Reporting that one of its many problems had been the recent extended sales slump in

women's apparel, the seven-store retailer said it would start a three-month liquidation
sale in all of its stores.

(A) its many problems had been the recent

(B) its many problems has been the recently
(C) its many problems is the recently
(D) their many problems is the recent
(E) their many problems had been the recent

The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its
numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in
the early 1970's.

(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than
(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than
(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were
(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had
(E) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than what they were

Last week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence
of the rare Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring that
turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.
(A) requiring that turtle-excluder devices be on shrimp nets protect

(B) requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

(C) that require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets protect

(D) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting

(E) to require turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting

Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism
on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles
spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than
30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

(A) extending
(B) extends
(C) extended
(D) it extended
(E) is extending
His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-
day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice
sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.

(A) in which great ice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas

(B) in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas

(C) when great ice sheets existed where there were areas now temperate

(D) when great ice sheets had existed in current temperate areas

(E) when great ice sheets existed in areas now that are temperate

According to scholars, the earliest writing was probably not a direct rendering of speech,
but was more likely to begin as a separate and distinct symbolic system of communication,
and only later merged with spoken language.

(A) was more likely to begin as

(B) more than likely began as
(C) more than likely beginning from
(D) it was more than likely begun from
(E) it was more likely that it began
Although she was considered among her contemporaries to be the better poet than her
husband, later Elizabeth Barrett Browning was overshadowed by his success.

(A) Although she was considered among her contemporaries to be the better poet than
her husband, later Elizabeth Barrett Browning was overshadowed by his success.

(B) Although Elizabeth Barrett Brwoning was considered among her contemporaries as a
better poet than her husband, she was later overshadowed by his success.

(C) Later overshadowed by the success of her husband, Elizabeth Barrett Brwoning's
poetry had been considered among her contemporaries to be better than that of her
husband.

(D) Although Elizabeth Barrett Browning's success was later overshadowed by that of her
husband, among her contemporaries she was considered the better poet.

(E) Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poetry was considered among her contemporaries as
better than her husband, but her success was later overshadowed by his.

In the five most important battleground states – New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, and
Massachusetts – Democrats reported $48.7 million in cash on hand, compared to the
Republicans, who reported $35 million.

A)compared to the Republicans, who reported $35 million

B)in comparison to the Republicans, with $35 million

C)compared with $35 million for the Republicans

D)compared with the reporting of the Republicans of $35 million

E)in comparison to the Republicans’ report of having $35 million

Pablo Picasso, the late Spanish painter, credited African art with having had a strong
influence on his work.

(A) with having had

(B) for its having
(C) to have had
(D) for having
(E) in that it had

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow
to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit
this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season,
is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season,
are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are
Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their clients’ misconduct stemmed from
a reaction to something ingested, but in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to
some food allergy, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for
their actions.

(A) in attributing criminal or delinquent behavior to some food allergy

(B) if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food

(C) in attributing behavior that is criminal or delinquent to an allergy to some food

(D) if some food allergy is attributed as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

(E) in attributing a food allergy as the cause of criminal or delinquent behavior

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that
the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead
come in for a 'soft landing', followed by a gradual increase in the business activity.

(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and
instead come

(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to
come

(C) in the economy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had
feared , and instead to come

(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and
rather to come

(E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many,
with it instead coming
SHOW TIMER STATISTICS
In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his
family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than
500 slaves who were legally considered his property.
(A) setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered
(B) setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as
(C) and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as
(D) and set free more than the 500 slaves who were legally considered
(E) and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as
Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private
employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring
comparable skill that are usually held by men.

(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring
comparable skill that are
(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring
comparable skills
(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that
are
(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one
demanding comparable skills
(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable
skills
Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strained
townships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads.

(A) dirt roads cost twice as much as maintaining paved roads

(B) dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do

(C) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as paved roads do

(D) maintaining dirt roads costs twice as much as it does for paved roads

(E) to maintain dirt roads costs twice as much as for paved roads
My answer was B, I thought problem is still in effect, but it would bu true if Store says or saying, since
it is said so A is correct

my answer B but correct is A because We are now stuck with A & B . Now its between "greater than"
and "more than".
When comparing number we do not say four is more than two, instead we say four is greater than
two".
In this context we are comparing numbers hence we can eliminate B too.
So A is the OA.

My answer B is correct, but why to eliminate E, this is the best explanation, "laws to require..." isn't a
correct idiom if you're discussing the actual text of the laws themselves. if you were discussing the
ultimate purpose of those laws, then this could be idiomatic.
examples:
laws specifying long jail sentences for drunk drivers --> correct (___ing), since that's what the laws
actually specify.
laws to specify long jail sentences for drunk drivers --> incorrect (that's not the ultimate purpose of
the laws)
laws to discourage drunk driving --> correct (this IS actually the ultimate purpose of the laws)

My answer C incorrect, correct is A. Spawned and extending is parallel. Reason is,

Choice A: extending: Correct.

Choice B: extends: Incorrect. This is a verb and a verb cannot be parallel to a modifier.

Choice C: extended: Incorrect. We again have a verb in the past tense that cannot be parallel to a
modifier. Also the fungus is still extending. It is still there. So use of past tense is wrong anyway.

Choice D: it extended: Incorrect. Same error as in Choice D.

Choice E: is extending: Incorrect. This is a verb and a verb cannot be parallel to a modifier.
My answer was wrong, I selected E, correct answer is B -"When and in which" both are used to modify
a time period but here the period is already defined by the word "age".

"age in which" is correct and not "age when"

this gives us 3-2 split.

past perfect is only used when we want to sequence 2 events. Since only 1 event is described here, so
no need of past perfect.

we are left with only B.

I choose A, which is wrong correct is B - The verb tense in (A) is really confusing, and it's definitely not
our best option. We have three different verbs in the sentence, all of which describe "the earliest
writing", which:

..."was probably not a direct rendering of speech"

"...was more likely to begin..."
and "...later merged with spoken language."

That middle piece is wacky. All three of these things happened in the past, and need to be in the same
version of past tense. So the underlined portion is odd: why would we say "was more likely to begin",
when we could just say "more likely began as"? "Begin" is in present tense (i.e., a general
characteristic), and "was more likely to begin" doesn't make much sense -- it's almost as if the earliest
writing had some probabilistic quality or something, and there was a good chance that it would
eventually begin "as a separate and distinct symbolic system."
I choose D, which is correct. My reasoning is in D success is compared correctly but we can consider
idion also here, - The correct idiom is Consider x y and not consider x as y or consider x to be y or
consider x as y or any other form.

My answer C is correct, cash is compared with cash - things to know here - The difference between
"compared to" and "compared with" is not because of comparing similar or dissimilar objects, but
because of emphasizing similarity or dissimilarity:

A zebra can be COMPARED TO a horse in many ways. (emphasizes similarity)

COMPARED WITH a horse, however, a zebra is very hard to tame. (emphasizes dissimilarity)

The above examples are taken from the Manhattan SC guide. Whatsoever, as you have correctly
mentioned, Manhattan guide mentions that:
"The GMAT ignores the traditional distinction between COMPARED TO (emphasizing similarities) and
COMPARED WITH (emphasizing differences)."
my answer D wrong - Credited for : when credit is not a verb but a noun.
For example: she received credit for her good work.
In the question, credited is used as a verb so we can't use 'credit for' here.
Eliminate option B and D
Credited to is used when Credit is used as a verb: 'Credit X to Y'. Eg: The bank credited $1 billion to
your account.
Credited with is used when Credit is used as verb: 'Credited Someone with something'. Eg: Your
account has been credited with $1 billion. - a) Credited with:- used when we credit a person with
accomplishments (We often uses this when a person comes first)

ex:- Newton is credited with the discovery of Gravity

b) Credit to:- credit accomplishments to person

ex:- The team credits its success to good Fortune.

C) Credit for:- used in terms of Credit Note

ex:- We must credit Sarah for her efforts on our behalf.

We have to credit all the rain we've had for saving the crops. - The verb form having had is used
appropriately in choice A to indicate action that
occurred prior to action expressed in the simple past tense--that is, to indicate that African art had
influenced
Picasso before he credited it with having done so.

I chhose D, but the correct is E - a) At the very least, "which" is ambiguous, since it is not clear
whether "which" is modifying "land" or "equipment and land". In fact, for the most part, "which" is
not likely to ever modify a "list" ("equipment and land" in this case).

b) "which farmers use as collateral to borrow against" does not conform with GMAT‘s stylistic
preference. Modifier clauses (especially relative clauses) should not end with a preposition. Here, this
clause ends in a preposition "against".
my answer D, correct is B - Please note that 'the perpetrators' is not underlined and it is the attorneys
who are attributing. So any choice that has the modifier ‘in attributing x to’ perpetrators is logically
wrong. So A, C and E are gone at first sight.

Between B and D, which use a passive voice construction to circumvent the modification problem, B is
better because it uses the correct idiom 'attributed to' rather than the unidiomatic 'attributed as'

In the minds of many people living in England, before Australia was Australia, it was the antipodes, the
opposite pole to civilization, an obscure and unimaginable place that was considered the end of the
world.

(A) before Australia was Australia, it was the antipodes

(B) before there was Australia, it was the antipodes
(C) it was the antipodes that was Australia
(D) Australia was what was the antipodes
(E) Australia was what had been known as the antipodes
The problem with this question is that it is a recent OG question and that we have to take the OA and
OE per se, however cryptic or abnormal they are. Let me give my own interpretation of the GMAC’s
thinking.

a) According to the OE in the OG 12th: "The original sentence successfully avoids the problems that
may occur in a long sentence with multiple modifiers. Two subordinate clauses begin with "that", and
one of them is contained within another

(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead
come

The question here is what is going to avoid the recession? Is it the economy or the confidence? If we
realize that it is the economy that will avoid the recession, then the expression ‘in the economy’
becomes irrelevant. Thus A avoids the pitfall of multiple modifier sentences in which it will be difficult
to fix which noun will be modified by which modifier. A seems to be better than B, C and D

b) How can one be sure that "come" is parallel with "avoid", and not with "reflect" of the main
clause?,

The confidence does two things and those two things must be parallel. One is that the economy will
avoid something and instead (will) come in for something. Reflect is a present tense plural verb and
(will) come is a singular future tense verb as in ‘will avoid’. Please do not lose sight of the auxiliary verb
‘will’. So 'reflect' and 'come' are
not parallel.

C In B, why does "rather to come" is wrong

Pl lread in full - “According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence
in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come in for a
'soft landing', followed by a gradual increase in the business activity.”

First part: The gains reflect confidence (in the economy) to avoid the recession
Second part: The gains reflect confidence (in the economy) to come in for soft landing

When OG says that ‘to come’ is not idiomatic, it may be meaning that ‘to come’, though grammatically
parallel ‘to avoid’,
The Olympic Games is not the to
helped normal
keep usage. Common
peace among theusage is to describe
pugnacious it as
states of the‘toGreek
avoid’ ‘but in
world / instead
that a
sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month.

(A) world in that a sacred truce was proclaimed during the festival’s month
(B) world, proclaiming a sacred truce during the festival’s month
(C) world when they proclaimed a sacred truce for the festival month
(D) world, for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of the festival
(E) world by proclamation of a sacred truce that was for the month of the festival
The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh cheese,
oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

(A) and meat rarely

(B) and meat was rare
(C) with meat as rare
(D) meat a rarity
(E) with meat as a rarity

my answer D, but correct is A - Leaving aside the unidiomatic B, C and E, and between A and D, let us
get the gist of the matter. The question here is whether he stunned first and then set free the more
than 500, as made out in D or he stunned, filed and set free the slaves, all in one action, as pointed in
the text. IMO. D substantially alters the intent by a wrong order. Of course the determiner - the - is
indeed vital to mean that he released all those under his custody, not leaving out any one. A is the
clear choice by logic.
I answered E, correct is A - The verb "to require" can function in two ways. The first is passive:
"Something is required TO do something". In this format, we have the passive voice of required. You
can't go active (It's not allowed to say "He requires you to do something."), and you have to use the
infinitive form of the subordinate verb. THE OTHER version of the verb "to require" is active, and forms
the subjunctive of demand (We call them bossy verbs). Bossy verbs always form the same way:

BOSSY VERB CONSTRUCTION: HE demanded THAT Sheila dance.

subject normal verb always have "that" Object verb in the subjunctive

The verb in the subjunctive may be tough to recognize. However, the typical present tense form that
goes with the subject "Sheila" is "dances". The subjunctive is generally formed by taking the infinitive
form of the verb ("to dance") and removing the "to".

Okay. Now let's look at the question.

３． Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers
that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
usually held by men.

(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that
are
ANSWER: Here we have "requires" in the active voice, so we need the bossy verb construction. We get
the THAT we need, then the object "pay", then the subjunctive form "be" (it's the infinitive "to be"
without the "to"). Looks good!

(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable
skills
PROBLEM: YOU NEVER USE SHOULD in a subjunctive construction. In fact, should gets used SO OFTEN
in these types of questions, that it's worth noticing it in all the sentences you look at. Often, it signals a
bossy verb subjunctive construction that you might not have noticed otherwise!

(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
PROBLEM: The "to" is wrong for the subjunctive construction. Also "in jobs" is an incorrect idiom. It
should be "for jobs".

(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding
comparable skills
my anserd D correct B - When a comparison is drawn on a sentence correction question, two major
themes should jump out at you:

1) The two things compared must be compared in equivalent form.

Here, we could compare:

Dirt roads to paved roads

Maintaining dirt roads to maintaining paved roads

But comparing "the cost of maintaining dirt roads" to "paved roads" is incorrect - one is a cost, and the
other is a road...they could never be alike!

Make sure that, when a comparison is drawn, you check to ensure that the two items are in equivalent
form. I like to envision a balance scale from chemistry class as a mental picture. If I'm weighing a
substance in a petri dish I must account for the weight of the dish on the other side of the balance!
Similarly, if I'm comparing a cost of one item, I have to make sure I compare it directly to the cost of
the other.

2) Comparison idioms should be in the right form.

This one doesn't have a mistake, but you should get in the habit of seeing:

"As Many As" or "As Much As" ---> Equality

"So Many That" or "So Much That" ---> Critical Mass (e.g. "there is so much pollution in the air that we
can't go outside")
"More Than" or "Less Than" ---> Inequality

An easy way for the testmakers to write a wrong-but-tricky answer is to criss-cross these idioms (e.g.
"As many that" or "More...as")

In this case, the comparisons are all off but one:

A) Dirt roads cost vs. Maintaining paved roads

B) Dirt roads cost vs. paved roads do ("do" takes the place of "cost") ---> CORRECT!
C) Maintaining dirt roads costs vs. paved roads cost
https://gmatclub.com/forum/qotd-reporting-that-one-of-its-many-problems-had-been-the-recent-261261.html

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-gyrfalcon-an-arctic-bird-of-prey-has-survived-a-close-134552.html

https://gmatclub.com/forum/last-week-local-shrimpers-
held-a-news-conference-to-take-some-credit-f-76039.html

https://gmatclub.com/forum/scientists-have-recently-discovered-what-could-be-the-largest-and-olde-9394.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/his-studies-of-ice-polished-rocks-in-his-alpine-homeland-far-outside-166115.html

https://gmatclub.com/forum/qotd-according-to-scholars-the-earliest-writing-was-probably-258302.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/how-to-exactly-find-the-compared-entity-208394.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/pablo-picasso-the-late-spanish-painter-credited-african-art-with-21487-20.html

https://gmatclub.com/forum/declining-values-for-farm-equipment-and-land-the-collateral-against-w-128648.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/defense-attorneys-have-occasionally-argued-that-their-clients-miscond-84605.html

My answer E, correct is A - A. "before Australia was

Australia," means, "before the land mass was a country." "it
was the antipodes" means, "Australia was the antipodes."
B. "before there was Australia" means that, at one time,
there was no such place. But the place has always existed;
it has just been considered something different, namely,
the end of the world.

C. There are no grammatical issues here-- only the meaning

is incorrect. "It was the antipodes that was Australia" is a
structure that creates emphasis. For example, "It polluters,
not consumers, that are the problem." "It is price levels,
rather than supply and demand, that reflect consumer
attitudes." But this sentence did not intend to emphasize
that it was the antipodes (as opposed to something else)
that was Australia.

D. Again, just he meaning is wrong. "Australia was what

was the antipodes" means that Australia was something
that the antipodes once was as well. (Sound like gibberish?
That's because it is gibberish!)

E. "Australia was what had been known as the antipodes"

indicates that Australia is no longer the thing that had
previously been thought to be the antipodes. The past
simple ('was') indicates that the action is over. But Australia
still is the land that once was thought to be the antipodes.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-the-minds-of-many-people-liv
https://gmatclub.com/forum/according-to-some-analysts-the-gains-in-the-stock-market-reflect-grow-70645.html

My answer E but the correct is D, I forgot that ,For is a part

of fanboys

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-olympic-games-helped-to-ke
my answer A, correct E - The diet of the ordinary Greek in
classical times was largely vegetarian—vegetables, fresh
cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, and meat rarely.

Obviously, this is a parallelism issue. Every list needs to

have "and" at the end. You can't use "and" twice, unless
the second to last item in the list is a compound. For
example: "I like all kinds of sandwiches: reuben, turkey,
pastrami, peanut butter and jelly, and veggie." But in that
case, there are two nouns in that second to last entry
(peanut butter and jelly). We don't have that here, so
there's no justification for having two "and"s.

(A) and meat rarely

PROBLEM: No and allowed.

(B) and meat was rare

PROBLEM: Again.
(C) with meat as rare
PROBLEM: You can't just say "meat as rare". As sets up
either a comparison ("meat as rare as an uncooked log.") or
some type of prepositional phrase ("meat as metaphor for
life...").

(D) meat a rarity

PROBLEM: We need some segue from the last item in the
list.

(E) with meat as a rarity

ANSWER: We get the prepositional phrase. It's a bit odd,
since it's modifying something that came a long time ago,
but it's still the best choice.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/the-diet-of-the-ordinary-greek-in

https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-1791-robert-carter-iii-one-of-the-wealthiest-plantation-owners-in-77465.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/legislation-in-the-canadian-province-of-ontario-requires-of-79769.html
https://gmatclub.com/forum/dirt-roads-may-evoke-the-bucolic-simplicity-of-another-79236.html
n-the-minds-of-many-people-living-in-england-before-australia-was-au-103504.html
he-olympic-games-helped-to-keep-peace-among-the-pugnacious-85874.html
he-diet-of-the-ordinary-greek-in-classical-times-was-largely-vegetari-93042.html