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Stoichiometry PDF
Stoichiometry PDF
COMBUSTION
FUNDAMENTALS: moles and
kilomoles
Concentration of i specie:
• (moles of i specie) /volume
•(mass of i specie)/volume
Mole fraction:
• (moles of i specie)/(total number of moles of
species)
Mass fraction:
• (mass of i fraction)/(total mass)
STOICHIOMETRY OF
HYDROCARBONS OXIDATION
Fossil fuels are mainly compounds of carbon and
hydrogen (hydrocarbons - CmHn). The reaction of its oxidation
can by written by the equation of stoichiometry:
FUEL MIXTURE
Actual air
λ=
Stoichiometric air
20.9
λ≅
20.9 – [02]
AN EQUIVALENCE RATIO φ
(WSPÓŁCZYNNIK EKWIWALENCJI)
F/A
φ=
(F/A)s
1
φ=
λ
F – number of moles of fuel,
s - stoichiometric
A – number of moles of air.
AIR/FUEL RATIO (AFR) and
FUEL/AIR RATIO (FAR)
AFR = F/A
A – air mass-flow (A – air), kg/s
F – fuel mass-flow (F – fuel), kg/s
λ <1 λ =1 λ >1
φ>1 φ=1 φ<1
AIR EXCESS (n)
λ -1)∗
n = (λ ∗100%
STOICHIOMETRIC AIR/FUEL RATIO
FOR SELECTED GASES
λ= 114.62/104.2 = 1.1
n = (1.1 – 1.0)∗100% = 10%