Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by
Dr. M. Thirumaleshwar
formerly:
Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
St. Joseph Engg. College, Vamanjoor,
Mangalore
India
Preface
• This file contains slides on Heat Transfer
from Extended Surfaces (FINS).
• The slides were prepared while teaching
Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech.
students in Mechanical Engineering Dept.
of St. Joseph Engineering College,
Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept.
– Dec. 2010.
Qx Q x+dx
w X
X dx
L
Fig. 6.2(a) Rectangular fin of uniform crosssection
at x = ∞, θ ( x) T a Ta 0
Therefore:
θ ( x) θ o . exp( m. x)
Aug. 2016 MT/SJEC/M.Tech. 21
θ ( x)
i.e. exp( m. x)
θo
T( x) Ta
i.e. exp( m. x) ..........(6.3)
To Ta
d m .x
i.e. Q fin k.A c . θ o .e
dx x 0
Aug. 2016 MT/SJEC/M.Tech. 22
i.e. Q fin k . A c . m. θ o ........(6.4)
• Substituting for m:
h .P .
Q fin k . A c . θo
k.A c
Eqn. (6.4) or (6.5) gives the heat transfer rate through the fin.
• The governing
Q t
differential eqn:
2 (dT/dx) x=L = 0
d θ 2.
m θ 0 ............(6.1)
2
dx L
temperature distribution, eqn. (6.2, b), Fig. 6.4(a) Fin of finite length, end insulated
i.e.
• B.C.(i): at x = 0, θ ( x) T o Ta θ o
dT dθ
B.C.(ii): at x = L, 0 since the end is insulated.
dx dx
To
Temp. profile
From B.C. (i) and eq. (6.2,b): A θ o
dθ Ta TL
From B.C. (ii) and eq. (6.2,b): 0
dx x L
X
. sinh ( m. L)
We get: i.e. B θo
cosh ( m. L)
θ ( x) cosh ( m. ( L x) )
i.e. .....(6.6)......using relation no. ( n ) from Table 6.1
θo cosh ( m. L)
T( x) T a cosh ( m. ( L x) )
i.e. .......(6.7)
To Ta cosh ( m. L)
θ ( L) 1
.....(6.6, a)......since cosh(0) = 1
i.e. θo cosh ( m. L)
TL Ta 1
.....(6.7, a)
and, To T a cosh ( m. L)
To Ta
or, TL Ta ......(6.7, b)
cosh ( m. L)
Eqn. (6.8) or (6.9) gives the heat transfer rate from the fin,
insulated at its end.
Comparing eqn. (6.8) with that obtained for heat transfer
from an infinitely long fin viz. eqn. (6.4), we see that a fin
with insulated end becomes equivalent to an infinitely long
fin when tanh(m.L) = 1.
Aug. 2016 MT/SJEC/M.Tech. 28
Table 6.2
2 0.96403 0.2
2.4 0.98367 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
2.6 0.98903 X
2.8 0.99263 tanh(X)
3 0.99505 1/cosh(X)
3.2 0.99668
3.4 0.99777
3.6 0.99851
3.8 0.999
4 0.99933
4.2 0.99955
4.4 0.9997
4.6 0.9998
4.8 0.99986
5 0.99991
. dT
i.e. k h .θ L
dx x L
Fig. 6.5(b) Temp. profile for fin losing heat at its end
B.C.(i): at x = 0, θ ( x) T o Ta θ o
dθ ( x)
i.e. k. h . θ ( L) 0
dx x L
t
For rectangular fins: Lc L where '
t'is the thickness of fin
2
r
For cylindrical (round) fins: Lc L where '
r'is the radius of the cylindrical fin
2
h, T a
T1 T2
Q1 Q2 t
T1 Temp. profile
T2
X
Fig. 6.6. Fin of finite length, with specified temp. at two ends
and the temperature profile along the length
B.C.(ii): at x = : T T2 i.e. θ θ2
Eqn. (6.13) gives the heat transfer rate for a fin with
specified temperatures at its both ends.
L L
θ 1 . sinh m. L θ 1 . sinh m.
2 2
Therefore, θ min
sinh ( m. L)
. . m. L
2 θ 1 sinh
2
i.e. θ min .......(6.14)
sinh ( m. L)
For an infinitely long fin, actual heat transferred is given by eqn. (6.5):
h . P . k . A c . T o T a . tanh ( m. L)
ηf
h . P . L. T o T a
tanh ( m. L)
i.e. ηf
h .P .
L
k.A c
tanh ( m. L)
i.e. ηf ....(6.18)... fin efficiency for a fin with insulated end
m. L
t t
t w
w r1
L L
L r2
(a) Straight rectangular fin (b) Straight triangular fin (c) Circular fin of rectangular section
D D
L
L
(d) Pin fin, circular section (e) Pin fin, conical section
Fig. 6.8 Typical fins: (a) and (d) of uniform cross-section , and
(b), (c) and (e): of nonuniform cross-section
where Q max h . P . L. T o Ta
rectangular and
triangular sections.
Fin efficy. for rect. & triangular fins
1
0.95
0.85
0.75
Fin Efficiency
fins is also valid for 0.7
0.65
0.55
0.45
0.35
Q fin
i.e. ε f .....(6.20)
h .A c . T o Ta
k.P
i.e. ε f ......(6.21)
h .A c
Following significant conclusions may be derived from
this equation:
k.P
>4 ....(6.22)
.
hAc
Values of Qfin depend on the conditions at the tip of the fin and
may be obtained from Table 6.3.
Dividing eqn. (6.24,a) by eqn. (6.24,b), we get:
Rb Q fin
ε f ..(6.25)....from the definition of εf, in eqn.(6.20)
R fin h . A c . T o Ta
T( x) T a cosh ( m. ( L x) )
.......(6.7)
To Ta cosh ( m. L)
TL Ta 1
.....(a)
To T a cosh ( m. L)
h .P .
L must be as large as possible.
k.A c