National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology

“Effect of Number of Storeys

To Natural Time Period of Building”
Sudhir K. Patel#1, Prof. A.N.Desai*2, Prof V.B.Patel#3
#1
P.G. student at Structural engineering department, BVM engineering college,
Gujarat Technological University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.
1
sudhirpatel_me@yahoo.com
*2
Associate Professor at Structural engineering department, BVM engineering college,
Gujarat Technological University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.
#3
Associate Professor at Structural engineering department, BVM engineering college,
Gujarat Technological University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

ABSTRACT: Indian standard recommended that the natural time

period is a function of Height of building and the Base dimension of
the building. Here in this work, the attempt is to show that natural
time period is also a function of number of storeys.
Various R.C.C. building models are made in STAAD-Pro
software. Each R.C.C. buildings modelled to have base dimension of
70 meter ×70 meter. The height of the R.C.C. buildings is
approximately 90 meters. The storey height of the R.C.C. building is
changed from model to model. The change in the storey height is of
0.25 meter. As the storey height increase the number of storeys is
decrease. In each model the storey height is kept constant for each
storey. With the use of STAAD-Pro software analysis is carried out to
find maximum axial load on the column. Mass and stiffness of each
model is calculated manually. After finding mass and stiffness, natural
time period for each model is found out by lumped mass matrix
method of structural dynamics.
INTRODUCTION
The design of structures subjected to natural hazards such
as earthquakes and typhoons demands safety of structures which is
governed by the natural frequencies and the amount of damping in
each mode of vibration. The dynamic behaviour of structures is
governed by the fundamental natural frequency and the amount of
damping exhibited by each mode of vibration. Fundamental
frequency of a building and its damping has a remarkable effect on
the magnitude of its response.
In this research work, various R.C.C frame models have
been prepared in STAAD-Pro software. The height of each model
is kept approximately 90 meter. Plan dimension is 70 m × 70 m.
All columns and beams size in each model is same. Then, variation
in storey height is made. The storey height variation is 0.25 meter.
Means in first model storey height is 3 meter. In next models,
likewise, storey height is 3.25, 3.5, 3.75… 4.75, 5.0. With using
STAAD- Pro software analysis is carried out to find maximum
axial load. Mass and stiffness is manually calculated. After
calculating mass and stiffness, natural frequency and natural time
period is calculated. As the storey height increase, number of
storeys will be decrease. As per IS-1893, there is no variation in the
frequency as the formula for the natural time period on the basis of
height of building and base dimension of the building.
BACK GROUND
The 2002 version of IS 1893 has more clearly defined the
irregularities (vertical and horizontal) in the configuration of
buildings than the earlier version. The current specifications would
imply that most of the RCC buildings in the country have irregular
configurations, and have to be analysed as three-dimensional
systems. There are a number of commercial software packages,
which have the ability to analyses three-dimensional systems.
However, the main problems are with modelling of the structure
and member section properties. The Code provides no guidelines
on these aspects leading to a wide variation in the results of the
analyses.
All objects or structures have a natural tendency to
vibrate. The rate at which it wants to vibrate is its fundamental
period (natural frequency).
Fn=
Where,
K= Stiffness
M = Mass
As per IS 1893:2002 The approximate fundamental
natural period of vibration (T ), in seconds, of a moment-resisting
frame building without brick infill panels may be estimated by the
empirical expression:
Ta = 0.075 h0.75 for RC frame building
= 0.085 h0.75 for steel frame building
Where,
h = Height of building, in m. This excludes the basement storeys,
where basement walls are connected with the ground floor
deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes
the basement storeys, when they are not so connected.
The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (T),
in seconds, of all other buildings, including moment-resisting fame
buildings with brick infill panels, may be estimated by the
empirical expression:
Ta = 0.09h/

13-14 May 2011 B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar,Gujarat,India

 National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology

Where,
h= Height of building, in m
d=Base dimension of the building at the plinth level, in m, along
the considered direction of the lateral force.

PROBLEM FORMULATION
 Plan dimension : 70 m × 70 m
 Height of building : 90 m for sample
model(approximately)
 Height of each storey : changes from model to model
(3m,3.25m,3.5m,……,4.75m,5m)
 Number of bays along X-direction: 14 nos.
 Number of bays along Y-direction: 14 nos.
 Length of each bay(in X-direction): 5m
 Length of each bay(in Y-direction): 5m
 Column size: 450 mm × 450 mm (may be changed as per
actual design)
 Beam size: 300 mm × 600 mm (may be changed as per
actual design) Fig 2 Front view of a model
 Modules of elasticity of concrete: 2 ×105
 Grade of concrete: M-20
 Grade of steel: Fe-415
 Density of concrete: 25 KN/m3
 Density of brick masonry: 20 KN/m3
 Live load: 3 KN/m2
 Slab thickness: 120 mm
 Wall thickness: 230 mm (periphery wall)
115 mm (internal wall)
230 mm (parapet wall)
Fig shows one sample model shown above with plan dimension
(fig 1), front view (fig 2), and 3D view (fig 3).

Fig 3 3-D View of a model

As per the analysis carried out for all the load cases
manual concrete design is done for the maximum axial force for
column and maximum bending moment for beams considering all
load cases including earthquake in direction X. As per this revised
design, sizes for all columns are 1000×1000 mm and all the beams
are 300×600 mm.
For this revised section mass and stiffness is found out.
From this mass and stiffness natural frequency and natural time
period is calculated.

CALCULATION
Fig 1 plan of a sample model
Slab = 0.12×25×70×70 = 14700 KN
Beam = 0.3×0.6×25×70×70= 9450 KN
Live load = 70×70×1.5 =7350 KN
Column = 1×1×25×225×3 =16875 KN
Ex. Wall= 0.23×20×70×4×2.4 = 3091.2 KN

13-14 May 2011 B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar,Gujarat,India

 National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology

Int. Wall=0.115×20×70×26×2.4 = 10046.4 KN For this building the natural time period assuming infilled brick walls is
Total mass (m) = 61512.6 KN calculated based on codal provision is approximately 0.928 secs, for all the
= 6151260 kg models
.NOTE: The constant is obtained by preparing a programme in FORTRAN
K=∑ ωn = language for the lumped mass matrix method assuming that the stiffness of
each floor level and mass of each floor level are same.

= 1.666×109 N/mm = CONCLUSION

= 1.666×1012 N/m = 529.42Hz The conclusion drawn from this research work is, as the number of storeys
h= height of column increases natural time period increases although the height of the building
remains same.
ω = 529.42×0.05149 T=
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13-14 May 2011 B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar,Gujarat,India