gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× Kvwdi-

gykwiK‡`i PµvšÍ
Ges Zv †_‡K evuPvi Dcvq

1
 nK¡ Ges bv-n‡K¡i Ø›Ø m„wói ïiæ †_‡KB| gymjgvbMY Dbviv †h‡nZz nK¡cš’x,
ZvB bv-nK¡cš’x Bewjm kqZvb I Zvi †`vmi Kvwdi-gykwiKiv me©`v gymjgvb
Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× kÎæZv K‡i _v‡K| gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb cweÎ Kvjvgyjøvn kixd
Dbvi g‡a¨ Bikv` gyeviK K‡ib- ÒwbðqB gymjgvb Dbv‡`i me‡P‡q eo kÎæ Bû`x,
AZtci gykwiKÓ| (cweÎ m~iv gvwq`v kixd : cweÎ AvqvZ kixd 82)
†mUvB †`Lv hvq, Kvwdi-gykwiKiv cÖwZwbqZ bvbvb Dcv‡q, bvbvfv‡e gymjgvb
Dbv‡`i ÿwZ Ki‡Z e× cwiKi| GRb¨ Zviv wewfbœ ai‡bi PµvšÍI K‡i _v‡K|
·qv`k Cmvqx kZvãx‡Z ‡kl µz‡mW hy‡× Kvwdiiv hLb nhiZ mvjvûwÏb AvBq~ex
ingZzjøvwn AvjvBwn Dbvi wbKU Pigfv‡e civwRZ nq, ZLb Zviv eyS‡Z mÿg nq,
Zviv Avi KLbB m¤§yLhy‡× gymjgvb Dbv‡`i mv‡_ ‡c‡i DV‡e bv| KviY gymjgvb
Dbv‡`i wbKU i‡q‡Q Ggb GK Kz`iwZ kw³, hv‡K ejv nq Cgvbx KzIIqvZ| GB
kw³ hZÿY gymjgvb Dbv‡`i wbKU _vK‡e ZZÿY nvRvi †Póv K‡iI gymjgvb
Dbv‡`i‡K civwRZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e bv| Z‡e hw` gymjgvb Dbv‡`i †_‡K †mB Kz`iwZ
kw³Lvbv mwi‡q †`qv hvq, Z‡eB gymjgvb Dbv‡`i civwRZ Kiv m¤¢e, ZLb gymjgvb
Dbviv msL¨vq hZ †ewk nIK, †mUv mgm¨v n‡e bv|
†mB †_‡K Kvwdi-gykwiKiv gymjgvb Dbv‡`i m¤§yLhy‡× nviv‡bvi wPšÍv ev`
†`q, MÖnY K‡i wfbœ cø‡Ui `xN©‡gqv`x cwiKíbv| GB cwiKíbvq gymjgvb Dbv‡`i
Cgvbx KyIIqvZ bó Z_v ˆbwZK Pwi‡Îi Aeÿq m„wó‡KB AwaK ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq|
eZ©gv‡b Av‡gwiKv, BmivBj, fviZ, ivwkqv, Pxb, weª‡Ubmn Zver Kvwdiiv †h
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i Dci hyjyg-wbh©vZb K‡i hv‡”Q Zvi †cQ‡b i‡q‡Q Kvwdi‡`i †mB
`xN© †gqv`x cø¨v‡bi ev¯Íevqb|
Avgvi G †jLvq Kvwdi‡`i wewfbœ PµvšÍ, Zvi ev¯Íevqb I Zvi †_‡K wK K‡i D×vi
cvIqv hvq †m m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i Pµv‡šÍi wKQz iƒc

Bû`x‡`i cÖ‡UvKj
Ò`¨ cÖ‡UvKjÓ GKwU HwZnvwmK cy¯K Í , †hLv‡b mgMÖ wek¦‡K wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z KzPµx
Bû`x‡`i `xN© †gqvw` (cÖvq 500 eQi) cwiKíbv ev bxj bKkv wjwce× Av‡Q|
`ywbqvi gvbyl‡K me©cÖ_g G eBwU m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡iwQ‡jv Aa¨vcK ÔmviwKj G
bvBjvmÕ bvgK R‰bK iækxq cv`ªx| 1905 mv‡j Aa¨vcK bvBjvm wb‡R D‡`¨vMx n‡q
eBwU cÖKvk K‡i| d«v‡Ýi GKwU wd«-g¨vmb jR †_‡K R‰bK gwnjv (m¤¢eZ wneªæ
fvlvq wjwLZ) g~j eBwU Pzwi K‡i G‡b Zv‡K Dcnvi w`‡qwQj| bvBjvm a‡g© wLª÷vb
2
wQj| †m ¯^xq ag©‡K Bû`x lohš¿ †_‡K iÿv Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B G eBwU wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q
†ck Kivi Rb¨ D`MÖxe n‡q D‡VwQj|
eZg©vb mg‡q Bû`xiv †hfv‡e A_©bxwZ, wgwWqv, wkÿv e¨e¯’v BZ¨vw` wbqš¿Y K‡i mgMÖ
wek¦‡K KivqvZ¡ Kivi Ac‡Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q G bxj bKkvq †mB ai‡biB wek¦ iv‡óªiB
cwiKíbv Kiv n‡qwQj| mv¤cÖwZK BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e, c„w_ex‡Z †h
KqwU eo ai‡bi NUbv ev `yN©Ubv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB cÖ‡UvKj eB‡q c~e©
†_‡KB Zvi cwiKíbv fwel¨ØvYxi g‡Zv wjwce× wQj|

wgwWqv wbqš¿Y
Kvwdi gykwiKiv gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× †h mg¯Í A¯¿ mdjfv‡e e¨envi K‡i‡Q
Zvi g‡a¨ me©vwaK kw³kvjx A¯¿ n‡”Q wgwWqv| eZ©gvb hy‡M wgwWqv‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iB
Kvwdi-gykwiKiv gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× GK‡PwUqv KvR K‡i _v‡K| G wgwWqvi
gva¨‡g cÖwZwbqZ Bmjvg I gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× e¨vcKnv‡i AccÖPvi Kiv nq,
mKj Lei cÖPvi Kiv nq Kvwdi‡`i c‡ÿ Ges gymjgvb Dbv‡`i wec‡ÿ| d‡j mviv
we‡k¦i RbgZ P‡j hvq Kvwdi‡`i c‡ÿ|
D‡jøL¨ eZ©gvb mg‡q †h mKj wgwWqvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡”Q Bû`xiv, Zb¥‡a¨ 200wU †iwWI
†÷kb, 1700 wUwf P¨v‡bj Ges ˆ`wbK, mvßvwnK I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvq 22 nvRvi g¨vMvwRb
G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwbqZ cweÎ Øxb Bmjvg Ges gymjgvb Dbv‡`i weiæ‡× AccÖPvi
Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

†ec`©v-†envqvcbvi cÖPvi
Kvwdiiv gymjgvbMY Dbv‡`i Cgvbx KzIIqvZ (kw³) aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q
Pig †ec`©v-†envqvcbvi wel| Avi ‡mB wel Qov‡bvi mnR gva¨g n‡”Q- Qwe, wUwf,
wWk G‡›Ubv, c‡b©vMÖvwd BZ¨vw`| G¸‡jvi gva¨‡gB aŸsm Kiv n‡”Q gymjgvb Dbv‡`i
ˆbwZK PwiÎ, aŸsm n‡”Q Cgvbx KzIIqvZ| †`Lv hv‡”Q, gymwjg †`k¸‡jv †ec`©v -
‡envqvcbvi cÖPv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ Kvwdiiv G gva¨g¸‡jv‡K LyeB mnRjf¨ K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
†hgb- Kvwdi‡`i †`‡k cÖ‡Z¨KwU wUwf P¨v‡bj †`L‡Z Avjv`v A_© w`‡Z nq, A_P
evsjv‡`‡k gvÎ 200 UvKvi wewbg‡qB me P¨v‡bj †`Lv m¤¢e|

¸ßPie„wË
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i ÿwZ Kivi Rb¨ Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i wewfbœ †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v¸‡jv
Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q, †hgb- BmivB‡ji †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v ‡gvmv`, hy³iv‡óªi †Mv‡q›`v
ms¯’v wmAvBG, weªwUk †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v GgAvBwm·, Px‡bi GgGmGm, ivwkqvb
3
†Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v GdGmwe, fviZxq †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v ÔiÕ BZ¨vw`| D‡jøL¨ 18 kZvãx‡Z
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i cÖvY‡K›`ª Avi‡e gymjgvb Dbv‡`i ÿwZ Kivi Rb¨ weª‡Ub cÖvq 3
jÿ †Mv‡q›`v ‡cÖiY K‡iwQj| Gi g‡a¨ ïay n¨vgcvi bvgK GK †Mv‡q›`v mdj n‡q
evwZj wdiKv Invex gZev‡`i Rb¥ w`‡Z mÿg nq| cieZ©xKv‡j wesk kZvãx‡Z
Bû`x eskai mD` cwievi‡K Avi‡ei ÿgZvq ¯’vb K‡i w`‡Z Aci weªwUk ‡Mv‡q›`v
j‡iÝ mdjZvi mv‡_ Kvh©µg Pvjvq|

gymjgvb Dbv‡`i Ávb-weÁvb Pzwi

eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK Ávb-weÁvb ej‡Z †hUv †evSvq, Zvi RbK n‡”Q gymjgvbMY| ïiæ
†_‡KB gymjgvbMY wQ‡jb Ávb weÁv‡b mg„× I cÖvPzh©gq, Aciw`‡K Kvwdiiv wQ‡jv
g~L©, AÁ I ee©i| D‡jøL¨, 1258 mv‡j nvjv¸ Lvb gymwjg Ávb weÁv‡bi ‡K›`«we›`y
evM`v` bMix‡Z aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq| aŸsm K‡i gymwjg Ávb weÁv‡bi ‡K›`« evBZyj
wnKgvn jvB‡e«ix| GB jvB‡e«ix ‡_‡K gymjgvb Dbv‡`i A‡bK Ávb-weÁvb M‡elYv
eB Pywi hvq, hv cieZ©x‡Z Bû`x I wL«óvb RvwZ KivqZ¡ K‡i †d‡j| GKBfv‡e
1492 mv‡j cZb nq ‡¯ú‡b gymwjg kvm‡bi| H mgq ‡¯úb wQ‡jv gymwjg mf¨Zvi
Ab¨Zg c«vY‡K›`«, ‡hLv‡b wekvj jvB‡e«ix‡Z msiwÿZ wQ‡jv gymwjg weÁvbx‡`i
M‡elYvag©x eBmg~n| ‡¯úb `L‡ji ci wL«÷vbiv ‡¯ú‡bi jvB‡e«ix¸‡jv `Lj K‡i,
Zviv A‡bK eB mwi‡q ‡d‡j, A‡bK eB b`x‡Z ‡d‡j ‡`q, Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv Av¸‡b
aŸsm K‡i ‡d‡j| 15kÕ kZvãxi †kl w`‡K gymwjg weÁvbx‡`i ‡_‡K Pywi Kiv
eB¸‡jv wb‡qB 17kÕ kZvãx‡Z BD‡ivcxq‡`i g‡a¨ Ávb weÁv‡bi m~Pbv N‡U| Zviv
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i †_‡K Pzwi Kiv eB¸‡jv Abyev` Ki‡Zv Ges wb‡R‡`i bv‡g cÖPvi
Ki‡Zv| Z‡e gymjgvb Dbv‡`i wjwLZ AwaKvsk eB wQ‡jv Aviex fvlvq, wL«÷vbiv
Aviex Lye GKUv eyS‡Zv bv, wKš‘ Bû`xiv eyS‡Zv| ZvB wL«÷vbiv gymjgvb Dbv‡`i
eB¸‡jv Bû`x‡`i Kv‡Q w`‡qwQ‡jv Abyev‡`i Rb¨| Bû`xiv wQ‡jv a~Z©| Zviv ej‡Zv-
ÔGKUv GKUv eB w`‡j n‡e bv, me `vI, Avgiv avivevwnKfv‡e Abyev` K‡i w`‡evÕ|
Bû`x‡`i G K_v ï‡b wL«÷vbiv Zv‡`i‡K AwaKvsk eB ‡`q, ‡hLvb ‡_‡K Bû`xiv
‡ewkifvM ¸iæZ¡c~Y© M‡elYv wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Q ‡i‡L ‡`q| GB Kvi‡Y eZ©gv‡b Bû`x‡`i
g‡a¨ ‡ewkifvM Kw_Z weÁvbxi ‡`Lv wg‡j|

wkÿv e¨e¯’v cwieZ©b Ges wm‡jev‡m KzdixÕi cÖ‡ek:

weªwUkiv G Dcgnv‡`‡k ÿgZv `Lj Kivi ci G‡`‡k cÖvq 80 nvRvi g³e eÜ K‡i
†`q, Pvjy K‡i Zv‡`i cÖewZ©Z wm‡jevm Abyqvqx KjKvZv Avwjqv gv`ivmv (1780
mv‡j Iqv‡ib †nw÷s)| Gici fvi‡Zi †`Ie›` gv`ivmv (cÖwZôv mvj : 1866)
4
ˆZwii Rb¨ Rwg †`q weªwUkiv| cieZ©x‡Z weªwUk AbyPi GB †`Ie›`x‡`i gva¨‡gB
Qov‡bv nq wewfbœ Kzdix AvK¡x`v| bvDhywejøvn!
eZ©gvb mg‡q GKB BwZnv‡mi cybive„wË n‡”Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wkÿvbxwZ Z_v
cvV¨m~wP †_‡K nhiZ bex- im~j AvjvBwngym mvjvg, nhiZ Avn‡j evBZ kixd
AvjvBwngym mvjvg, nhiZ Qvnvev‡q wKivg iwØqvjøvû Zvqvjv Avbûg Ges nhiZ
AvDwjqv‡q wKivg ingZzjøvwn AvjvBwng Dbv‡`i Rxebx gyeviK Zz‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q
Ges cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q †`qv n‡q‡Q Kvwdi‡`i Rxebx| GKB mv‡_ gymjgvb Dbv‡`i
BwZnvm-HwZn¨ Zz‡j w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨K †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡q‡Q wewfbœ Kzdix Z_v
†eØxbx-eØxbx KvjPvi| G wkÿv wm‡jev‡mi gva¨‡g GKwU wkïi gb-gw¯Í‡®‹ †QvU‡ejv
†_‡KB nvivg I Kzdix cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡”Q, d‡j wkïwU †QvU †ejv †_‡KB
Kydixcš’vq †e‡o DV‡Q| bvDhywejøvn!

my` wfwËK A_©bxwZ Pvjy

Ògnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb e¨emv‡K nvjvj K‡i‡Qb, my`‡K nvivg K‡i‡Qb|Ó (cweÎ
m~iv evK¡viv kixd : AvqvZ kixd 275) Ò†h e¨w³ GK cqmv nvivg Lvq, Zvi 40
w`‡bi Bev`Z Keyj nq bv|Ó (cweÎ nv`xQ kixd)
A_P †`Lv hv‡”Q, eZ©gv‡b gymjgvb †`k¸‡jv‡ZI e¨vsK, BÝy¨‡iÝ, exgv, mwgwZ
me©ÎB my‡`i Kvievi| nvivg my` Qvov Avw_©K e¨e¯’v eZ©gv‡b Luy‡R cvIqvB `y®‹i|
`ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ Kvwdi iv󪸇jv‡Z e¨vs‡K my‡`i nvi †hLv‡b gvÎ 1 kZvsk,
†mLv‡b gymjgvbMY Dbv‡`i †`‡k my‡`i nvi cÖvq 15 kZvsk ev Z`~aŸ©| Dciš‘ Bû`x
G‡R›U Djvgv‡q m~Õiv Bmjvgx e¨swKs-Gi bv‡g my` wfwËK nvivg †jb‡`b K‡i hv‡”Q,
hv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Kzdixi bvgvšÍi|

gymjgvb Dbv‡`i †K›`ª¯’‡j Bû`x es‡kv™¢‚Z mD` cwievi‡K kvmKiƒ‡c

emv‡bv:
eZ©gv‡b Kvwdi gykwiK‡`i Ab¨Zg mdjZv n‡”Q gymjgvb Dbv‡`i †K›`ª¯’j Z_v
cweÎ g°v kixd I cweÎ g`xbv kixd Dbv‡`i ‡`k Z_v mD`x Avi‡ei ÿgZvq
Bû`x es‡kv™¢‚Z mD` cwievi‡K emv‡bv| †`Lv hv‡”Q eZ©gv‡b gymwjg we‡ivax mg¯Í
AivRKZvi g~j n‡”Q GB mD` cwievi| Zviv GKw`‡K ‡hgb wek¦R y‡o CgvbweaŸsmx
Invex-mvjvwd AvK¡x`v cÖPvi-cÖmvi K‡i hv‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K Av‡gwiKvmn Zver
Kvwdi‡`i gymjgvb Dbv‡`i Dci hyjyg Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ A_© mnvqZv w`‡q hv‡”Q|
bvDhywejøvn!

5
Bû`x G‡R›U Djvgv‡q m~
cweÎ nv`xQ kixd Dbvi g‡a¨ Bikv` gyeviK n‡q‡Q, Òm„wói wbK…ó n‡”Q ag©e¨emvqx
gvjvbv Z_v Djvgv‡q m~|Ó eZ©gvb mg‡q Djvgv‡q m~ Z_v ag©e¨emvqx gvjvbv †Mvôx
Bû`x G‡R›U iƒ‡c KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i cÖZ¨ÿ Ges c‡ivÿ wbqš¿‡Y
GB fÐ gvjvbv †Mvôx m¤§vwbZ Bmjvgx kixqZ Dbvi `„wó‡Z nvivg welqmg~mn
(†hgb- Qwe, †Uwjwfkb, wUwf‡Z †cÖvMvg, Mvb-evRbv, †Ljvayjv, MYZš¿, niZvj,
jsgvP© BZ¨vw`) †K nvjvj e‡j fzj dZIqv cÖPvi Ki‡Q| bvDhywejøvn| GivB cweÎ
mvBwq¨`yj AvBqv` kixd, cweÎ jvBjvZzj eivZ, cweÎ jvBjvZzj †givRmn mKj
Bmjvgx w`em¸‡jvi weiæ‡× dZIqv w`‡”Q, wKš‘ Kvwdi‡`i wewfbœ w`em (‡hgb-
c‡njv ˆekvL, _vwU© dv÷ bvBU, †g w`em, 1jv GwcÖj) BZ¨vw`i c‡ÿ dZIqv cÖPvi
Ki‡Q| bvDhywejøvn| g~jZt GB Djvgv‡q QzÕ‡`i †_‡KB evwZj 72 †diKvi m~Pbv,
G‡`i weåvwšÍi Kvi‡YB AvR‡K gymjgvbMY Cgvb bó K‡i Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i c_
†e‡Q wb‡”Q| bvDhywejøvn!

gymjgvb Dbv‡`i Rb¥ wbqš¿‡Yi †Póv

eZ©gv‡b Kvwdiiv evsjv‡`kmn wewfbœ gymwjg †`‡k `ªæZ ea©bkxj RbmsL¨v wbqš¿‡Yi
Rb¨ Zv‡`i wewfbœ GbwRIÕi gva¨‡g webv g~‡j¨ Rb¥wb‡ivaK w`‡q hv‡”Q| Kvwdiiv
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i LvIqv-civi fq †`wL‡q nvivg Rb¥ wbqš¿Y c×wZ MÖn‡Y cÖjyä
K‡i| Zviv G‡`‡k †køvMvb Pvjy K‡i‡Q, Ò`ywU mšÍv‡bi †ewk bq, GKwU n‡j fv‡jv
nq|Ó Giv gymwjg †`‡k Rb¥ wbqš¿Y‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z cyi¯‹vi †NvlYv Ki‡Q| A_P
Kvwdi iv󪸇jv‡Z D‡ëv †ewk mšÍvb MÖnY Ki‡j cyi®‹…Z Kiv n‡”Q| bvDhywejøvn!

gymwjg †`k¸‡jvi m¤ú` jyÉb

Kvwdi-gykwiKiv gymwjg †`k¸‡jv †_‡K bvbvb Dcv‡q m¤ú` Pzwi Ki‡Q| mv¤úªwZK
mg‡q †`Lv hv‡”Q, Kvwdiiv BivK †_‡K †Zj, AvdMvwb¯Ívb †_‡K LwbR m¤ú`,
Avwd«Kvb gymwjg †`k¸‡jv †_‡K g~j¨evb LwbR m¤ú` jy‡Ucy‡U wb‡q hv‡”Q|

†`‡k †`‡k K‚UbxwZi QÙvei‡Y gybvwdK ˆZwi

Kvwdiiv wewfbœ K‚U‰bwZK QÙvei‡Y gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡Z gybvwdK ev wek¦vmNvZK
‰Zixi Kvh©µg Pvjvq| GB gybvwdKiv gymwjg‡`k¸‡jvi kvmb ÿgZvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c‡`
Ae¯’vb K‡i| Zviv ïay bv‡g gymjgvb nq, wKš‘ me©`v Kvwdi‡`i cÿ KvR K‡i
_v‡K| GivB gymwjg †`‡k Kvwdi‡`i G‡RÛvmg~n ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K|

6
b~‡i gyRvmmvg nvexeyjøvn ûh~i cvK Qjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg Dbvi
cweÎ nv`xQ kixd Dbvi g‡a¨ gymjgvb Dbv‡`i eZ©gvb Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K©
fwel¨ZevYx K‡i:
b~‡i gyRvmmvg, nvexeyjøvn ûh~i cvK Qjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg wZwb Bikv` gyeviK
digvb, ÒkxNªB Ggb GK mgq Avm‡e, hLb c„w_exi wewfbœ RvwZiv G‡K Aci‡K
gymjgvb Dbv‡`i Dci Suvwc‡q covi Rb¨ ci¯úi‡K Avnevb Ki‡e, †hfv‡e ÿzavZ©
‡bK‡o Zv‡`i Lvev‡ii Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o|Ó †KD GKRb wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Ò†mB
mgq wK Avgiv msL¨vq Kg _vK‡ev?Ó Dˇi b~‡i gyRvmmvg, nvexeyjøvn ûh~i cvK
Qjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg wZwb ej‡jb, Òbv, †m mgq msL¨vq †Zvgiv n‡e
AMwYZ| wKš‘ †Zvgiv n‡e eb¨vi cvwb‡Z †f‡m Avmv LoKy‡Uvi g‡Zv (A_©vr
kw³nxb)| kÎæ‡`i AšÍ‡i †Zvgv‡`i m¤ú‡K© †h fq Av‡Q Avjøvn Zv DwV‡q †b‡eb
Ges †Zvgv‡`i AšÍ‡i wZwb ÔAnvbÕ wb‡ÿc Ki‡eb|Ó GKRb Qvnvex iwØqvjøvû Zvqvjv
Avbû wZwb wR‡Ám Ki‡jb,ÒBqv im~jvjøvn Bqv nvexevjøvn Qjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjøvg! ÔAnvbÕ wK?Ó
b~‡i gyRvmmvg, nvexeyjøvn ûh~i cvK Qjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg wZwb ej‡jb,
Ò`ywbqvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv Avi g„Zy¨i cÖwZ N„Yv|Ó (Avey `vD` kixd, gymbv‡` Avng`
kixd)
eZ©gvb mg‡q mKj cwiw¯’wZi mv‡_ Dc‡iv³ cweÎ nv`xQ kixdLvbv ûeyû wg‡j hvq|

Kvwdi‡`i lohš¿ I hyjyg †_‡K evuP‡Z n‡j wK Ki‡Z n‡e?

1) kÎæ wPb‡Z n‡e:
Kvwdi‡`i bvbvb Kvq`vq PµvšÍ †_‡K evuP‡Z gymjgvb Dbv‡`i cÖ_‡g kÎæ wPb‡Z n‡e| Avi
GRb¨ kÎæ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z n‡j cweÎ KziAvb kixd I cweÎ nv`xQ kixd
fv‡jvfv‡e cvV Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ‡mLvb †_‡K `„p AvK¡x`v †cvlY Ki‡Z n‡e Kvwdi-gykwiKiv
n‡”Q gymjgvb Dbv‡`i m‡e‡P‡q eo kÎæ| gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb Bikv` gyeviK K‡ib-
ÒBû`x-bvQviv Z_v Avn‡j wKZve‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB cÖwZwnsmvekZ: Pvq †h, gymjgvb
nIqvi ci †Zvgv‡`i‡K †Kvb iK‡g Kvwdi evwb‡q w`‡Z|Ó (cweÎ m~iv evK¡viv kixd : cweÎ
AvqvZ kixd 109)
gnvb Avjøøvn cvK wZwb Bikv` gyeviK K‡ib, ÒBû`x-bvQviviv Z_v Kvwdi-gykwiKiv KLbI
†Zvgv‡`i (gymjgvbMY Dbv‡`i) cÖwZ mš‘ó n‡e bv hZÿY ch©šÍ †Zvgiv Zv‡`i ag© MÖnY bv
Ki‡e ev AbyMZ bv n‡e|Ó (cweÎ m~iv evK¡viv kixd : cweÎ AvqvZ kixd 120)

7
2) kÎæ Z_v Kvwdi-gykwiK‡K eÜz iƒ‡c MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv:
G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb Bikv` gyeviK K‡ib- Ò†n gyÕwgbMY! †Zvgiv Bû`x I
wLª÷vb‡`i‡K eÜyiƒ‡c MÖnY Ki bv, Zviv ci¯úi ci¯ú‡ii eÜy| †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD
Zv‡`i‡K eÜyiƒ‡c MÖnY Ki‡j †m Zv‡`iB GKRb n‡e|Ó (cweÎ m~iv gvwq`v kixd : cweÎ
AvqvZ kixd 51)
ÒgyÕwgbMY †hb gyÕwgbMY e¨ZxZ Kvwdi‡`i‡K eÜyiƒ‡c MÖnY bv K‡i| †h Giƒc Ki‡e Zvi
mv‡_ gnvb Avjøvn cvK Dbvi †Kvb m¤úK© _vK‡e bv|Ó (cweÎ m~iv Avj Bgivb kixd :
cweÎ AvqvZ kixd 28)

3) kÎæ Z_v Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i wKQz‡ZB AbymiY Kiv hv‡e bv:

G m¤ú‡K© gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb Bivkv` gyeviK K‡ib, ÒZviv GUvB Kvgbv K‡i †h, Zviv
†hiƒc Kzdix K‡i‡Q †ZvgivI †miƒc Kzdix Ki, hv‡Z †Zvgiv Zv‡`i mgvb n‡q hvI|Ó
(cweÎ m~iv Avb wbmv kixd : cweÎ AvqvZ kixd 89)
†h e¨w³ †h m¤cÖ`v‡qi mv‡_ wgj iv‡L, †m Zv‡`i `jfz³ Ges Zvi nvki-bki Zv‡`i
mv‡_B n‡e|Ó (mybv‡b Ave~ `vD` kixd, gymbv‡` Avng` kixd)

gymjgvb Dbv‡`i GLb KiYxq wK??

n°vbx Ijx AvjøvnMY Dbv‡`i gyeviK †Qvne‡Z Avmv e¨ZxZ †KD Bû`x-wLª÷vb Z_v
Kvwdi‡`i PµvšÍ eyS‡Z mÿg n‡e bv| KviY n°vbx Ijx AvjøvnMY Dbviv gnvb Avjøvn cvK
Dbvi Zid †_‡K Bj‡g Mvwqe Dbvi AwaKvix nb| gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb Bikv` gyeviK
K‡ib: Ò†Zvgiv hviv Rv‡bv bv, huviv Avn‡j whwKi ev AvjøøvnIqvjv Dbv‡`i Kv‡Q wRÁvmv
K‡i †R‡b bvI|Ó (cweÎ m~iv bvnj kixd : cweÎ AvqvZ kixd 43) myZivs hZÿY ch©šÍ
`ywbqvi gyneŸZ Z¨vM K‡i ciKv‡ji Avgj bv Ki‡e A_©vr nvK¡xK¡x gyÕwgb bv n‡e ZZÿY
ch©šÍ Kvwdi-gykwi‡Ki nvZ †_‡K euvPv m¤¢e bq| GKRb n°vbx Ijx AvjøvnMY LvQ Dbvi
gyeviK †Qvne‡Z G‡m K¡je BQjvn ev cwiï× K‡i Cgvbx e‡j ejxqvb n‡jB Kvwdi-
gykwiK‡`i mKj PµvšÍ †_‡K wndvhZ nIqv m¤¢e| myenvbvjøvn!

gnvb Avjøvn cvK wZwb Ges Dbvi wcÖqZg im~j b~‡i gyRvmmvg nvexeyjøvn ûh~i cvK Qjøvjøvû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg Dbviv mKj gymjgvb‡K Kvwdi-gykwiK‡`i mKj PµvšÍ I hyjyg wbh©vZb
†_‡K †ndvRZ Kiæb| Avwgb|

g~j¨: 15 UvKv