Eccentric Connections – Shear

 Eccentrically loaded bolt groups

 Ultimate Strength (Plastic Analysis)
 Uses Instantaneous Center of Rotation (I.C.)
 “most rational method”
Elastic (Vector) Analysis
 Assumed rotation about the C.G. of bolt group
Pu

CG
Instantaneous Center (I.C.)
 Accounts for translation and rotation

Pu

CG CG
IC?
 Pu

CG
IC?
 P

e
d

yo CG

IC?

xo
 P

Ri

di
qi

CG
IC
 How do we know if our guess
for the I.C. is correct?
P
Fx  0
d n
Ri
 R sin q  P sind  0
i 1
i i

di e
qi d Fy  0
n
yo CG
 R cos q  P cosd  0
i 1
i i

IC
M  0
xo n

 R d  P(e  x cosd  y sin d )  0

i 1
i i o o
Load-Deformation (AISC Fig. 7-3)

 10 0.55
Ri  Rult(1  e )
2.718
tuAb
where tu is ~70% of Fub
(from experiments)

Alternatively, use shear

strength of bolt as calculated
by LRFD for Rult
Fig. 7-3, for one ¾” ASTM A325 bolt
NOTE max
in single shear, from tests (Fisher)
 P

d
Ri Fx  0
di e n
d
qi  R sin q  P sind  0
i 1
i i

yo
CG Fy  0
IC n

xo
 R cos q  P cosd  0
i 1
i i

M  0
n

Ri  Rult(1  e
 10 0.55
)  R d  P(e  x cosd  y sin d )  0
i 1
i i o o

Iterative process required to solve!

 P

d
i R
Shear) - Ultimate Strength
e Method
di
qi d
yo Eccentricity (in) Spacing (in)
de i
Dia. CG
0.875 in  max 7.5 x 3
=0 IC d max y 3
max 0.34
xo From tests
dmax 6.80
~ 0.34” cos q

wrt IC
xi yi di i Ri Rixi/di Ridi
0.2 -3 3.01 0.15 25.13 1.67 75.57
0.2 0 0.20 0.01 7.92 7.92 1.58
0.2 3 3.01 0.15 25.13
 Fy and75.57
1.67
M
0.2 6 6.00 0.30 28.07 0.93 168.49
Salmon et al., 4.11 (b)
6” Pu A36 Plate
Calculate maximum
load, Pu
Use ultimate
strength method
3 @ 3”

7/8” A325N bolts

½” Plate

Suppose, for this example, that we

3” have determined that bolt shear
capacity controls over bolt bearing
Spreadsheet
Define bolt group, etc.
e
Pu

4 5
y
3 6
x
IC CG
2 7
?
1 8
 Bolt Properties, define bolt group, eccentricity, etc.

Locate bolts wrt C.G. Calculate wrt guess for I.C.

Note, maximum  defined as 0.34, as shown in tests

Note: Ri calculated based on Rn according to AISC

 0.563Fub for X or 0.450Fub for N (instead of tu)
 Fy, M, Fx

f applied here
M=
(Pu)(e+xocosd+yosind)

Note: this spreadsheet set up for yo = 0 and d = 0

AISC Table 7-7
(Tables 7-6 to 7-13 for Bolt Groups)
 Interpolate for ex = 7.5 in  C=3.1

Interpolation within tables OK; interpolation between

tables not OK (use next lower angle of loading)
 7/8” A325N bolts
6” Pu
f Rn  Cf rn
f Rn  3.1x 24.3  75.3kips
3 @ 3”

½” Plate

3”