Foundations of Education: PRETEST ANSWERS

1. C. Spanish education played a major role in that transformation. The oldest

universities, colleges, vocational schools and the first modern public education system
in Asia were created during the colonial period. The focus of education during
the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines was mainly religious influence of
Catholicism.

2. D. Under the Commonwealth, vocational and adult education were given emphasis. It
was also during the Commonwealth regime that an organized effort to develop a
common national language was stared in compliance with the mandate of the 1935
constitution.

3. D. All the answers seem correct but the last one is too superficial. Education is
geared toward a more vast benefit to its society, not just to increase student’s level of
achievement.

4. A. Singing of National Anthem is mainly influenced by Nationalism. It is a philosophy

that promotes patriotism (love for one’s country).

5. A. Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe

that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical
school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic
knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach

6. C. The major role or purpose of philosophy of education is to identify and justify the
basic principles for the development of educational theories and practice.Philosophy of
education in formulation, should be based on a comprehensive knowledge and
understanding of the true nature of man and worldview. In this case, the nearest is letter
C.

7. D. Social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of
a society. Social psychology recognizes smaller group units, such as a team or an
office, may also endorse norms separately or in addition to cultural or societal
expectations.

8. B. Keywords: spiritual and ethical values. These are all taught in Values Education.
The rest of choices are simply irrelevant.
9. B. Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. In
psychology, the process of introspection relies exclusively on observation of one's
mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul.

10. A. Experimentalism is the philosophical belief that the way to truth is through
experiments and empiricism. It is also associated with instrumentalism, the belief that
truth should be evaluated based upon its demonstrated usefulness. It believes that
everything in the world is changing, so one should discover something new and find out
ways how to cope on it.

11. B, culture is a set of “common” characteristics. It is shared by many people in a

particular society. Aside from this, B is the most generic among the choices.

12. C, letters A, B, and D all have words that make them wrong. Although they all seem
right, A has “biologically”, B has “independent, D has “remote”

13. C, acculturation is transferring culture through teaching of existent members of one

person who knows to one who does not know

14. B, key word: materials, production. The rest of the choices are intangible.

15. C, learning to distinguish right and wrong is work of conscience. Conscience is

basically part of one’s emotions. It cannot be done by physicality, sociality and intellect.

16. A. All choices are correct, but letter A s the broadest.

17. A, All other choices are superficial. The values and attitudes are the highest element
of culture.

18. A, only A and B are the relevant choices. However, social stratification is solely
based on standard factors classifying people according to hierarchy (Moffitt, 2003) .
Social status might be caused by educational background, material things, etc.

19. D, letter D is the broadest among all the choices.

20. C, “Culture is valued” means there are certain values like “divorce” which is strongly
held by a specific group of people. It is why it can vary from eastern to western culture.

21. D. Subjective values always consider the past experiences and their association to
objects and people. Keyword: experiences with persons, experiences
22. C. In this case, only societal norm is the weakest. It can differ from place to place,
depending on a certain value a society upholds.

23. Only letter A is clearly safe, truthful and justifiable. B has the negative descriptive term
“ordinary”, C has “not capable”, D has “expense of other people”

24. A. Keywords: liberation, nation-state = these are all political terms.

25. D. Through mass media, all news and features are delivered to the general public.
Among all the choices, letter D is constructed in general. The rest are examples.

26. D. Only letter D has a very simple and clear positive message. The rest of choices
connote negativity. A has “most powerful” that can lead to inequality, B has “devoid” that
means without an expected contribution, D has “fragility”, a sign of weakness.

27. B. Human’s most crucial stage of value development is always the family. It is where
a child learned his first education in life, and his more knowledgeable others (members
of the family) taught him so.

28. A, The conquistadors and colonizers in history have reshaped values of Filipinos in a
very strong level. They made the nation believe that we need them in order to create,
implement and sustain whatever programs or services our country needs.

29. C. Media often sensationalize issues that make Filipino feel untrustworthiness toward
them. Plus, new communication technologies show violent, more liberated films and
videos that Filipinos think counterfeit their values upheld.

30. B. Both C and D is automatically wrong. They suggest positive effects of harsh
punishments. Among A and B, B is clearer and more extreme. Harsh punishments have
psychological effects to a child even with or without explanation. Children are protected
by the law against corporal punishment.

31. D. Politicians should always serve as role models of Filipinos since they receive their
authority from the people’s votes during elections. It is why Filipinos easily lose trust when
they hear news of political scandals and fraud.

32. B. Keyword: Adopt, this is synonymous to “acquires and learns” found in the question.
33. A. Keywords: Moral= social ills, strengthen the moral fiber Recovery=renewal,
transformation Program = designed

34. C. Only letter C is a concrete action of Filipinos in the past that successfully overthrew
a Marcos Regime that declared Martial Law.

35. A. Letter A is the closest explanation to the concept of “Building a People, Building a
Nation”. Eliminating Weaknesses is basically building people. Developing people’s
strength will collective contribute to building a nation.

36. C. In this case, only letter C is different: it talks about values. All the rest of choice talk
about skills and opportunities.

37 C. Letter C is a collective phrase for the rest of choices. Others are just examples.

38. A. Learning to live together means to interact with other people and harmoniously live
with them despite diversity.

39. B. School is only capable of changing or modifying their curriculum. In that case, it is
best to conclude that adding media education is the best choice.

40. A. In the levels of affective domain, responding always comes with sensitivity. It is
when a learner responds positively to the difference of others around him, therefore
learning empathy.

41. C. Progressivists believe that education should focus on the whole child, rather than
on the content or the teacher. Learning is rooted in the questions of learners that arise
through experiencing the world. Therefore, the teacher wants to bring the reason why
learners come out the classroom inside the actual learning environment.

42. B, only this choice exemplifies revisiting our history through various ways. Letters A,
C, and D all suggest the opposite.

43. C. Choices A, B, and D, are all qualities of the traditional paradigm of education.
Only letter C opposes them.

44. D. Zen Buddhism is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasizing the

value of meditation and intuition.
45. C. Responsibility is seen in choice C since the teacher teaches as much as she
could. Accountability, on the other hand, is also shown. Being aware that teachers are
only given specific duration to teach, she does not waste it talking about other
unimportant matters.

46. A. Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe

that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical
school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic
knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach
47. B. Existentialists is subjective, and lies within the individual. The physical world has
no inherent meaning outside of human existence. Individual choice and individual
standards rather than external standards are central. Existence comes before any
definition of what we are.

48. B. Christianity is today the world's most widespread religion. It originated among the
Jewish followers of Jesus of Nazareth, who believed that he was the promised Messiah.
Majority of Filipinos are Christians.

49. C. The utilitarian way of educations prepares one learner to make sense of the
world and to make meaning;

50. D. Romans influenced the military training requirements among students in

the secondary and tertiary levels during their period of colonization. We were not
colonized by Greeks. Chinese influences focused on entrepreneurship. Orientals mostly
influenced our food.