Professional Documents
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Heat Exchangers
2
Contents.
3 Introduction
4 Characteristics
5 Mechanical design
Applications
6 Benefits
Selected references
8 Isothermal reactors
Characteristics
Applications
Benefits
9 Design tools
10 Quality standards
Characteristics
Benefits
12 Contact
Introduction.
3
4
Characteristics.
Each coil-wound heat exchanger is designed to Thermal and hydraulic design
meet the project requirements for the thermal For the thermal and hydraulic design Linde‘s
and hydraulic performance as well as for the proprietary computer program GENIUS is used.
mechanical design and material selection. This software determines the temperature and
pressure profiles of the individual streams and
The special features of the geometry and the calculates the distribution of the tubes to the
possibility to use various materials allow a wide various layers.
range of applications. Coil-wound heat exchan-
gers are manufactured in stainless steel, alumi- All methods for simulating heat transfer and
nium alloy, carbon steel and special alloys. pressure drop used by the program have been
extensively tested. Linde‘s own research and
Heating surfaces of up to 40,000 square meters development is complemented by the coopera-
and more can be installed in one unit. Bundle tion with professional R & D instituts like HTRI
diameters of approx. 5,500 mm and unit weights and HTFS.
up to 250 metric tons can be manufactured in
Linde‘s fabrication facilities. Larger diameters or
higher unit weights are feasible and are assem-
bled in Linde‘s assembly yards located at the coast.
Mechanical design.
Linde‘s coil-wound heat exchangers are supplied Fabrication and special features Applications
in line with the major codes for the design, fabri- Generally a coil-wound heat exchanger com- Coil-wound heat exchangers are used for a wide
cation and testing of pressure vessels: prises multiple layers of tubes wound around range of applications as for example:
– ASME a centre pipe (mandrel). – Cooler/heater
– German AD-Merkblatt – Liquefier
– European Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) After assembly with the prefabricated pressure – Vaporiser
vessel (shell) the coil-wound tube bundle is sus- – Isothermal reactor
Other codes are possible upon request. pended on top only. This proprietary suspension
system allows the Linde coil-wound heat exchan- They are used in petrochemical plants, air and
ger to cope easily with large temperature diffe- gas separation plants as well as in gas liquefac-
rences and changes during operation while tion units.
effectively avoiding any kind of bundle sagging.
World-class LNG plants are equipped with Linde
Linde coil-wound heat exchangers are 100% coil-wound heat exchangers, e. g.:
self-draining. This special feature can be impor- – Snøhvit LNG
tant e.g. during shutdown for avoiding possible – Brunei LNG
corrosion defects. – North West Shelf Venture
– Sakhalin Energy
– Pluto LNG
6
Benefits.
– Broad temperature and pressure ranges
– Multiple fluids can be treated in one exchanger
– Compact unit with large specific heat transfer
area per volume
– Capable for high pressure service
– Robust design suitable to cope with transient Typical tube arrangement Fully welded tube-to-tubesheet connections
off-spec conditions
– Integrated two-phase separator and distributor,
if required
– No bundle sagging due to proprietary support
system
– 100% self-draining
– Available in various materials
– Possibility for bundle temperature recording
Selected references
Subcooler bundle Δ
Fabrication 1951
Isothermal reactors.
Characteristics
The Linde isothermal reactor is a fixed-bed reactor
suitable for endothermic and exothermic catalytic
reactions with indirect heat transfer. Based on the
steam raising design, the isothermal mode of opera-
tion results in excellent temperature characteristics
for all conditions like start-up, partial load and plant
upsets.
Applications
Linde‘s isothermal reactor can be used for gas/gas,
gas/liquid and liquid/liquid reactions. Thus being an
excellent solution for various processes in the chemi-
cal industry e.g.:
– Methanol synthesis
– Shift conversion
– Hydrogenation
– Methanization
– CLINSULF® sulfur recovery
Benefits
– Easy temperature control by adjusting the steam
pressure
– Integrated steam drum
– Smooth behaviour during normal operation and
fast start-up and shut-down procedures
– Easy and quick catalyst loading and unloading
Design tools.
a large LNG plant during installation
Quality standards.
Quality management and inspection is an in-
dispensable part of our corporate strategy and
therefore a managerial responsibility carried
out at all levels of the company. We consider
the improvement of our product quality and the
continued development of our quality manage-
ment system as a permanent challenge.
Water-bath vaporisers
for liquefied gases.
Characteristics Benefits
Linde´s water-bath vaporiser are the robust and – Excellent solution for stand-by or discon-
reliable solution for the gasification of cryogenic tinuous operation
fluids. The unit consists of a water vessel in which – Availability of full capacity within seconds
a coiled tube bundle is installed. – Reliable operation from 0 to 100 percent of
nominal capacity
The characteristics of the Linde steam-heated – Two or three streams of different liquefied
water-bath vaporisers are: gases can be treated in one unit
– The water is heated up by direct steam injec- – Load range from approximately 500 Nm3/h
tion through one or more steam lances up to 150,000 Nm3/h
– The steam flow is controlled by the water – Multiple heating sources installed in one
temperature apparatus (e.g. steam and warm water)
– During stand-by conditions, the water tem-
perature is kept through a small steam lance Please contact the Linde sales team for a
at 60°C separate brochure.
Linde’s Engineering Division is a leading player in the international plant engineering business. Across the globe, we have deli-
vered more than 4,000 plants and cover every step in the design, project management and construction of turnkey industrial
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