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 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

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> 0g=aejcif;+qkd=&Gwfqkd
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 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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armifcifrif("EkjzL)
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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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NrdKUopfNrdKU? rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;/
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Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

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 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? {NyDv
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? arv
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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jrefrmawG&JU&kdaoxkdufoludk &kdaowwfwJhpdwf? rdrdukd,fudk ESdrfhcswwfwJhpdwfudk 'DtokH;t
EIef;awGtjzpf tpOftquf okH;aewmjzpfygw,f/
wpfqufwnf; ajym&if wpfzufvu l kd ]cifAsm}]cifAsm;}vkaYd jymwm[m rlvu ]ocif
bk&m;}vkaYd jymwmyg/ ud, k af jymaewJyh *k K¾ v
d u
f kd &kad oav;pm;orIe]YJ ocifb&k m;}vkaYd c:&mu
aemufyikd ;f rSm ]cifb&k m;}jzpfvmygw,f/ uif;0efrif;BuD;u Ekid if jH cm;udk oHwreftjzpf oGm;
aewkef; aejynfawmfu owif;pmwkdufudk pmykdY&mrSm ]owif;pmq&mcifbk&m;}vkdYa&;yg
w,f/ ]cifbk&m;}uae ]cifAsm;}vkdYajymif;vmwmyg/ aemufydkif;rSm ]Asm}vkdYwpfvkH;wnf;
vnf;okH;ygw,f/
trsKd;orD;awGu ]&Sif}vkdYajymwm ]t&Sif}vkdYtav;tjrwfac:wmyg/ ]awmf}qkd
wmuvnf; av;jrwfwJhoabmygyJ/ tJ'Dpum;awG[m jrefrmawG&JUodrfarGYESdrfhcswJhpdwf
"mwfudk azmfjyaewJhtokH;tEIef;awGjzpfygw,f/ edrfhuswJht"dyÜg,fuaeNyD; *g&0ed0gw
t"dyÜg,fukd ajymif;vmwmyg/ 'Davmufqkd&if &Sif;avmufygNyD/
Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
(1) ]¤if;}udk pmvkH;aygif;í &ygovm;/ ]¤if;}onf jrefrmpmayESifhwpfNydKifwnf;
ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;jzpfygovm;/ rnfonfhtcsdefu pí tokH;jyKcJhygovJ/
(2) ]a,bk,s}[laomtokH;tEIef;taMumif; &Sif;jyay;yg&ef/
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(3) ]r*Fvm}udk ]jrwfr*Fvm? r*Fvmarmifr,f? r*Fvmyg? r*FvmarmifE}HS ponfjzifh

okH;EIef;wJhtcg ]aumif;jcif;}[laomt"dyÜg,f&SdaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGm od&ygonf/ ]r*Fvm}
udk ]'kH}ESifhwGJí ]r*Fvm'kH}[kokH;&mü xkdt"dyÜg,fwkdYudk odvkdygonf/
usKduúbmpE´
usKduúbm&Gm? zsmykHNrdKU/

ajz// /(1) ]¤if;}[m ]av;aumif;}&JUtwkad umufyg/ ]av;}qkw d phJ mvk;H ae&mrSm *Pef;
4 udak &;NyD; ]aumif;}qkw d phJ vk;H &JUtpdwt f ydik ;f jzpfw]hJ if;}eJw
Y NJG yD; 4+if;=]¤if;}vkaYd &;wmyg/
&mZukrm&fausmufpmrSm ]vnfa*gif}vkaYd &;ygw,f/ tapmqk;H ta&;tom;yg/ tck]vnf;
aumif;}jzpfvmwmaygh/ ]vnf;aumif;}udk ]av;aumif;}vkzYd wfNyD; 4-*Pef;eJt Y wkad umuf
a&;w,fvkdY rSwfom;&ygw,f/ ]¤if;}udk wpfcgwnf; toHxGuf&wmrkdY oa0xkd;uBuD;a&
auqkdwmrsKd; pmvkH;aygif;NyD; rzwfygbl;/
(2)]a,bk,s}[m ygVdpum;jzpfygw,f/ ^a,Ake, f mh^vkt Yd oHxu G &f ygw,f/ ]t
rsm;tm;jzifh} ]rsm;aomtm;jzifh}vkdYt"dyÜg,f&ygw,f/ ]a,bk,stm;jzifh}vkdYvnf; okH;yg
w,f/ wpfpdwfwpfa'ovkdY qkdvkdwm r[kwfygbl;/
(3) ]r*Fvm'kH}rSmygwJh ]r*Fvm}u xl;qef;wJhouf&Sdowå0gwpfrsKd;&JUtrnfjzpf
aMumif; ]vlOD;acgif;eJYorifudk,f? 'grSr[kwf vlYudk,feJYorifOD;acgif;&SdwJhowå0gwpfrsKd;jzpf
aMumif;? ]!Kif}qkw d m rGepf um; ]NrdKU}vkt Yd "dygÜ ,f&aMumif;? r*Fvmqkw d ohJ wå0gtydik pf m;&wJh
NrdKUjzpfvkdY ]r*Fvm'kH}vkdYac:aMumif;? ]r*Fvm!Kif}u ]r*Fvm'kH}jzpfvmaMumif; pmaynm&Sif
OD;azatmif(udkvkdeDacwfrSm 0efBuD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifol? {csif;a[mif; 12-apmif
wGJudk wnf;jzwfol)u qkdcJhygw,f/ jrefrmpmygarmu©q&mBuD;OD;{armifuawmh]r*Fvm'kH}
[m ]rif*&m!Kif}qkw d rhJ eG pf um;u qif;oufaMumif; ]r*F&m}qkw d m]orif? '&,f}vkt Yd "dygÜ ,f
&aMumif;? ]!Kif}u NrdKUvkdYt"dyÜg,f&aMumif; rdefYqkdxm;ygw,f/ ]r*F&m}uqif;oufwJh]r*F
vm}eJ]Y aumif;jcif;}vkt Yd "dygÜ ,f&wJ]h r*Fvm}wk[ Yd m toHwNl yD;t"dygÜ ,fuw JG phJ um;vk;H awGjzpf
ygw,f/ 'Davmufqkd&if vkHavmufNyDxifygw,f/
armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? ZGefv
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

ar;/ /'umBuD;?
1/ ]&kyfqkd;ayrJh}qkdwJhtokH;rsKd;rSmygwJh]rJh}udk ]rJh}vkdYa&;wmeJY ]r,fh}vkdYa&;wm b,f
[muykdNyD; qDavsmfykH/
2/ ]'kdYe*g;eDqif;&Jom;wkdY}xJu ]'dkY}eJY]wkdY}&JUtokH;uGJykH/

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3/ ]zuf}eJY]buf}&JUtokH;uGJykHwkdYudk &Sif;jyay;apcsifygw,f/
t&Sifraem[&? jrpMumausmif;wkduf/
ppfudkif;awmif&kd;? ppfudkif;NrdKU/

ajz/ /t&Sifbk&m;-
(1) ]ayrJ}h rSmygwJh ]rJ}h &JUt&if;tjrpfu ]r,f}jzpfygw,f/ tJ'v D ydk J ]wJ}h &JUt&if;t
jrpfuvnf; ]w,f}jzpfygw,f/ ]olvmr,f} ]olvmw,f}qkw d phJ um;awGrmS ygwJh ]r,f} ]w,f}
qkwd BhJ ud,m0dbwfawGudk txl;jyK0dbwftjzpf emrfa&SUuok;H wJt h cg ]vmwJo h }l ]vmrJo h }l vkYd
toHajymif;okH;wmyg/ ]w,f}udk tjrpfoHajymif;&if ]w,fh}jzpfoGm;ovkd ]r,f}udk tjrpfoH
ajymif;&if ]r,f}h jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ t&if;cHpmvk;H aygif;twkid ;f a&;&ifawmh ]vmw,fo h }l ]'g
ayr,f}h vkaYd &;&rSmyg/ 'gayr,fh ]w,f}h udk ]wJ}h vkaYd &;wm tok;H wGiaf eygNyD/ (,owfeaYJ emuf
ypftoHwyl gyJ/)'gaMumifh ]r,f}h udv k nf; ]wJ}h eJaY &;ykw
H al tmif ]rJ}h vkaYd &;wmygbk&m;/ tcsKyf
ajym&&ifawmh ]ayr,fh}vkdYa&;wmvnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ ]ayrJh}uawmh ydkNyD;tokH;wGifwmaygh
bk&m;/
(2) ]igwkdY}? ]rif;wkdY}? ]qif;&Jom;wkdY}rSmygwJh ]wkdY}[m wpfckxufykdaMumif;jywJht
rsm;jyypönf;pum;yg/ igwkdYudk ^ig'kdY^vkYtoHxGufwmrSm ]ig}rygbJ ^'dkY^vkdY wpfvkH;wnf;
okH;vkdufwmygyJ/ pmvkH;aygif;t&uawmh ]wkdY}u t&if;cHyg/ wkdYu toHajymif;NyD; ]'kdY}jzpf
vmwmyg/ 'Dawmh ]wkdY}a&m ]'dkY}a&m ajymoltrsm;udk nTef;wJhemrfpm;awGygyJ/ toHtaysmh
tjyif;yJ uGmwmyg/
(3) ]zuf}eJY]buf}uawmh jrefrmpmtzGJYxkwf jrefrmpmvkH;aygif;owfykHusrf;rSm cGJ
jcm;jyxm;ygw,f/ ]zuf}u ]tazmftzuf} ]aygif;zuf}? ]wpfzufESpfzuf}pwJh*Pef;eJYwGJ
okH;wJh]zuf}awGrSm okH;ygw,f/ ]buf}uawmh awmifbuf? &Gmbuf? qefYusifbuf? olYbuf
ukd,fhbufqkdwJhae&mjywJhpum;awGrSmokH;ygw,f/ t&yfrsufESmawGudk a&;&mrSm ]ta&SU
buf? taemufbuf? awmifbuf? ajrmufbuf}vkdY ]buf}ukd wpforwfwnf;okH;ygw,f/
]&Jabmf&b J uf}[m tazmftzufjzpfvYdk ]&Jazmf&zJ uf}vkaYd &;oifah yr,fh ]&Jabmf}qkw d t
hJ a&;
tom;u tokH;wGifaewmrkdY >cif;csuftjzpf ]&Jabmf&Jbuf}vdkYyJ a&;&ygw,f/
Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

ar;/ /q&mBuD;&Sifh?
(1) ]bJ}ESifh]yJ}tokH;jyKykH rnfodkYuGmjcm;onfukd ajzMum;ay;yg&Sif/
(2) ]ESr}]nDr}]tpfr}\uGJjym;ykHukd azmfjyay;yg&Sifh/
rokE´&D? oDaygNrdKU/
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ajz/ /(1) ]yJ}u av;eufatmifokH;wJhypönf;pum;yg/ ]uRefawmfu vlBuD;yJ}? ]olu

uav;yJ}? ][kww f myJ}? ]pm;yJpm;yg}ponfjzifh ok;H ygw,f/ ]bJ}uawmh r[kwaf Mumif;jywJh
ypönf;pum;]r}eJYwGJokH;&ygw,f/ ]rvkyfbJ}? ]roGm;bJ}? ]rpm;bJ}ponfjzifh okH;&ygw,f/
t[kwfoabmudka&;&if ]yJ}? r[kwfoabmudk a&;&if ]bJ}vkdYrSwfEkdifygw,f/
(2) ]nDr}udk ]nDtpfrwGif ti,fjzpfaomrdef;r}? ]ESr}ukd ]tpfudkxufi,faom
rdef;uav;}? ]tpfr}udk ]nDtpfudkarmifESrwGif tBuD;jzpfaomrdef;r}vkdYcGJjcm;Ekdifygw,f/
nDtpfudkarmifESrawGrSm ti,fawGudk ac:&mrSm a,musfm;csif;qkd&if ]nD}? rdef;rcsif;qkd
&if ]nDr} tBuD;u a,musfm;? ti,fu rdef;rqkd&if ]ESr}? tBuD;u rdef;r? ti,fu a,m
usfm;qkd&if ]armif}vdkYcGJjcm;Ekdifygw,f/ ckacwfrSmawmh a,musfm;u olYxufi,fwJhrdef;rudk
vnf; ]nDr}vkdYac:aeMuygw,f/ tokH;a&GUvsm;wJhoabmygyJ/
Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
Zmwd-arG;zGm;jcif;? Z&m-tkrd if;jcif;? Asm"d-zsm;emjcif;? r&P-aoqk;H jcif;[lí
rSwo
f m;&ygonf/ odaYk omf vlwpfa,mufaoqk;H oGm;ygu ]ema&;}? ]ema&;udp}ö vko Yd ;Hk EIe;f
Muygw,f/ ]aoa&;} ]aoa&;udpö}vkdYtb,faMumifh rokH;EIef;Muygoenf;/ &Sif;vif;ajz
Mum;ay;yg&ef yefMum;tyfygonf/
usKduúbmpE´
usKduúbm&Gm? zsmykHNrdKU/

ajz/ /ema&;udk ]emrIupd ?ö aorIupd }ö vkt

Yd bd"mefrmS zGiyhf gw,f/ ]ema&;}[m ]aorIupd }ö
vkdYvnf; t"dyÜg,f&aMumif; awGYEkdifygw,f/ ]aoa&;}vkdYwkduf&kdufokH;wJhtokH;rsKd;vnf; &Sd
ygw,f/ ]aoa&;aea&;}? ]aoa&;&Siaf &;}qkw d mrsKd;awGyg/ ]aoa&;}ukd ]ema&;}vko Yd ;Hk wm
uawmh teufrjyif;xefatmif azmhNyD;okH;wmyg/ ]aow,f}qkdwJhpum;[m wkduf&kdufokH;
&if aemufuG,frSm oufa&mufwJh*,ufteufu jyif;xefygw,f/ ]em}wmu ]ao}wm
avmuf rjyif;xefygbl;/ 'gaMumifh ]aoa&;}vkw Yd u
dk &f u
dk rf ok;H bJ vufco
H matmif ]ema&;}
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

vkdYazmhokH;wmvkdY ,lq&ygw,f/ ]ao}vkdyJ ]owf}qkdwJhpum;[mvnf; &ufpuf&muswJh

pum;jzpfvYdk wku d &f u
dk rf ok;H bJ pum;,Ofatmif azmho;Hk avh&ydS gw,f/ a&S;u rif;trdeaYf wG
rSm ]oGm;NrJwidk ;f vrf;oGm;ap}? ]xk;H pHEiS t
hf nD pD&ifawmfro
l nf}qkw d mawG&UJ t"dygÜ ,fu owf
wmygyJ/ MuufiSufwkyfauG;jzpfvkdY Muufaumifa& b,favmufudk ]zsufqD;ypfvkduf&w,f}

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vkdYaMunmwm[mvnf; MuufawGudk owfypfwmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh wkduf&kdufokH;&if &ufpuf
&muswJhtwGuf ]zsufqD;ypfw,f}vkdYokH;awmh cHomwmaygh/ tJ'DtokH;rsKd;ukd t,OfokH;
pum; (euphemism) vkdYac:ygw,f/ ]ema&;}[mvnf; ]aoa&;}udkazmhNyD; ,Ofatmif? cH
omatmif okH;wmygyJ/
armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? Zlvkdifv
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
yk*Hausmufpmrsm;wGif awGY&aom ESpftrnfrsm;\tpOftvkduf trnftjynfh
tpkHESifht"dyÜg,frsm;udk odvkdygonf/ aus;Zl;jyKí ajzMum;ay;apvkdygonf/
OD;oef;xGef;
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a';'&JNrdKU/

ajz/ /yk*aH usmufpmawGrmS ESpt f rnfawG awG&Y ygw,f/ 12-&moDrmS &moDtvku d f pef;
,SOfeu©wf(vjynfh0ef;eJY,SOfwJheu©wf)trnfawGudk tpOftvkduf,lNyD; rSnfhac:xm;wm
jzpfygw,f/ wefcl;vrSm pef;,SOfeu©wfjzpfwJh]pdMw(Z,)qkdwJha0g[m&udk jrefrmrIjyKNyD;
]p,f}ESpfvkdY trnfay;ygw,f/ tJ'DvkdyJ uqkefv&JUpef;,SOfeu©wf]0domcg(0JoQmc)}qkdwJh
a0g[m&udk jrefrmrIjyKNyD; ]ydoQuf}ESpfvkdY ac:ygw,f/ wefcl;uae waygif;vtxd 12-
v&JUpef;,SOef u©waf wGu ]pdMw? 0domcg? aZ|? tmoV§? o&0Pf? bj'? to0eD(tó,kZ)Æ ?
Muwådu? rd*oD? zkoQ? rmC? b&*kPDwkdYjzpfygw,f/ (yk*Hacwfuawmh ouúwa0g[m&awG
okH;ygw,f/ ykHESdyfpmvkH;tcuftcJ&SdwmaMumifh tck ygVda0g[m&trnfawGudk jyxm;yg
w,f/)tJ'DtpOftwkdif; ESpftrnfawGudk ajym&&if p,fESpf? ydoQufESpf? pdóESpf? tmowf
ESp?f o&0PfEpS ?f bwfEpS ?f tmodeEf pS ?f (tmokwEf pS v f v
Ydk nf; &Sw
d ,f)? Muwku
d Ef pS ?f Nrduoú vdk f
ESpf? zkóESpf? rmCESpf? zvudkefESpfwkdYjzpfygw,f/ (yk*HausmufpmawGrSm pmvkH;aygif;ykHrluGJ
awG&Sdygw,f/ ck wpfrsKd;pDyJjyvkdufygw,f/ ]tmodef}ESpfqkdygawmh/ tmodef? tmodwf? tm
okwf? tokpfponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;a&;xm;ygw,f/)t"dyÜg,fzGifh&ifawmh b,fv&JUpef;,SOf
eu©wfjzpfwJhb,feu©wf&JUtrnfudk ,lxm;wJhESpfjzpfaMumif; zGifhqkdEkdifygw,f/ ]Muayguf
ESpf}qkd&if 12-ESpfpuf0ef;rSm wefaqmifrkef;v&JUpef;,SOfeu©wfjzpfwJhMuwådum&JUtrnfudk
,lwJh 8-ckajrmufESpftrnfukd zGifhEkdifygw,f/
yk*aH cwfu ESpt
f rnfawGo;Hk wJt h wGuf tJ'rD mS ESptf rnfawG[m 12-ESpw f pfBudrf
wpfywfvnfaeygw,f/ ouú&mZfukd wnf? 2-Ekwf? 12-eJYpm;? <uif;wJh*Pef;[m ESpfudk
nTe;f wJ*h Pef;ygyJ/ Oyrm 545 ck&UJ ESpt f rnfukd odcsif&if 2-Ekw?f 12-eJpY m;&if 3 <uif;w,f
r[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh ESpftrnfu wwd,ajrmufESpfjzpfwJhpdóESpfaygh/
ckacwfrSmawmh 12-ESpfpuf0ef;&JUESpftrnfawGudk oBuFefpmtp&SdwJhaA'ifudef;
cef;qkid &f m azmfjycsufawGrmS awGEY idk yf gao;w,f/ ]0domcgESp?f aZ|ESp?f Muwåu d mESp}f ponf
jzifh eu©wt f rnfawGtwkid ;f tac:rsm;ygw,f/ tus,favhvmcsif&if q&mBuD;OD;zk;d vwf
&JU]jrefrmaeYtrnfrsm;ESifhjrefrmESpftrnfrsm;}pmtkyfudk nTef;vkdygw,f/
Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
jrefrmtu©&m pwifjzpfay:vmykHukd jynfhpkHpGm ajzMum;ay;yg&ef yefMum;tyfyg
onfcifAsm;/
qvkdif;vdef;Ekdif

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t-x-u(1)? rif;wyfNrdKU/

ajz/ /jrefrmtu©&mpwifjzpfay:vmyk[ H m usrf;wpfapmifwpfzt YJG jzpf us,fus,fjyefY

jyefY a&;om;Mu? okawoejyKMuwJeh ,fy,fjzpfygw,f/ 'DrmS jynfjh ynfph pHk aHk jzMum;zkYd rvG,f
ygbl;/ tcsKyfajz&&ifawmh jrefrmtu©&m[m tdE´d,EkdifiHrSm bDpD 5 &mpkavmufu at'D
3 &mpkausmfavmuftxd xGef;um;cJhwJhjAm[®D (Brahmi) tu©&muqif;oufaMumif;od&
ygw,f/ c&pfEpS Of ;D ykid ;f rSm tdE,
d´ Ekifd if o
H m;awG ta&SUawmiftm&Sukd oabFmvTiNhf yD; a&muf
vmwJhtcg olwkdYeJYtwl Ak'¨bmom? jA[®Pbmom? "r®owfusrf;? tEkynmtrsKd;rsKd;eJY
jAm[®Dtu©&mta&;tom;awGygvmNyD; ysHYESHYoGm;w,fvkdYynm&SifawG ,lqMuygw,f/ jAm
[®t D u©&muaeNyD; tdE, d´ ajrmufyikd ;f ok;H tu©&meJY awmifyikd ;f ok;H tu©&mawG yGm;vm&mrSm
jrefrmtu©&m[m tdE´d,awmifydkif;okH; jAm[®Dtu©&myGm;jzpfwJh awvk*l-ue!D;tu©&m
jzpfaMumif;? tJ'Dtu©&mawGudk tkyfcsKyfwJhrif;udk tpGJjyKNyD; yv’0tu©&m? u'rÁtu©&m?
pmvkustu©&mponfjzifh tao;pdwcf jJG cm;ac:aMumif;? tJ'aD wvk*-l ue!Dtu©&muae
NyD; ysLtu©&m? rGeftu©&m? jrefrmtu©&mwkdY qif;oufaMumif; od&ygw,f/
Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
(1) yk*Hacwf jrefrmta&;tom;rS ,ckacwf jrefrmbmomodkY rnfodkYtqifhqifh
ajymif;vJvmykHudk az:jyay;ygcifAsm;/
(2) tDaemifeef;wGi;f ZmwfawmfBuD;udk ,k;d ',m;bmomrS jrefrmbmomjyefqadk &;
om;olrSm rnfol jzpfygoenf;/
armifaZmf[def;xufatmif
4-&yfuGuf? aygufacgif;NrdKU/

ajz/ /(1) yk*aH cwfta&;tom;u tckacwfta&;tom;udk b,fvadk jymif;vmw,f

qdw
k mjy&&if tu©&mykaH wGeYJ jy&rSmrkYd pmvk;H tcuftcJ&ydS gw,f/ erlemtaeeJY tajccHynm
txufwef;rSm oif&wJhjrefrmo'´g 1^6-rSm jyxm;ovkdygyJ/ tMurf;tm;jzifhawmh yk*H
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

acwfausmufpm? rifpmawGrSm av;axmifh(c&maxmifh)tu©&mawGa&;xkH;u ay&Gufay:

rSmusawmh av;axmifha&;vkdYr&wJhtwGuf t0kdif;(c&m0ef;)tu©&mawG a&;vm&mu ck
acwf tu©&mykHawG jzpfvmwmygyJ/
(2) tDaemifeef;wGi;f ZmwfawmfBuD;udk jrefrmbmomjyefqo dk u
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armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? Mo*kwfv
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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udkyJ okH;wmudk jrif& Mum;&ygw,f/
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t&kyfqkd;wJhtwkdif;tq ykdrsm;w,fvkdY qkdvkdwmyg/ 'DvkdyJ ]vrf;avQmuf&mrSm armifarmif
u ausmfausmfatmuf aES;w,f}? ]a&TcJu a&TvkH;atmuf ydefw,f}? ]aZmfaZmfu armfarmf
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vkdY ajzvkdufygw,f/
armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? pufwifbmv
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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OD;bab}}/ tb,faMumifh ,cktcg ]b}tpm; ]z}odkYajymif;vJoGm;ygoenf;/
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Yd wlyif i,fpOfu ]Muufoa&}[laomta&;tom;onf ,ck]usufoa&}

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[ka&;Muygonf/ tb,faMumifh ajymif;vJoGm;&ygoenf;/ q&m&Sif;jyay;yg/
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w,f/ toHajymif;&mrSmvnf; ]z}u ]b}udk ajymif;wwfygw,f/ ]pm;zm;}}vkdYa&;ayr,fh
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awG ajymif;vJ&mrSm ]z}u ]b}udk ajymif;wJhom"uvnf; &Sdygw,f/ ]bk&m;}udk yk*Hacwfu
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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

tvGefpufqkyfawmfrlygowJh/ tJ'Dawmh rdzk&m;BuD;&JUaemufvkdufrsm;u (r&kdraopum;

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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ajymif;avh&Sdygw,f/ ]b}u ]z}udk ajymif;avhr&Sdygbl;/ ]pm;zm;}vkdYa&;NyD; ]pm;bm;}vkdYt
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wJhtwGuf ydkNyD;vufcHp&m aumif;ygw,f/ 'Davmufqkd&if vkHavmufNyDxifygw,f/
(2) ]Muufoa&}u ]usufoa&}udk ajymif;wmr[kwfygbl;/ rlvu ]usufoa&}
vkdYa&;wmyg/ 'g a&;xkH;trSefygyJ/ yk*Hacwfu ]usufo&d,f}vkdY,yifheJYyJ a&;ygw,f/ 'D
pum;u ]usmufN*D}qkdwJhpum;u qif;oufygw,f/ usKduf&S&DvkdYtoHxGufygw,f/ usmuf
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abmygyJ/ ]Muufoa&}vkdYa&;wmuawmh MuufOD;acgif;pm;vkdYrif;jzpfwJhiwyg;rif;t
aMumif;wkdY? temxydPfolaX;&JUZeD;? olaX;uawmfBuD;&JUOD;acgif;rSm(rlvu Muuf&JUOD;
acgif;rSmwnfwJhtoa&[m)ajymif;a&TUwnfwJhtwGuf tJ'Dtoa&ukd vkdcsifvkdY rlvu
Muufudk awmif;wJhykPÖm;[m olaX;uawmfBuD;&JUOD;acgif;rSm toa&wnfawmh olaX;u
awmfBuD;udk awmif;vkrYd jzpfEidk w f t
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qkdwJhtaMumif;ygwJhtwGuf ]Muufoa&}vkdYaemufydkif;rSm ajymif;a&;wmyg/ ]Muufoa&}
a&;xkH;vnf; awmfawmfwGifus,fcJhygw,f/ ]usufoa&}vkdYtcka&;wmu trSefukd jyef
 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

ajymif;a&;wmyg/
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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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aMumif; &Sif;jyay;ygcifAsm/
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udk y,fazsmufwJhynmqkdwJhwefaqmifqDrD;vkdY qkdvkdwmygyJ/

armifcifrif("EkjzL)
r*Fvmarmifr,f? atmufwkdbmv
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

ar;/ /q&mBuD;cifAsm;?
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oefYZifxGef;? &yfapmuf/
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ajz/ /'Dpum;okH;vkH;u t"dyÜg,fcsif; odyfruGmygbl;/ okH;wJhae&mrSmawmh ae&mvkduf

NyD; uGmwmaygh/ ]pnf;rsOf;}eJY]pnf;urf;}u jrefrmpum;vkH;awGyg/ ]Oya'}uawmh ]Oya'
o}qkdwJhygVdpum;udk aemufu ]o}jzKwfNyD; arG;pm;,lxm;wJhpum;vkH;yg/
jrefrmtbd"mefrSm ]pnf;rsOf;}udk ]vltrsm;apmifha&Smufxdef;odrf; vdkufem&rnfh
usifhxkH;usifhpOf}vkdYteufzGifhNyD; ]pnf;urf;}ukdawmh ]vkdufemapmifhxdef;&rnfhusifh0wf}vkdY
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awGygyJ/ wpfv;Hk csif;cGMJ unf&h if ]pnf;}qkw d m ydik ;f jcm;owfrw S x
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tjcm;? awmif&JUab;u tydkif;tjcm;ygyJ/ 'Dawmh ]pnf;rsOf;}a&m? ]pnf;urf;}a&m vkduf
em&r,fhowfrSwfcsuf? uefYowfcsufawGygyJ/ okH;wJhae&mrSmawmh ]pnf;urf;}uydkNyD; a,
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 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä
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 ar;vkd&m&m jrefrmpm(2011-ckESpf)

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E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

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Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä Ä

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