142 Ch.

3 Crystal Field Theory

which is about 69% of the paramagnetic moment.

Replacing A=7meV, and g = 0.8, the moment induced by a field of 10T is
~ . falls short of the measured value of 0.89~~.
predicted to be about 0 . 5 8 ~ This
We cite two reasons to account for the discrepancy. First, we neglected the
higher-lying levels. Second, as we are going to discuss in a later chapter,
intersite exchange interactions enhance the susceptibility, and also the high-
field magnetization, beyond the single-ion value [286].

Figure 3.14: The specific heat (in arbitrary units) plotted as a function of temper-
ature shows the characteristic Schottky anomaly.

c) For a single ion with a set of discrete energies eg, the specific heat is

(3.127)

In zero magnetic field, we have €1 = 0, €2 = €3 = c4 = A. The plot of Cv

against the temperature (Fig. 3.14) shows a rather sharp maximum which is
called the Schottky anomaly. If such a feature is seen in the specific heat of
a material, it is often argued to be an experimental proof that crystal field
effects are importaat. It is easy to convince ourselves that the peak broadens
in a magnetic field.
Problem 3.6. The Zeeman term -g,uBJZfiZ couples lrt3) with lrtd), and
lrt1)with so we have two 2 x 2 eigenvalue problems to solve. The (rt3)-
IFt4)problem was diagonalized in (3.70);the lI?tl)-Jrt2) problem can be solved
similarly to yield

a) As H" is increased from zero, the ground state evolves smoothly from
with the weight of the 12) component increasing gradually. In large