Transliteration Map

DEVNAG font
(Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit)
itrans
c 1991{1992 Avinash Chopde

1 Fonts Available
1.1 TEX Interface
The devanagari font devnag is a Metafont font, developed by Frans Velthuis.
This font is not bundled with the itrans package, but is available at many FTP
sites. (The reason it is not bundled is that devnag is distributed under the GNU Public
License. To keep out of trouble I refrain from re-distributing GNU software.)
The devnag font is in a le called devnag.tar.Z for UNIX systems, and devnag.zip
for MS-DOS.
Anonymous FTP sites:
rugrcx.rug.nl (129.125.4.12), in the directory \pub"
june.cs.washington.edu, in the directory \/tex"
cs.duke.edu (128.109.140.1), in the directory \dist/sources"
Note: This FTP site info may be out-of-date, refer to the FAQ posting in USENET
newsgroup comp.text.tex for up-to-date information.
Bundled with itrans is a Metafont le (dvpn10.mf) which generates a variation of
the Devnag font. If you have Metafont on your system, you may use it to generate the
PK and TFM les for TEX. This variation was developed by Thomas Ridgeway, and in
his words, it is \a trivial variation of dvng10.mf to resemble devanagari written with an
ordinary writing pen". Looks nice, so I have included the dvpn10.mf le here.
Note that the dvpn10.mf le alone is insucient to generate the TEX font, the
complete devnag package is required to make it usable. And, you must know enough
about Metafont to run it.
Important: itrans cannot automatically handle all the ligatures present in the de-
vnag font. The itrans package is limited in in that only two-consonant ligatures can be
supported. The Devnag font does contain many three- and four- consonant ligatures,
none of which can be printed using itrans. See the section titled \Limitations" for more
details.
0
Last modication: December 5, 1992

1
1.2 Dumb Textual Interface
Since this is a TEX font, this interface cannot be used. (The Dumb interface directly
produces PostScript code, but currently I have not located any Metafont to PostScript
convertor, so this interface cannot be used for Metafont fonts.)

2 Sanskrit (or Hindi) and Marathi

Two IFM les are provided with with this font.
The rst IFM le is called dvng.ifm, and is meant to be used for text that has to be
printed out in Sanskrit or Hindi.
The second IFM le is called mdvng.ifm, and is meant to be used for text that has
to be printed out in marathi.
The only dierence between mdvng.ifm and dvng.ifm is in the treatment of ra-
<consonant> ligatures. The marathi le uses the marathi form of ra-half, while the
dvng.ifm le uses the hindi form.
Note that both the IFM les may be referenced in one input le, as is done in this
le (devn.itx).
Examples using dvng.ifm: rka| >k, rki|>Ek, rgii|>gF.
Examples using mdvng.ifm: rka| >k, rki|>Ek, rgii|>gF.

3 Font Developer
This font has been created by Frans Velthuis. I would like to thank him for making it
available as freeware.
Frans Velthuis
University of Groningen
The Netherlands
e-mail address: velthuis@RUGRCX.RUG.NL (Frans J. Velthuis)

4 Limitations
As mentioned in the rst section, itrans makes use of only a subset of the ligatures
available in the Devnag font. itrans only recognizes two-consonant ligatures, any ligature
of more than two consonants is ignored.
The two tables (in gures 4 and 5) display the ligatures that are being used and
those that are ignored. All the ra-<consonant> and <consonant>-ra ligatures are not
displayed in the available list, but they are handled by itrans correctly.

2
 a a
aA aa or A
i i
I ii or I 0 0
u u 1 1
U uu or U 2 2
 R^i 3 3
 R^I 4 4
 L^i 5 5
 L^I 6 6
e e 7 7
e
 ai 8 8
ao o 9 9
aO au
a\ aM
Digits
a, y ya
k ka aH
Vowels r ra
K kha
l la
g ga
V Ta t ta p pa v va
G gha
W Tha T tha P pha f sha
R N^a
X Da d da b ba q shha
c cha
Y Dha D dha B bha s sa
C chha
Z Na n na m ma h ha
j ja
Consonants  lda
J jha
" kshaor xa
 JNa * qa
g ga.r + GYa
 Ka
g\ ga.n
 Ga
aA aa.c
) za
X Da.N
' fa
X^ D.h
w .Da
d;, duH
x .Dha
_ .a
: AUM
Specials

Figure 1: Marathi to English Transliteration Table.

3
 k kA Ek kF k; k$ ka kaa ki kii ku kuu
s sA Es sF s; s$ sa saa si sii su suu
K% K K
{ K\ K, K K khR^i khe khai khaM khaH kha.c kha.N
 X
X { X\ X, X X De Dai DaM DaH Da.c Da.N

Sample Letters
BA`y bhaagya k-t;rF kasturii
rA>y raajya nAE-tk naastika
Ev)A vidyaa 9A: praapta
Ef*y shishhya -vt\/ svata.ntra
m;Hy mukhya -vAt\<y svaata.ntr{}ya
gA+A gaaDyaa @vnF dhvanii
(yAg tyaaga go= goshhTa
@yAn dhyaana y;d^D yud.hdha
.yAy nyaaya y;> yuddha
/yAm shyaama pE?m pashchima
>yot jyota P@ phakta
mn;*y manushhya thA tarhaa
cA\d0yA chaa.ndaNyaa aT artha
a<yAs abhyaasa ktA kartaa
kSyAZ kalyaaNa gdF gardii
G+A ghaDyaalda EnZy nirNaya
k2A kachchaa p/ patra
KX^XA khaD.hDaa E/koZ trikoNa
K3A khaDDaa LAvZ shraavaNa
gW^WA gaThThaa aALm aashrama
D4A dhakkaa f;L$qA shushruushhaa
p5A pattaa g}\T gra.ntha
Et=pt tippata 9jA prajaa
p7As pannaasa dNA" draakshe
s>jn sajjana g%h-T gR^ihastha
p;-tk pustaka 9k%tF prakR^itii

Sample Words

Figure 2: Examples

4
 n(y
{ naiR^i{\kern-0.45em}.r{\kern0.45em}tya
f;B} shubhra
sh-/ sahastra
QFXA kriiDaa
-vQC svachchha
-v!p svaruupa
V~k Traka
aAMhF aamhii
ct;TF chaturthii
t$ R^ituu
aA@obr aa.cktobara
no&h \br novhe.nbara
g}m gra.cma
UcA uu.Nchaa
{blgAXF bailagaaDii
g;zd^vArA gurud.hvaaraa
g;z`ArA gurudvaaraa
EnrA{yA niraaldyaa
+An GYaana
m
 kEnk meka.cnika
Mh{s mhaisa
dZAyA deNaaryaa
9Et|A pratishhThaa
iEthAs itihaasa
aA-TAb> aasthaabaddha
a\trA*V~Fy a.ntaraa.rshhTriiya

Figure 3: Examples

5
 Figure 5 displays ligatures that are not used, along with their decimal character
codes (font positions). I mentioned that these ligatures are not supported by itrans,
since itrans cannot recognize three or more consonants in a sequence as a single ligature.
But, it is possible to assign unused input tokens to represent the ligatures in gure 5.
This requires knowing what unused tokens exist, and knowledge to modify the IFM le.
See the technical manual (tech.tex) for details regarding the IFM le. Unused tokens
could be one that you do not plan using in yout input text (JNa, GYa, etc) or tokens
that itrans recognizes for other languages (tamil: R, n^, etc). The procedure would be
to replace unused input tokens so as to print out the required ligature.
abc] Will provide more details in later releases......

6
k k kka 4 b n bna ¤
k t kta @ W y Thya ” bb bba ¥
k n kna } Xg Dga • bv bva ¦
k m kma ~ XG Dgha – Bn bhna §
k y kya  XX DDa 3 mn mna ¨
k l kla € Xm Dma — ml mla ©
k v kva  Xy Dya + l l lla ª
k q xa " Y y Dhya ˜ v n vna «
G n ghna ‚ tt tta 5 f c shcha ?
R k N^ka ƒ tn tna ™ f n shna ¬
R K N^kha „ tr tra / f b shba ­
R g N^ga … d g dga š f r shra L
R G N^gha † d G dgha › f l shla ®
R R N^N^a ‡ d d dda œ f v shva ¯
R n N^na ˆ d D ddha > qV shhTa =
R m N^ma ‰ d n dna  qW shhTha |
R y N^ya Š d b dba ž sn sna °
c c chcha 2 d B dbha Ÿ h Z hNa ±
c  chJNa ‹ d m dma   h n hna ²
C y chhya Œ d y dya ) h m hma ³
j  jJNa  d v dva ` h y hya ´
 c JNcha Ž Dn dhna ¡ h r hra µ
 j JNja  nn nna 7 h l hla ¶
V k Tka  pt pta : h v hva ·
V V TTa ‘ pn pna ¢ )r zra ¸
V W TTha ’ p l pla £ P r phra ¹
V y Tya “ ' r fra º

Figure 4: Ligatures Supported

7
Consonants Ligature Char Code Consonants Ligature Char Code
k ty » 197 Xg y Ê 184
kt v ¼ 198 XG r Ë 182
k ny ½ 230 Xr y Ì 251
k ry ¾ 231 d gr Í 237
kv y ¿ 204 d Gr Î 238
kt ry À 252 d d y Ï 144
R k t Á 173 d d v Ð 248
R k y  175 d Dy Ñ 143
R k q à 176 d D v Ò 249
R Ky Ä 186 d By Ó 142
R g y Å 190 d ry Ô 239
R G y Æ 185 d v y Õ 149
R G r Ç 192 q V y Ö 247
R k ty È 174 q V v × 171
R k qv É 177 q V ry Ø 170

Figure 5: Ligatures NOT Supported