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Synopsis Report
On
By
Prof. M.K.Chaudhari
RESEARCH, NASHIK.
OCT. (2015-16)
ABSTRACT:
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) powered by electric machines and an internal combustion engine
(ICE) are a promising mean of reducing emissions and fuel consumption without compromising
vehicle
functionality and driving performances. This paper presents the design of an environmental friendly
hybrid
car that feature the gasoline engine and batteries pack. The fuel consumption benefited by
hybridization are
benchmarked to conventional Gasoline and Diesel fueled vehicles. The relationship between fuel
consumption and vehicle weight is investigated for Gasoline as well as for Diesel fueled vehicles.
INTRODUCTION:
An electric vehicle is an emission free, environmental friendly vehicle. However, the electric vehicles
remain unpopular among the consumers due to their lack of Performance and their inability to travel
long
distances without being recharged. So, vehicle that embraces both the performance characteristics
of the
conventional automobile and the zero-emission characteristics of the electric vehicles are greatly
being
To meet increasing fuel economy and emissions legislation, the automotive industry will need to
undergo
drastic changes in vehicle and engine designs. Unlike conventional vehicles on the road today, hybrid
electric
vehicles (HEV) are designed with a smaller engine and an on-board energy storage system. The
smaller engine
allows the vehicle to achieve better fuel economy and fewer emissions. The efficiency benefits of
diesel
engines over gasoline engines make the diesel engine a strong contender for further improving fuel
economy.
The integration of diesel-engine technology into a hybrid electric vehicle configuration is one of the
most
promising ways to comply with fuel-economy and emissions legislation..
LITERATURE REVIEW:
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Electricity
means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an
electromotor
(from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor. Fuel means that a tank is required, and
that an
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power
,or that a
fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed
by the
electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor. Depending on
the drive
train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or
combined
1. Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between
mild
or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid. This will be
explained
in paragraph
2. Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between
combustion
In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection
(diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline,
methanol,
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
Although the automobile manufacturers have reduced the greenhouse gases such as hydro-carbons,
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc., from the vehicle, they cannot produce a zero-emission
vehicle unless
they produce an electric vehicle (EV). An electric vehicle is an emission free, environmental friendly
vehicle.
The proposed design of HEV intelligently gets around the individual problems associated with the
gasoline
engine and the electric vehicle. It diminishes the production of emissions and the use of fuel. The
problem of
batteries for the electric vehicle is conquered. An HEV charges itself; it never has to be plugged in.
When it
does not provide power, the motor can run as a generator to transfer energy from regenerative
braking and
DC Motor:
The type of motor used can vary depending on the power system of the vehicle and its size. Current
internal combustion hybrid cars tend to use AC induction motors due to both the power
requirements and the
Low-speed vehicles the desire would be to use some form of DC motor to decrease the overall
complexity of
the vehicle.
Alternator:
Alternator converts mechanical power to electrical power when the HEV is on negative slope of
ground. Further the rectifier converts input from alternator to dc which charges the batteries.
IC Engine:
A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine
with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels. Practically it
converts
These transmits the power from motor or engine to the wheels for propulsion of electric vehicle. It
may
Batteries:
Batteries store electric energy in form of chemical energy. They are connected in order to provide
electrical energy to motor connected in HEV. They can be Lead-acid or Li-ion batteries. Some
batteries also
Engine Controller:
Engine controller controls the IC engine i.e. it controls the fuel supply and spark ignitioning of the
Motor Controller:
Motor controller controls the electrical power input and thus the output of the motor.
The control action is obtained by controlling the input voltage using chopper.
Chassis:
The mechanical support for overall structure is provided by chassis. It is normally made of steel but
can
1. The battery size can be small, as both the engine and motor are connected to the drive
train.
2. Hybrid electric vehicles are environment friendly as they does not emit much
greenhouse gases.
3.
Conclusion:
An HEV can intelligently get around the individual problems associated with the gasoline engine and
the electric vehicle. It can diminish the production of emissions and the use of fuel. The problem of
References:
1. Poria Fajri, Nima Lotfi, Mehdi Ferdowsi and Robert G. Landers- “Development
of
an