JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Signals and Systems (15B11EC311) - 2017 ODD SEM

TUTORIAL 2: SIGNALS

1. Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If the signal is periodic,
determine its fundamental period and fundamental frequency.

(a) x(t ) = e j ( 4πt −1)

(b) x(t ) = 3[cos(2t − π3 )] 2
∞
(c) x(t ) = ∑ e − j ( 2t − 3k ) u (2t − 3k )
k = −∞

(d) x[n] = cos(4n + π4 )

(e) x[n] = (−1) n cos(2πn / 7)
(f) x[n] = 2 cos(2πn / 3) − 2 sin(πn / 8) + 2 cos(2πn / 7 + π / 6)

2. Determine the values of Power and Energy for each of the following signals:

(a) x(t ) = e j 3t u (t )
(b) x(t ) = 2 A⎡⎢ − + ∑ rect (t − 2k )⎤⎥
1 ∞

⎣ 2 k = −∞ ⎦
⎧t , 0≤ t ≤1
⎪
(c) x(t ) = ⎨ 2 − t , 1≤ t ≤ 2
⎪0,
⎩ otherwise
(d) x[n] = cos(4n + π3 )
(e) x[n] = (13 ) u[n]
n

⎛ πn ⎞
(f) x[n ] = cos⎝ ⎠ (u[n ]− u[n − 6])
3

3. Find the even and odd parts of these functions.

(a) g(t ) = 2t 2 − 3t + 6
⎛ π⎞
(b) g(t ) = 20cos⎝ 40π t − ⎠
4
2t − 3t + 6
2
(c) g(t ) =
1+ t
(d) g(t ) = sinc(t)
4. Consider the Continuous-time signals is shown in fig 1 and fig 2. Sketch and label carefully
each of the following signals:
a. x(t − 1) b. x(3t − 1)
c. −3x(2 − t ) d. [ x(t ) + x(−t )]u (t )
e. 3x(−t ) x(t − 1) f. x(t )[δ (t + 1 / 2) − δ(t − 1 / 2)]

fig 2.1 x(t)

fig 2.2 x(t) is a periodic signal with fundamental period 4

5. Consider the Discrete-time signals shown in fig 3 and fig 4. Sketch and label carefully each of
the following signals:
a. x[n + 2] b. x[3n − 1]
n
1− n ⎤
c. x ⎡⎢ ⎥ d. 1 ⎛ 1⎞
x[n] + ⎜ − ⎟ x[n]
⎣ 2 ⎦
2
⎝ 2⎠
e. −2 x[− n]u[2 − n] f. x[n][δ[n + 1] − δ[n − 2]]

fig 2.3 x[n]

 fig 2.4 x[n] is a periodic signal with fundamental period 6

6. Sketch the waveforms of following signals:

a. x ( t ) = u ( t ) − u ( t − 2) b. x ( t ) = r ( t + 1) − r ( t ) + r ( t − 2)
c. x[n ] = u[n + 1] − 2u[n ] + u[n − 2] d. x[n ] = r[n + 2] − r[n − 2]
e. x(t) = e-t u(t) f. x[n] = (2)n u[-n]

1 ⎛x
7. Let the CT unit impulse function be represented by the limit, δ ( x ) = lim tri⎝ ⎞⎠ , a > 0 .
a →0 a a
1 ⎛x
The function, tri⎝ ⎞⎠ has an area of one regardless of the value of a.
a a
1 ⎛ 4x
a. What is the area of the function, δ (4 x ) = lim tri⎝ ⎞⎠ ?
a→ 0 a a
1 ⎛ −6 x ⎞
b. What is the area of the function, δ (− 6 x ) = lim tri⎝ ?
a →0 a a ⎠
1 ⎛ bx
c. What is the area of the function, δ (bx ) = lim tri⎝ ⎞⎠ for b positive and
a→ 0 a a
for b negative?
d. Using a change of variable and the definition of the unit impulse, prove
that δ (a(t − t0 )) = δ (t − t0 )
1
a