KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA | JAZAN UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Assignment1

bluetooth based smart sensor networks

Student Name :
Student ID :
Introduction
The communications capability of devices and continuous transparent information
routes are indispensable components of future oriented automation concepts.
Communication is increasing rapidly in industrial environment even at field level. In
any industry the process can be realized through sensors and can be controlled
through actuators. The process is monitored on the central control room by getting
signals through a pair of wires from each field device in Distributed Control Systems
(DCS).With advent in networking concept, the cost of wiring is saved by networking
the field devices. But the latest trend is elimination of wires i.e., wireless networks

What is a Sensor Network?

A Sensor Network is a communications infrastructure that employs a network of
distributed sensors and sensor nodes to acquire data and relay it to a central
monitoring location. Advanced networks often employ “ad hoc” mesh networking
that allows sensor nodes to self-configure. When sensors are attached to hardware
with advanced, embedded data processing abilities, the entire assembly is referred
to as a Smart Sensor Node. Depending upon the desired application, a sensor
network may be wired, wireless or a combination of both, depending on the need
of the application and the environment where it is deployed. Sensor networks are
frequently used to create “smart” environments that allow for the monitoring and
control of everything from in home lighting to structural health monitoring to
covert security monitoring.
A sensor network is generally composed of two primary networks:

1. Data Acquisition Network: smart sensor nodes collect data, process data and
deliver it to base stations (or other gateway devices), where various stages of
data processing occur. Ultimately, the data is transmitted to a management
center for storage, analysis and further processing.
2. Data Distribution Network Information may be transmitted to a variety of
devices including laptops, PC’s, PDA’s, cell phones and internet cloud
servers. If the network is designed accordingly, sensors may be remotely
controlled, allowing for re-calibration and measurement updates.

Sensor Types and Technologies:

The basis for all sensor measurements is the transduction principle - this requires
that the physical property being measured can be distinguished from the
background noise and translated into a usable signal. Good quality sensors are
manufactured so that the physical change being measured is extremely predictable
over the desired range. Sensor manufacturing techniques employ specialized
materials ranging from piezoelectric and photoconductive solar cells, to MEMS
silicon etched micro-devices and thin-film coated biochemical materials.

 Sensor Types:
  Pressure
 Temperature
 Velocity, Acceleration
 Wind Speed and Direction
 Relative and Absolute Position
 Strain, Force, Torque
 Vibration
 Motion
 Chemical Concentrations

Sensor Technologies:

Sensor Network Architecture:

The architecture of a sensor network may be organized into layers that control
various functions. The ISO, open standard OSI/RM, is based on the use of seven
architectural layers, as follows: Physical, Link, Network, Transport, Session,
Presentation and Application. For example, the lowest layer (physical layer)
controls the transmission device, while the next layer (Link Layer) determines
when the channel is clear for transmission. Many of the IEEE networking
standards support this layered architecture approach.
BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth works in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHZ recurrence band what's
more, utilize recurrence bouncing spread range method. A common Blue tooth
gadget has a scope of around 10 meters and can be stretched out to 100meters.
Correspondence channels bolster complete transfer speed of 1 Mb/sec. A solitary
association bolsters a most extreme awry information exchange rate of 721 KBPS
most extreme of three channels.
In bluetooth, a Piconet is a gathering of up to 8 devices that recurrence bounces
together. Each Piconet has one ace as a rule a gadget that started foundation of the
Piconet what's more, up to 7 slave gadgets. Expert's Blue tooth location is utilized
for definition of the recurrence bouncing succession. Slave gadgets use the expert's
clock to synchronize their tickers to have the capacity to bounce all the while.

HOW BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY WORKS

The technology of Bluetooth centres around 9mm x 9mm microchip, which

functions as a low cost and short range radio link. Bluetooth Technology provides
a 10 meter personal bubble that support simultaneous transmission of both
voice and data for multiple devices. Up to 7devices can be connected in a piconet,
and up to10 piconets can exist within the 10 meter bubble.
In Bluetooth the transceiver transmits and receives in a previously unused
frequency band of 2.45 GHz that is available globally. Each device has a unique
48-bit address from the IEEE 802 standard. Connections can be point-topoint
or multipoint. The maximum range is 10-100 meters. Data can be exchanged at a
rate of 1megabit per second.

BLUE TOOTH BASED SENSOR NETWORK

We all know what a Bluetooth is? A Bluetooth is a form of wireless technology used
for short distance. It can be seen in any field from mobile to any wireless device such
as laptop. It now depend on an individual to what extend can he make use of this form
of Bluetooth device .Say you go for gym daily .A gym instructor might use Bluetooth
as different set.

There would be multiple machines with Bluetooth enabled. A sensor network would
be connected to internet in the central part and the Internet would be connected to
client computer or some database.

As with network there is need to have some human intervention, if we need to

automate the task .Thus this would eliminate the need of cable connection .The main
goal Sensor Network Implementation was to implement and build a hardware
platform and generic software solutions that can serve as the basis and can be used for
research of wireless sensor network protocols.

Consider a situation where have a monitor station and client PC both are connected to
HUB . The monitor station and HUB connected via LAN. The PC and HUB
connected via internet or Ethernet. While the HUB is connected to Bluetooth master
gateway this is connected to various number of sensors. For smart sensor network the
standard is IEEE 1451.The key to gathering the information needed by smart
environments, whether in buildings is done by smart networks. It is easy to install a
sensor network it makes life of human beings simpler to large extent.
EXAMPLE:PRESSURE SENSOR;
The Bluetooth based Pressure Sensor is use sense the pressure through
Bluetooth.

For implementation of Pressure Sensor as Bluetooth Node, following components

are important;
1- Bluetooth Device
2- Sensors
3- Microcontroller
4- TEDS-Transducer Electronic Data

Advantages of Bluetooth Technology

1) No line of site restrictions for signal
tranmitting.
2) Interoperability.
3) Mass Production at Low Cost
4) Ease of Use
5) End User Experience
6) Less power consumption makes its
usage in battery powered devices very
practical.
Conclusion

Bluetooth is a continually expanding technology. There are plans to add many new
application profiles. With over 15000 companies working on Bluetooth, the future
is very bright. With a strong special interest group behind Bluetooth, the
standardization of the application profiles is almost assured. But, to sustain
Bluetooth should keep on adding consumer needed applications. Because in the
era of Android, people prefer applications rather than technology.