Wireless Sensor

Networking

akki Santos
Branch : Comp. Science &
engg.
Reg.No. : 0801312017
AGENDA

Why Wireless??
Wireless Technology
Sensors??
Wireless Sensor Networking
Applications
WHY TALK ABOUT WIRELESS?
Wireless communication is not a new technology but cell phones have brought
revolution in wireless communication

Wireless Technology has changed the way

Organizations & individuals work & live today

In less than 10 years

 World has moved from fixed to wireless networks

 Allowing people, mobile devices & computers talk to each other, connect without a
cable

 Only available option for field data acquisition

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Emerging wireless technologies provide powerful building blocks for next-
generation applications such as:
 Infra-red : P2P wireless:
 Based on Half Duplex Point-to-Point concept
 Based on IEEE standards 802.11
 Clear line-of-sight
 Short-range (few meters)
 No fixed speed 9.6 Kbps, 4Mbps
 Token based transmission
 Bluetooth: Wireless PAN:
 Named after Danish King Harold Bluetooth
 Based on Master-Slave concept
 IEEE standards 802.15.1
 Short-range (10 meters)
 Ominidirectional with both voice & data
 Operates in 2.4 GHz frequency band
 Wi-Fi: Wireless LAN (Hot Spot):
 Wireless Fidelity based LAN
 Most popular on Laptops
 Replacement to wired LAN
 Short-range (100 meters)
Ad Hoc Net Access Point Net
 Operates in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
 Collection of IEEE standards 802.11a/b/g 11 Mpbs & 54 Mbps
 Set up is expensive

 Wi-Max: Wireless MAN :

 High Speed 40-70 Mbps
 Mid-range (30 Kmeters)
 Saving of wired cost
 Operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band
 IEEE standard 802.16
SENSORS
A sensor is a technological device or biological organ that
detects (senses) changes in the ambient conditions or in the
state of another device or a system, and conveys this
information in a certain manner.

A sensor node has:

Sensing Material

Integrated Circuitry (VLSI)

Packaging for environmental safety

Power Supply
 What is a WSN?
Sensor: The device Observer: The end user/computer

Phenomenon: The entity of interest to the observer

• A network that is formed when a set of small sensor devices that

are deployed in an “ad hoc fashion” no predefined routes,
cooperate for sensing a physical phenomenon.
• A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of base stations and
a number of wireless sensors.
• Is simple, tiny, inexpensive, and battery-powered
 Network characteristics of WSN

• Generally, the network:

 Consists of a large number of sensors (103 to 106)
 Spread over large geographical region (radius = 1 to 103
km)
 Spaced out in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions
 Is self-organizing
 Uses wireless media
Wireless Sensor Networks
ZigBee Wireless
Communication Protocol
 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
 Small form factor
 Relatively Inexpensive
 Low Power Consumption
 Low Data Rate of Communication
 Self Organising, Self-Healing…multi-
hop nodes
 Integrated Sensors
 WSN
APPLICATIONS

 Smart Homes
 Process monitoring and control Sensors
 Security/Surveillance equipped
 Environmental Monitoring with
BlueTooth
 Medical/Healthcare

S
T
SUMMARY
 Sensor networks will facilitate one to address
several societal issues:
 Early-warning systems
 Disaster mitigation

 Applications in other sectors

 Security, transportation, irrigation
 Technology is available today
 Research into new sensors
 Needs experimentation, pilot deployment
 Lots needs to be done in Software (OS, MAC, Application)
 While cost is an issue today, it will not be so tomorrow
Any
Queries?