Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRSENTED BY:
DEVASHISH (501/05)
RAKESH RANJAN (507/05)
MANOOL CHAUDHARY (512/05)
ANAND SAURABH (521/05)
SRITI SINGH (528/05)
B. Arch (6th sem)
NIT patna
smart home example
p scenario 1
A scenario such as 'I'm Home' could be triggered by pressing one button on a key‐
ring remote‐control from your vehicle as you approach the driveway. The control
system receives the key‐ring remote‐control's command. This will then trigger a
i h k i l' d Thi ill h i
pre‐programmed sequence of functions. For example starting by turning on the
lighting in the driveway, garage, hallway, and kitchen. It then disarms the security
system, opens the garage door, unlocks the interior garage entry door, adjusts
the heating to a preset temperature, and turns on the whole‐house audio system
playing your favourite cd, whilst drawing you a bath.
smart home example scenario 2
At 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background;
the lights in your bedroom switch on; 'fading up' to allow you to wake up in your own
time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de‐activated. In the kitchen the coffee
machine turns on to make a drink The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel
machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel
heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you haven't even got up yet.
smart home
'Smart home' is an alternative term for an intelligent residential building, or an
'Smart home' is an alternative term for an intelligent residential building or an
intelligent home. A few years ago these concepts were considered futuristic and
fanciful. Now they are reality.
A smart home or building is a home or building, usually a new
one, that is equipped with special
structured wiring to enable
Occupants to remotely
control or program an
array of automated
home electronic
devices by entering
a single command.
history
The notion of buildings as machines for living in," as pioneering modernist
The notion of buildings as "machines for living in as pioneering modernist
architect Le Corbusier put it in the 1920s, morphs to fit the technologies and
issues of the day.
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In the '70s, it was energy efficiency.
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In the '80s, computer technology spawned "smart" buildings sporting automated
controls and pre‐configured information systems.
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The high technology concept of intelligent building systems was introduced in the
United States in the early 1980s.
The November, 1985 issue of Engineering Digest carried an article showing how steel
framing and cellular steel flooring have contributed to building intelligence.
In New York, the Rockefeller Center created its own telecommunications
corporation to implement a sophisticated shared telecommunications system in
all of its 19 buildings.
Home automation can include the scheduling and automatic operation of water sprinkling,
heating and air conditioning window coverings security systems lighting and food
heating and air conditioning, window coverings, security systems, lighting, and food
preparation appliances.
Home automation may also allow vital home functions to be controlled remotely from
h i h ld i d h I R l b
anywhere in the world using a computer connected to the Internet. Remote control can be
extended to telephones and answering machines, fax machines, amateur radios and other
communications equipment.
The Smart Building will anticipate the needs of the building users to
provide improved comfort,
comfort greater user control,
control and better energy
efficiency.
•Web based control of building systems: Building occupants can adjust room temperature
setpoints, change lighting schemes, or adjust any number of other systems through a password
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protected web page.
Integration of HVAC and lighting systems with security systems. A building user enters the
•Integration of HVAC and lighting systems with security systems A building user enters the
building during "off" hours. The security system knows who has entered the building. The
building then can turn on lights and HVAC systems in the areas to be used by the person
entering
•Smart Windows:
Smart Windows will know if they are open and will let the
building system know.
HVAC systems can be automatically turned down in areas
with open windows resulting in energy savings.
Smart Window technology can be combined with
S t Wi d t h l b bi d ith
natural ventilation schemes to tell building users
when opening the windows would be a good idea.
feature
•The latest crop of technologies include micro electromechanical systems that combine
sensors and actuators, wireless sensor networks, and fuzzy logic control schemes, and
has the makings of a sophisticated nervous system.
•This allows for close monitoring and adaptive control of building equipment, materials
performance and environmental conditions, including temperature, air flow, and air
chemistry.
•The long list of potential benefits
from intelligent buildings includes
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energy savings, better indoor air
quality and more comfortable
environments, seismic and structural
monitoring, "predictive" maintenance,
it i " di ti " i t
and tighter security.
City level
sensors
•They involve computer simulations tied into
building control systems and updated by
sensor feedback and performance data.
•Sensors keep tabs on virtually anything that
can be monitored, whether mechanically,
magnetically, electromagnetically, thermally,
optically, chemically, biologically, or
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acoustically.
•And the conglomeration of sensors packed
into intelligent buildings is increasingly
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accessed via wireless networks.
Pcs Technology
•A technology known as Powerline Carrier Systems (PCS) is used to send coded
signals along a home's existing electric wiring to programmable switches, or outlets.
These signals convey commands that correspond to "addresses" or locations of
specific devices, and that control how and when those devices operate. A PCS
ifi d i d th t t l h d h th d i t A PCS
transmitter, for instance, can send a signal along a home's wiring, and a receiver
plugged into any electric outlet in the home could receive that signal and operate the
appliance to which it is attached.
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•One common protocol for PCS is
known as X10, a signaling technique
for remotely controlling any device
plugged into an electrical power
line. X10 signals, which involve
short radio frequency (RF) bursts
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that represent digital information,
enable communication between
transmitters and receivers.
Control
technology to equip homes with smart devices centers on development of the
European Installation Bus, or Instabus. This embedded control protocol for digital
communication between smart devices consists of a two‐wire bus line that is
installed along with normal electrical wiring. The Instabus
g g line links all appliances
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to a decentralized communication system and functions like a telephone line over
which appliances can be controlled
In recognition of the electronic aspects of intelligent building systems, we can
In recognition of the electronic aspects of intelligent building systems we can
divide the operation into four categories:
energy efficiency
telecommunications systems
workplace automation
energy efficiency
•Intelligence with respect to energy in intelligent building systems consists of the
reduction of energy use to the bare minimum. Computerized systems are used
extensively. Such systems go by many names: Building Automation System
(BAS) E
(BAS), Energy Management System (EMS), Energy Management and Control
M t S t (EMS) E M t d C t l
System (EMCS), Central Control and Monitoring System (CCMS) and Facilities
Management System (FMS).
Some strategies used to reduce energy consumption in intelligent
buildings are:
(EMS)
Programmed start/stop
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Optimal start/stop
Duty cycling
Set point reset
Electric demand limiting
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Adaptive control
Chillier optimization
Boiler optimization
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Optimal energy sourcingi
life safety systems
Intelligence with respect to lifesafety in intelligent building systems consists of the use of
high technology to maximize the performance of fire alarm and security systems while at
the same time minimizing costs. Lifesafety factors involved in intelligent buildings are:
Reduced manpower dependence
Cl d i i l i i
Closed‐circuit television
Card access control
Smoke detection
Intrusion alarms
Emergency control of elevators
HVAC systems
doors
UPS
telecommunications systems
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Intelligence with respect to telecommunications in intelligent building systems consists
of the offering to tenants of many sophisticated telecom features at a considerably
reduced cost due to the fact that the equipment is shared by many users. Some of the
telecom features involved in intelligent buildings are:
PBX telephone system
Cablevision
Videotext
Electronic mail
workplace automation
Intelligence with respect to workplace automation in intelligent building systems
consists of the use of high‐tech office automation systems to render the operation of
a company more efficient. This can be done at a reduced cost to tenants by virtue of
the equipment being shared. Some of the factors involved in workplace automation
in intelligent buildings are:
Centralized Data Processing
Word Processing
Computer Aided Design
Information Services
Building automation
Building automation is a programmed, computerized, intelligent network of electronic
devices that monitor and control the mechanical and lighting systems in a building. The
intent is to create an intelligent building and reduce energy and maintenance costs.
Controller
The controller is normally one or more application specific
controllers, often with less complex programming. Usually the primary and secondary
b
buses are chosen based on what the controllers provide.
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Occupancy sensors
Occupancy is usually based on time of day schedules. Override is possible through
different means. Some buildings can sense occupancy in their
internal spaces by an override switch or sensor.
Lighting
Lighting can be turned on and off with a building automation system based on time of
day, or the occupancy sensors and timers. One typical example is to turn the lights in a
space on for a half hour since the last motion was sensed. A photocell placed outside a
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building can sense darkness, and the time of day, and modulate lights in outer offices and
the parking lot
Air handlers
•Most air handlers mix return and outside air so less temperature change is needed.
This can save money by using less chilled or heated water. Some external air is needed
to keep the building's air healthy.
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•Analog or digital temperature sensors may be placed in the space or room, the return
and supply air ducts, and sometimes the external air.
• Actuators are placed on the hot and chilled water
valves, the outside air and return air dampers.
•The supply fan (and return if applicable) is started
and stopped based on either time of day,
temperatures, building pressures or a
combination.
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Constant Vol
Volume
me Air
Air-Handling
Handling Units
The less efficient type of air‐handler is a "Constant Volume Air Handling Unit," or
CAV The fans in CAVs do not have variable
CAV. The fans in CAVs do not have variable‐speed controls
speed controls. Instead, CAVs
Instead CAVs open and
close dampers and water‐supply
valves to maintain temperatures in
the building's spaces.
Variable Volume Air-Handling Units
A more efficient unit is a "Variable air volume (VAV) Air‐Handling Unit," or VAV. VAVs supply
pressurized air to VAV boxes, usually one box per room or area. A VAV air handler can change
the pressure to the VAV boxes by changing the speed of a fan or blower with a variable
frequency drive or (less efficiently) by moving inlet guide vanes to a fixed‐speed fan.
Each VAV box supply air to a small space,
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like an office. Each box has a damper that
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is opened or closed based on how much
heating or cooling is required in its space.
Central plant
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A central plant is needed to supply the air‐handling units with water. It may supply a
chilled water system, hot water system and a condenser water system, as well as
transformers and auxiliary power unit for emergency power.
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¾Alarms and security
Many building automation systems have alarm capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it
can be programmed to notify someone. Notification can be through a computer, pager,
cellular phone, or audible alarm.
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Differential pressure switches can be placed on the
filter to determine if it is dirty.
Smart Buildings (Features)
• Extreme efficiency
• Enhanced productivity/creativity
• Operational savings
• Safer environment
• Greater
G convenience
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• Interactive community
• Collaboration & innovation
• 24/7/365 live-work-play destination
Think About It…
“A ‘smart building’ is one that is fully leased. It doesn’t ever need
to be smarter than that.”
Examples – The Real World
• Global Cyber Port Hong Kong China
• Global: Cyber Port, Hong Kong, China
The dream is already partly reality
Stop and Shop, Royal Ahold (Massachusetts ‐ USA)
High energy efficiency lights with automated lighting control
Use of natural light (50 roof glass panels),
Results :
Annual energy savings : 25%,
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50% less energy for lighting
Increase of average customer purchase versus other stores,
Blanquefort
Bl f t College (Aquitaine ‐
C ll (A it i F
France)
)
Use of solar energy : 120 m2 of solar collectors and 140 m2 of solar panels,
On‐line monitoring of energy consumptions and air quality,
Results :
Coverage of energy needs by renewable energy : 42%
Annual energy consumption : 72 kWh/m2
Annual CO2 emission : 8 kg/m2
8 Brindabella Circuit, Canberra (Australia)
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Full control of HVAC, lighting, … per office zone with activity sensors
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Use of eco efficient lights and photovoltaic panels for hot water production
Results :
Energy savings : 45%
45% less CO2 emissions
Hot water energy needs 100% covered by on site solar energy
Experience with intelligent buildings is limited, but researchers are beginning to put
distributed sensors and automated controls through their paces.
di ib d d d l h h h i
Edith Cowan University
University of Western Australia
THANK U