu
1M Pb(NO3)2 1M Cu(NO3)2
A. 0.03 V
B. 0.21 V
C. 0.29 V
D. 0.47 V
12. A reaction that occurs during the corrosion of iron is
A. Fe + 3e- → Fe3+
B. Fe → Fe2+ + 2e-
C. Fe2+ + 2e- → Fe
D. Fe3+ + e- → Fe2+
A. 0.0131 L
B. 0.0262 L
C. 0.200 L
D. 0.400 L
5. Will AgNO3 react with Zn? Write a balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo
6. What would happen if you used an iron spoon to stir a solution of Al2(SO4)3(aq) ? Write a
balanced redox reaction and calculate Eo.
7. What are the differences between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?
8. What are the similarities between an electrochemical cell and an electrolytic cell?
9. State how you would determine each of the following in an electrochemical or electrolytic
cell.
10. Draw an operating electrochemical cell using an Al half-cell and a Mg half-cell. Label the
parts of the electrochemical cell including the anode or cathode, and all reagents and materials
used. Write the reactions and determine the E0.
11. Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of aqueous
1.0 M NaI.
Anode :
Cathode :
12. Write the half reaction that occurs at each electrode during the electrolysis of molten NaI.
Anode :
Cathode :
13. Aluminum is produced industrially from aluminum oxide, Al2O3. Demonstrate your
understanding of this process by
(iii) Describing how the problem of the high melting point ofAl2O3 is overcome.
Based on these observations, a student concludes that Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously.
List the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength. Write reduction reactions for each.
Determine the strongest reducing agent. Determine if Ga+3 and Al will react spontaneously.
15. Balance the equation for the following half reaction occurring in acid solution:
V(s) → HV2O73-
17. 250.0 ml 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO32-. How many grams of MnO2 are produced?
19. 250.0 mL of 0.500M MnO4- are required to titrate a 100.0 ml sample of SO3-2. Calculate the
[SO3-2]
20. How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine BAC? Write the reaction and describe how
it works.
22. Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- toClO4- in a redox titration.
a) Fuel cell
e) Industrial Al production
f) Cl2 production
g) Electrowinning
24) Which of the reactants is gaining electrons? Which of the reactants is the oxidizing agent?
Pd2+ + Au → no reaction
Pd2+ + Hg → no reaction
List the oxidizing agents from strongest to weakest. List the reducing agents from strongest to
weakest. Predict if the reaction will occur.
Au3+ + Cu →
26) Match each type of electrolytic cell with the example cell.
Electroplating Pure Pb is reduced at the cathode while impure Pb oxidizes at the anode
Leclanche or
Common Dry
Cell
Alkaline Cell
Lead Storage or
Car Battery
Fuel Cell
28. Which of the above cells requires continuous input of O2 and H2 and is produced by Ballard
Industries.
29. List the anode, cathode, anode reaction, cathode reaction, and electrolyte for each commercial
electrolytic cell.
Electrolysis of
Molten Al2O3
Electrolysis of
Aqueous NaCl
Silver-plating a
Cu plating
Electrorefining
pure Pb from
impure Pb
salt bridge
electrolyte
anode
cathode
spontaneous
electron affinity
cation
anion
electrochemical
cell
electrolytic cell
oxidation number
electrolysis
oxidation
reduction
oxidizing agent
reducing agent
electrode
corrosion
electrowinning
electrorefining
over potential
effect
fuel cell
31. Define corrosion of a metal, and illustrate your definition with reference to an example, using
appropriate equations. Give TWO methods by which corrosion can be prevented and describe
how each method works. The two methods must involve different chemical principles.
33. A2+ does not react with B, while C2+ reacts with B. Rank the oxidizing agents in decreasing
order of strength. Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. Will A2+ react with
C?
34. Write half reactions for each using the reduction table and list the half-cell potential.
Half Reaction Eo
oxidation of water
reduction of water
oxidation of H2 in water
oxidation of H2 in acid
oxidation of H2 in base
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Zn Cu
1 M Zn(NO3)2 1 M Cu(NO3)2
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
H2(g)
Cu
1 M HCl 1 M Cu(NO3)2
C C
Molten Al2O3
Anode Reaction
Cathode Reaction
38. Completely analyze the following electrolytic cell. Note that the electrodes are not inert and
because of that, the anode might oxidize.
Power Source
- +
Cu Cu
1 M NaF
Anode Reaction
Cathode Reaction
The MTV
1. The following represents the process used to produce iron from iron III oxide:
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2 What is the reducing agent in this process?
A. Fe
B. CO
C. CO2
D. Fe2O3
2. Consider the following reaction: 2HNO2 + 2I- + 2H+ → 2NO + I2 +2H2O
The oxidation number for each nitrogen atom
A. increases by 1
B. increases by 2
C. decreases by 1
D. decreases by 2
A. 2I- + Ag → Ag+ + I2
B. Co2+ + Cu → Co + Cu2+
C. Cu2+ + Pb → Pb2+ + Cu
D. Ni2+ + 2Ag → 2Ag+ + Ni
A. -1.12 V
B. -0.40 V
C. +0.40 V
D. +1.12 V
A. fuel cell
B. electroplating
C. redox titration
D. carbon dry cell
A. 0.024 moles
B. 0.060 moles
C. 1.5 moles
D. 0.30 moles
A. Cu + Br2 → CuBr2
B. CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
C. CH4 + H2O → CO2 + 2H2O
D. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
9. What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of NiI2 using
inert electrodes?
A. 0.26 V
B. 0.28 V
C. 0.54 V
D. 0.80 V
10. What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten sodium
chloride?
Anode Cathode
A. O2 H2
B. Na Cl2
C. Cl2 H2
D. Cl2 Na
11. A solution containing an unknown cation reacts spontaneously with both zinc and copper. The
unknown cation is
A. 1.0 M H+
B. 1.0 M Ag+
C. 1.0 M Sr2+
D. 1.0 M Mn2+
14. Salting the roads during the winter increases the amount of corrosion of cars. The is because
the salt
voltmeter
1.0 M KCl
Cu Ni
u
1M Cu(NO3)2 1M Ni(NO3)2
A. Ni → N2+ + 2e-
B. Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni
C. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-
D. Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
A. Ni → N2+ + 2e-
B. Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni
C. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-
D. Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
A. 0.41 V
B. 0.78 V
C. 0.34 V
D. 0.60 V
A. K+ Cu2+ Ni2+
B. Cu2+ Ni2+
C. Cl- NO3-
D. Cl- NO3- 2e-
20. Which of the following will not react spontaneously with 1.0 M HCl?
A. tin
B. lithium
C. mercury
D. magnesium
21. Which of the following can be produced by electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution
containing its ion?
A. nickel
B. sodium
C. aluminum
D. magnesium
A. a voltmeter.
B. a salt bridge.
C. a power supply.
D. an aqueous solution.
23. In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the
anode is
A. Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
B. Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn
C. 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
D. Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl-
24. In the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride, the half-reaction at the anode is
A. Mn
B. Cu
C. Pb
D. Sn
26. The oxidation number of carbon in CaC2O4 is
A. +2
B. +3
C. +4
D. +6
Consider the following electrochemical cell for the next five questions.
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Cu Zn
uu
1M Cu(NO3)2 1M Zn(NO3)2
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
29. The balanced equation for the overall reaction is
A. Zn + Cu2+ → Cu + Zn2+
B. Cu + Zn2+ → Zn + Cu2+
C. Zn2+ + Cu → Cu2+ + Zn
D. Cu + Zn → Zn + Cu
A. -1.10 V
B. 0.00 V
C. +0.42 V
D. +1.10 V
A. -1.10 V
B. +1.10 V
C. +0.91 V
D. +0.86 V
33. Consider the following redox reaction: Co2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) ⇋ 2Ag+(aq) + Co(s)
The reaction is
A. KCl
B. NaOH
C. H2SO4
D. KOH
A. KCl
B. NaOH
C. H2SO4
D. KOH
38. The anode and cathode used in the electrorefining of impure lead to pure lead are
Anode Cathode
A. Pure Pb Impure Pb
B. Impure Pb Pure Pb
C. Pb2+ Pb
D. Pb Pb2+
A. C
B. Zn
C. Mg
D. KOH
40. Which of the following are electrolytic cells
I Electro winning
II Electroplating
III Charging a car battery
IV Fuel cell
A. I and II only
B. I, II, and III only
C. II and II only
D. I, II, III, and IV
Subjective
c) Write the overall reaction and determine the minimum theoretical voltage required.
Power Source
Pure Pb Impure Pb
a) On the diagram, label the anode and cathode.
4. Describe two chemically different methods that can be used to prevent corrosion of iron and
explain why each method works.
Method 1:
Explanation:
Method 2:
Explanation:
5. The data below were obtained in a redox titration of a 25.00 mL sample containing Sn2+ ions
using 0.125 M KMnO4 according to the following reaction:
2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5Sn2+ → 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5Sn4+
Calculate the [Sn2+]
7. Consider the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride with Cu electrodes (Cu electrodes
are not inert and can oxidize: Cl-, or Cu will oxidize)
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Sn Mn
nn
n
1M Sn(NO3)2 1M MnNO3)2
Chemistry 12 Electrochemistry Practice Test 2
voltmeter
1.0 M KCl
Pd Ni
1M Pd(NO3)2 1M Ni(NO3)2
1. As the cell operates, the electrons flow from the nickel electrode to the palladium electrode.
The reaction occurring at the anode is
A Pd → Pd2+ + 2e-
B Ni → Ni2+ + 2e-
C Pd2+ + 2e- → Pb
D Ni2+ + 2e- → Ni
A both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the nickel half-cell
B both the K+ and the NO3- migrate into the palladium half-cell
C the K+ migrates into the nickel half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the palladium half-
cell
D the K+ migrates into the palladium half-cell and the NO3- migrates into the nickel half-
cell
A -1.21 V
B -.95 V
C +0.95
D +1.21 V
4. What substances are formed at the anode and cathode during electrolysis of molten
sodium chloride, NaCl(l)?
Anode Cathode
A O2 H2
B Na Cl2
C Cl2 H2
D Cl2 Na
Power Source
+ -
Inert Inert
Electrode Electrode
Molten NaI(l)
6. Which of the following are necessary for electroplating to occur using an electrolytic
cell?
I Two electrodes
II A metal being reduced
III A direct current power supply
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II, and III
7. A fuel cell consumes H2 and O2 gas, uses a KOH electrolyte, and produces electricity. The
reaction at the anode is
A 2H+ + 2e- → H2
B 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → H2O
C 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e-
D H2 + 2OH- → 2H2O + 2e-
Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from strongest to
weakest, are
A V2+ Te U4+
B U4+ Te V2+
C U3+ Te2- V2+
D V2+ Te2- U3+
9. What is the minimum voltage required to form nickel from an aqueous solution of NiI2
using inert electrodes?
A 0.26 V
B 0.28 V
C 0.54 V
D 0.80 V
10.
voltmeter
1.0 M KNO3
Zn Ni
1M Zn(NO3)2 1M Ni(NO3)2
A Ag+ + I2
B Pb2+ + Zn
C Mg2+ + Ca
D Zn2+ + Mn
A KBr
B SnCl2
C KMnO4 (basic)
D KBrO3 (acidic)
A I2(s)
B Ni(s)
C Zn(s)
D Br2(l)
14. The oxidation number of carbon in C2O42- is
A +3
B +4
C +5
D +6
15. Consider the following reaction: 3As2O3 + 4NO3- + 7H2O → 6H3AsO4 + 4NO
A H+
B H2O
C NO3-
D AsO3
16. When W2O5 is converted to WO2 in a redox reaction, the W has been
I Water
II Oxygen gas
III Nitrogen
A I only
B III only
C I and II only
D II and III only
A Mg → Mg2+ + 2e-
B Mg2+ + 2e- → Mg
C 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e-
D O2 + 2H2O + 4e- → 4OH-
21. A molten binary salt, ZnCl2, undergoes electrolysis. The cathode reaction is
A Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
B 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
C Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl-
D Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn
23. The process of applying an electric current through a cell to produce a chemical change
is called
A corrosion
B ionization
C hydrolysis
D electrolysis
24. A student investigating redox reactions recorded the following results:
Based on these results, the strengths of the oxidizing agents, arranged from strongest to
weakest, are
A V2+ Te U4+
B U4+ Te V2+
C U3+ Te2- V2+
D V2+ Te2- U3+
A I2
B Cu
C H2S
D Ag2S
26. Consider the redox reaction: 2BrO3- + 10Cl- + 12H+ → Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O
the oxidation half-reaction ivolved in this reaction is
A Cu + Br2 → CuBr2
B CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
C CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
D NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
28. During the electrolysis of 1.0 M Na2SO4, the reaction at the cathode is
A Na+ + 1e- → Na
B 2SO42- → S2O82- + 2e-
C 2H2O → O2 + H+ + 4e-
D 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH-
A PtO2 → PtO
B PtO3 → PtO2
C Pt(OH)2 → Pt
D Pt(OH)22+ → PtO3
31. Which of the following can be produced by the electrolysis from a 1.0 M aqueous solution
containing its ions?
A nickel
B sodium
C aluminum
D magnesium
32. In the electrolysis of molten ZnCl2 using carbon electrodes, the reaction that occurs at the
anode is
A Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
B Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn
C 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-
D Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl-
A a voltmeter
B a salt bridge
C a power supply
D an aqueous solution
Subjective
1. a) Indicate in the blank spaces on the following chart whether or not a reaction will
occur when the metals are added to the aqueous ions.
Pd Rh Pt
Pd2+
Describe and explain two methods, using different chemical principles, to prevent the
formation of rust.
a)
b)
6.
a) During the production of magnesium metal from seawater, magnesium ions are first
precipitated from seawater as magnesium hydroxide. The magnesium hydroxide is
neutralized by hydrochloric acid, producing magnesium chloride. Write the
neutralization reaction.
b) The salt produced, magnesium chloride, is dried melted and undergoes electrolysis.
Write the reaction at each electrode.
Anode
Cathode
Power Source
Pure Pb Impure Pb
a) On the diagram above, label the anode and cathode.
Notes- double click on the lesson number and download Power Point Viewer if you do not
have it.
Worksheets Quiz
8. Electrochemical Cells. WS 7
17. Test.
Define each
Write half reactions for each of the following atoms or ions. Label each as oxidation or reduction.
Balance each spontaneous redox equation. Identify the entities reduced and oxidized. State the
reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.
21. O2 & Ca
Label the species that is reduced, that is oxidized, the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent.
Fe reduction
Ag reduction
Cu reduction
→ 2O2- reduction
27. Co2+ + 2 F- → Co + F2
→ Coreduction
28. List the species (formulas from above) that lose electrons:
Co Ni Pb Sn F-
29. List the species (formulas from above) that gain electrons:
3. For each of the following reactions, identify: the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, the
substance oxidized and the substance reduced.
a) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn (s) --------> Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)
8. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an iron container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur. No
9. Can you keep 1 M HCl in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur.
10. Can you keep 1 M HNO3 in an Ag container. If the answer is no, write a balanced equation for the
reaction that would occur. (remember HNO3 consists of two ions H+ and NO3-)
O2 Cl- Fe Na+
16. State the Oxidation Number of each of the elements that is underlined.
a) NH3 -3 b) H2SO4 6
c) ZnCO3 4 d) Al(OH)3 3
e) Na 0 f) Cl2 0
17. Balance the redox equation using the half reaction method.
O2 Cl- Fe Na+
Balance each of the following half-cell reactions. (In each case assume that the reaction takes place
in an ACIDIC solution.) Also, state whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.
oxidation
reduction
oxidation
oxidation
5. 2H2O + Pb2+ --------------> PbO2 + 4H+ + 2e-
oxidation
reduction
reduction
reduction
reduction
Balance each redox equation. Assume all are spontaneous. Use the half reaction method.
-------------->
7. 2MnO2 + H2O + 2e- Mn2O3 +
2OH-
Balance each redox reaction in acid solution using the half reaction method.
Balance each redox reaction in basic solution using the half reaction method.
State of the change represents oxidation, reduction or neither (use oxidation #s).
-------->
18. MnO2 Mn2O3 reduction
-------->
19. NH3 NO2 oxidation
------->
20. HClO4 HCl + H2O reduction
-------->
21. O2 O2- reduction
-------->
22. P2O5 P4H10 reduction
WS #6 Review
2. Write half reactions for each. Describe as oxidation or reduction. Circle all oxidizing agents.
3. Write the reaction between the following: Use the half reaction method.
a) Ca + Al(NO3)3
b) Sn + AgNO3
c) Sn + Au(NO3)3
7. Ag+ reacts with Pb, however, Ca+2 does not react with Pb. Rank the reducing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
8. Cl2 reacts with Ag, however, Ag does not react with Mg+2. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
9. Ni+2 reacts with Mn, however, Al+3 does not react with Mn. Rank the reducing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of decreasing strength.
10. Cl2 reacts with Br-, however, I2 does not react with Br-. Rank the oxidizing agents in order of
decreasing strength. Rank the reducing agents in order of decreasing strength.
iii) Rank the reducing agents in decreasing order of strength. See above.
iv) Will SnCl2 react with Cr? Explain? Yes, because Sn2+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than Cr3+ .
v) Will Fe2+ react with Sn? No, because Fe2+ is a weaker oxidizing agent than Sn2+
Write each oxidation and reduction half reaction for each question above. Determine the Eo for each.
Calculate the Eo for the overall reaction.
35.
37.
38.
7. In an electrochemical cell the reduction reaction is higher on the chart, while the
oxidation reaction is lower. .
8. The cathode is the site of reduction and the anode is the site of oxidation. .
10. Anions have a negative charge and cations have a positive charge.
1.0 M KNO3
NO3- K+
Zn Cu
1 M Zn(NO3)2 1 M Cu(NO3)2
1.0 M KNO3
NO3- K+
H2 Cu
1. In an electrolytic cell, reduction occurs at the negative electrode and oxidation occurs at the
positive electrode.
2. If there are two possible reduction reactions, the highest one on the chart occurs.
4. For oxidation, the chart is read from right to left and the sign of the voltage is changed.
5. If there are two possible oxidation reactions, the lowest one on the chart occurs.
Power Source
- +
Pt Pt
Na+
Cl-
Cathode: Na+ + 1e- → Na(s) -2.71 v Anode: 2Cl- → Cl2 +
2e- -1.36 v
Power Source
- +
C C
Na+
SO42-
H2O
Power Source
- +
Pt Pt
K+
O2-
Power Source
- +
Pt Pt
Li+
I-
Cathode: Cathode: 2H2O + 2e- → H2 + 2OH- -0.41 v Anode: 2I- → I2 + 2e-
-0.54 v
15. 250ml of 0.200M MnO4- reacts with excess SO3-2. How many grams of MnO2 are produced? This
is Chemistry 11 stoichiometry. 2MnO4- + 3SO3-2 + H2O -----> 2MnO2 + 3SO4-2 + 2OH-
Salt bridge- a u-tube filled with salt solution that allows ions to flow in an electrochemical cell.
Electrolyte- a solution that conducts electricity
Anode- an electrode that is the site of oxidation
Cathode- an electrode that is the site of reduction
Spontaneous- a reaction that occurs naturally and has a positive voltage
Electron affinity- the ability of a metal to attract electrons
18. What would happen if you used an aluminum spoon to stir a solution of FeSO4(aq) ? Write a
reaction and calculate Eo.
21. How is the breathalyzer reaction used to determine blood alcohol content (you might need to look
this up in your textbook)?
The breathalyzer reaction uses a spontaneous redox reaction between acidic Cr2O72- and
ethanol C2H5OH. If alcohol is present in your breath sample, it will react with a solution of
Cr2O72- reducing the orange color as it reacts to form Cr3+, which is green. The drunker you are,
the greater the reduction in orange color, which is measured with a spectrophotometer.
Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage and
overall equation.
1. Ag / Pb electrochemical cell.
Anode: Pb Cathode: Ag
2+ -
Anode reaction: Pb --------> Pb + 2e Cathode reaction: Ag+ +
1e- -------> Ag
Overall reaction: Pb + 2Ag+ -----> Pb2+ + 2Ag Voltage: 0.93v
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2Cl- --------> Cl2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: Zn 2+
+ 2e-
-------> Zn
Overall reaction: 2Cl- + Zn2+ -----> Cl2 + Zn MTV: +2.12 v
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: H2O --------> 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e- Cathode reaction:
2+ -
Cu + 2e -------> Cu
Overall reaction: H2O + Cu2+ -----> 2H+ + 1/2O2 + Cu MTV: +0.48 v
4. The electrolysis of 1M NaI (electro-winning)
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2I- --------> I2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: 2H2O + 2e-
-------> H2 + 2OH-
Overall reaction: 2H2O + 2I- -----> H2 + 2OH- + I2 MTV: +0.95 v
5. The reaction needed to make Al. The electrolyte is Al2O3 and its phase is molten (molten or
aqueous).
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2O2- -------> O2 + 4e- Cathode reaction: Al3+ + 3e-
-------> Al
Overall reaction: 6O2- + 4Al3+ -----> 3O2 + 4Al
Determine the half reactions for each cell and the cell voltage or minimum theoretical voltage.
1. Zn / Mg electrochemical cell
Anode: Mg Cathode: Zn
2+ -
Anode reaction: Mg --------> Mg + 2e Cathode reaction: Zn+2 +
2e- -------> Zn
Overall reaction: Mg + Zn2+ -----> Mg2+ + Zn Voltage: 1.61v
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2I- --------> I2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: 2H2O +
- -
2e -------> H2 + 2OH
Overall reaction: 2H2O + 2I- -----> H2 + 2OH- + I2 MTV: +0.95 v
4. The electrorefining of Pb
Anode: Zn Cathode: Ag
2+ -
Anode reaction: Zn --------> Zn + 2e Cathode reaction: Ag+ +
1e- -------> Ag
Overall reaction: Zn + 2Ag+ -----> Zn2+ + 2Ag Voltage: 1.56v
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2F- --------> F2 + 2e- Cathode reaction: K+ + e- -------> K
Overall reaction: 2F- + 2K+-----> Cl2 + K MTV: +5.80v
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: H2O --------> 2H+ + 1/2O2 + 2e- Cathode reaction:
2H2O + 2e -------> H2 + 2OH-
-
Anode: C Cathode: C
Anode reaction: 2I- --------> I2 + 2e- 2+
Cathode reaction: Fe +
2e- -------> Fe
Overall reaction: Fe2+ + 2I- -----> Fe + I2 MTV: +0.99 v
10. Draw a Cd/Pb electrochemical cell. Cd is not on the reduction chart, however, the Cd electrode
gains mass and the total cell potential is .5v. Determine the half-cell potential for Cd.
Anode: Pb Cathode: Cd
Anode reaction: Pb --------> Pb2+ + 2e- 0.13v Cathode reaction:
+2 -
Cd + 2e -------> Zn x volts
Overall reaction: Pb + Cd -----> Pb2+ +
2+
Cd Voltage: 0.50v
11. Write the overall reaction and describe the anode and cathode for a dry (Leclanche), fuel, alkaline
and lead/acid cell.
H2 + 2OH- --->
Fuel Cell C C ½O2 + H2O +2e-----> 2OH- KOH
2H2O + 2e-
12. 2HIO3 + 5H2SO3 ----------> I2 + 5H2SO4 + H2O
oxidizing agent HIO3 substance oxidized H2SO3
substance reduced HIO3 reducing agent H2SO3
15. Describe the differences and similarities between an electrolytic and electrochemical cell.
Electrolytic Electrochemical
16. Describe and give two examples of electrowinning. The electrolysis of water to make H2
and O2. The electrolysis of Al2O3 to make Al and O2.
17. Describe and give one example of electrorefinning. The electrorefinning of Pb.
18. List three metals that can be won from aqueous solution. Pb Au Ag Zn
Cu Fe Sn
19. List three metals that cannot be won from aqueous solution. Na K Li Ca Mg
Al
20. What is the electrolyte in a fuel cell, alkaline battery, Dry Cell (Leclanche) and lead acid battery?
21. State two metals that can be used to cathodically protect Fe. Describe how they protect iron from
corrosion.
22. Write the half reaction that describes the corrosion of iron. Fe --------> Fe2+ +2e-
23. Write the half reaction that describes the reduction reaction that occurs when iron corrodes in air
and water. 2e- + H2O + 1/2O2 ----------> 2OH-
24. Why does iron corrode faster in salt water? The salt acts like a salt-bridge and increases
the rate of reaction in an electrochemical cell.
25. Write the anode and cathode reaction in an electrolytic cell with a CaCl2 (l) electrolyte.
26. Explain why you would choose Zn or Cu to cathodically protect iron? Zn. It is a stronger
reducing agent than Fe and it will allow Fe to be the cathode, which cannot corrode.
27. Choose a suitable redox reactant to oxidize Cl- to ClO4- in a redox titration.
MnO4- in acid gives a spontaneous reaction as well as a color change from purple to clear.
Leclanche or
Zn Zn-->Zn+2 + 2e- C/MnO2 Mn+4 +1e- -----> Mn+3 NH4Cl and MnO2
Common Dry Cell
Metal to be
Nickel Plating Ni Ni-->Ni+2 + 2e-
plated
Ni2+ +2e- -----> Ni Ni(NO3)2
Lead Storage or PbO2 + SO4-2 + 4OH-1 + 2e-
Car Battery Pb Pb ---> Pb+2+ 2e- PbO2 -----> PbSO4 + 2H2O H2SO4
H2 + 2OH- --->
Fuel Cell C 2H2O + 2e-
C O2 + 2H2O +4e-----> 4OH- KOH
30) Al and AgNO3(aq) are mixed and the surface of the Al darkens. List the two oxidizing agents in
decreasing strength. List the two reducing agents in decreasing strength.