vks3e~

oSfnd /keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lrh'k vk;Z
 2 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

oSfnd /keZ xzUFk ifjp;

ç0& ekuoh; l`f"V dk vkfn xzUFk dkSu lk gS \
m0& ekuoh; l`f"V dk vkfn xzUFk osn gSA
ç0& osn D;k g® vkSj fdlus fy[ks g® \
m0& ekuo ek= ds dY;k.kkFkZ ijekRek }kjk fn;k x;k Kku ^osn* gSA ;g ekuoh;
jpuk ugha gS ijUrq ijekRek dk vikS#"ks; Kku gSA
ç0& osn fdrus g® rFkk buds eq[; fo"k; D;k g® \
m0& osn pkj g® & 1- _Xosn] 2- ;tqon Zs ] 3- lkeosn] 4- vFkoZon s A bu pkjkü osnkü eü
Kku] deZ] mikluk ,oa foKkudk.M dk fu'p; gSA Kku fdlh inkFkZ ds lkekU; cksèk
dks rFkk foKku mlds lk{kkr~ cksèk dks dgrs g®A pkjkü fo"k;kü eü foKku lcls eq[; gS]
;r% mlls ijes'oj ls ysdj r`.k&i;ZUr lc inkFkks± dk gLrkeydor~ lk{kkr~ cksèk gksrk
gSA mleü Hkh ijes'oj dk vuqHko loZe[ q ; gS] D;küfd lc osnkü dk çèkkur% mlh esa
rkRi;Z gSA _Xosn eü xq.k&xqf.k;kü ds Kku&foKku dk mins'k vFkkZr~ bZ'oj ls ysdj Hkwfe
i;ZUr inkFkks± dk xq.k&o.kZu :i Kku vkSj foKkudk.M gS] vkSj ;tqon Zs eü bZ'oj&iwtk]
fo}RlRdkj] f'kYikfn fØ;kvkü ls laxfrdj.k] 'kqHk fo|k] xq.k] èku vkfn dk nku ,oa
;Kkfn drZO; deks± dk mins'k:i deZdk.M of.kZr gSA lkeosn eü Kku&foKku] deZ
vkSj mikluk rhukü dk leUo; gS vFkkZr~ ;g cryk;k x;k gS fd euq"; Kku&foKku]
deZ vkSj mikluk dh dgka rd mékfr dj ldrk gS rFkk mldk D;k Qy gksrk gSA
vFkoZon s mä fo|k&fo"k;kü dk iwjd gSA
iz0& osn ds ea=kü ds lkFk _f"k;kü ds uke feyrs g® ftlls ;g çrhr gksrk gS fd bu&bu
_f"k;kü us bu&bu ea=kü dh jpuk dh \
m0& ijekRek us _Xosnkfn pkjkü osn Øe'k% vfXu] ok;q] vkfnR; vkSj vf³Âjk _f"k;kü
dks ,d&,d osn dk Kku fn;kA rRi'pkr~ xq#&f'k"; ijEijk ls osn dk Kku vU; yksxkü
rd igqpa kA ftl&ftl _f"k us loZçFke ftl&ftl ea= dk vFkZ tkuk ml&ml dk uke
ea= ds lkFk Lej.kkFkZ Hkh fy[kk gqvk gSA vr% _f"k ea=kü ds dÙkkZ u gksdj ea=kFkZ æ"Vk
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 3

FksA
ç0& osn ds ea=kü ds lkFk nsork uke dk D;k vfHkçk; gSA
m0& ea= dk nsork ea= ds fo"k; ds ckjs eü crkrk gS fd bl ea= eas fdl fo"k; ds ckjs
eü crk;k x;k gSA bldk Hkh ea= ds lkFk ek= bruk gh lEcUèk gSA
iz0& osn dh fdruh 'kk[kk,a g® \
m0& fdlh le; eü osn dh 1131 'kk[kk,a miyCèk gksrh FkhA _Xosn dh 21] ;tqon Zs
dh 101] lkeosn dh 1000 rFkk vFkoZon s dh 9 'kk[kk,a gks x;h FkhA pkj ewy dks
fudky dj 'ks"k 1127 'kk[kk,a ewy osn u gksdj bZ'ojÏr osnkü ds _f"kÏr O;k[;ku
g®A vktdy _Xosn dh 'kkdy 'kk[kk ¼ewy½] 'kSf'kfj 'kk[kk ¼lk;.kHkk"; okyh ½ rFkk
'kk³~[kk;u 'kk[kk ¼ gLrfyf[kr½] 'kqDy ;tqon Zs dh ekè;fUnu ¼ewy½ vkSj dk.o rFkk
Ï".k ;tqon Zs dh rSfÙkjh;] eS=k;.kh] dkBd vkSj di dkfi"By lafgrk,a] lkeosn dh
dkSFkqe] jk.kk;uh; ¼ewy½ rFkk tSfeuh; lafgrk,a rFkk vFkoZon
s dh 'kkSudh; ¼ewy½ rFkk
iSIiykn lafgrk,a gh miyCèk g®A
ç0& pkjkü osnkü eü dÞy fdrus ea= g® \
m0& _Xosn eü 10522 ea=] ;tqon Zs eü 1975 ea=] lkeosn eü 1875 ea= rFkk
vFkoZon
s esa 5977 ea= g®A bl çdkj pkjkü osnkü ds dÞy 20349 ea= g®A
ç0 & osn dk ewy fl)kUr D;k gS \
m0 & osn ds vuqlkj bZ'oj] tho rFkk çÏfr rhu vukfn inkFkZ g®A bZ'oj lfPpnkuUnLo:i
txr~ dk fufeÙk dkj.k gS rFkk miknku dkj.k çÏfr ls leLr czãk.M dh jpuk thokü
ds deks± dk ;Fkk;ksX; Qy nsus ds fy;s djrk gSA txr~ dh jpuk thokü ds Hkksx rFkk
vioxZ gsrq gSA
ç0& osn dks NksM+ vU; xzUFk Hkh rks lalkj eü çpfyr g®A mueü Hkh ;g lc Kku miyCèk
gksrk gSA ;fn mueü ;g lc Kku çkIr gks rks osnkü dh D;k vko';drk gS\
m0& osn ijekRek dk Kku gksus ls Lor% çek.k g®A bUgü fdlh vU; çek.k dh vko';drk
ugha gSA ijUrq vU; xzUFkkü ds çek.k ds fy;s osn dh vko';drk gS D;küfd os lc ekuo
jfpr g®A vr% osn Kku gh ije vko';d gSA tks&tks osnkuqdy ß xzFa k gS og Hkh çek.k
 4 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

djus ;ksX; g®] vU; ughaA

ç0& osnkuqdy
ß xzUFk dkSu ls g®A
m0& osnkuqdy
ß xzUFk fuEufyf[kr g® %&
pkj miosn &
1- vk;qonZs — tks oS|d'kkL= eü fpfdRlk fo|k gS ftlds pjd lqJr
q vkSj èkUoUrfjÏr
fu?k.Vq g®] ;g _Xosn dk miosn gSA
2- èkuqon Zs — bleü 'kókkók ds foèkku;qä vf³Âjk vkfn _f"k;kü ds cuk;s xzFa k] tksfd
vf³Âjk Hkkj}ktkfnÏr lafgrk g®] ftueü jktfo|k fl) gksrh gS] ijUrq os xzFa k çk;% yqIr
ls gks x;s g®] tks iq#"kkFkZ ls bldks fl) djuk pkgs rks osnkfn fo|kiqLrdkü ls lk{kkr~
fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ;tqon Zs dk miosn gSA ¼ oÙkZeku eü miyCèk dkSfVY; vFkZ'kkók
tSls xzFa k bl Js.kh eü j[ks tk ldrs g®A & ys[kd ½
3- xkUèkoZons — tksfd lkexku vkSj ukjnlafgrk vkfn xkufo|k ds xzFa k g®] ;g
lkeosn dk miosn gSA
4- vFkZon s — vFkkZr~ f'kYifo|k] dykdkS'ky vkSj HkoufuekZ.k dh fo|k gS &
ftlds çfriknu eü fo'odekZ] Ro"Vk] nsoK vkSj e;Ïr lafgrk gSA ;g vFkoZon
s dk
miosn gSA
pkj czkã.k —
czkã.k xzUFkkü eü eq[;rk x`gLFkkJe eü fd;s tkus okys ;K&;kxkfn dk foèkku gS
vkSj vkj.;dkü eü vj.;LFk okuçfLFk;kü ds dÙkZO;:i ;K rFkk vkRefpUru dk foèkku
gSA vkRefpUru çèkku va'k gh mifu"kn~ uke ls çFkd~ fd;s x;s g®A czkã.kkü ds vUrxZr
gh vkj.;dkü dk lekos'k gksrk gS vkSj mifu"knü vkj.;dkü dk gh ,d Hkkx g®A
_Xosn dk ,srjs; czkã.k & bl czkã.k eü ;Kkü vkSj bf"V;kü dk o.kZu gSA bldk
çèkku fo"k; lkse;kx gSA vfXu"Vkse leLr lkse;kx dh çÏfr gSA blds fofHkék l=kü
;Fkk xoke;u&l=] vkfnR;kuke;u&l=] vf³Âjlke;u&l=] }kn'kkg&;kx] vfXugks=&;kx
rFkk jktlw;&Ørq ,oa jkT;kfHk"ksd dk çfriknu gSA bl czkã.k ds vUr eü iqjksfgr ds
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 5

èkkfeZd vkSj jktuSfrd fØ;kdyki of.kZr gSA bl çdkj bleü X;kjg ;Kkü dk o.kZu
fd;k x;k gSA
blds vfrfjä _Xosn dh 'kkÌk;u 'kk[kk dk 'kkÌk;u czkã.k rFkk dkS"khrfd
czkã.k Hkh miyCèk gksrs gSAa vkj.;dkü eü ,srjs;] dkS"khrfd vkSj 'kk³~[kk;u vkj.;d
Hkh miyCèk gksrs g®A
;tqonZs dk 'kriFk czkã.k & ;g lHkh miyCèk czkã.kkü ls fo'kky xzFa k gSA bleü
eq[;rk ;Kkü dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA ,d fnolh; ;K] lkse;kx] n'kZi.w kZekl tSls ;Kkü ls
ysdj oktis;;kx] p;u;kx] v'oes?k vkSj jktlw; tSls jktuSfrd jk"Vªijd ;Kkü dk
fo'kn o.kZu gSA bleü czãfo|k] vkRek vkSj lalkj] cUèku vkSj eks{k fo"k;kü ij Hkh
xEHkhj fpUru miyCèk gksrk gSA
blds vfrfjä Ï".k ;tqon Zs dh rSfÙkjh; 'kk[kk dk rSfÙkjh;czkã.k Hkh miyCèk
gksrk gSA rFkk 'kqDy ;tqon Zs ds ekè;fUnu c`gnkjk.;d rFkk dk.o c`gnkjk.;d vkSj
Ï".k ;tqon Zs ds rSfÙkjh; vkj.;d vkSj eS=k;.kh; vkj.;d Hkh miyCèk gksrs g®A
lkeosn dk lke czkã.k & dkSFkqe ok jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ds vkB czkã.k rFkk
tSfeuh; 'kk[kk ds rhu czkã.k miyCèk gksrs gSA budk laf{kIr ifjp; bl çdkj gS %&
1- rk.Mî egkczkã.k & ;g rf.M _f"k }kjk çksä] 25 vè;k;kü eü foHkä rFkk
lcls cM+k gSA bleü 177 ;kxkü dk fo'kn o.kZu gS] ftueü 75 ,dkg ;kx] 34 vghu
;kx] 65 l= ;kx rFkk 3 vfXu"Vkse] }kn'kkg ,oa xoke;u g®A bleü mn~xkr`x.k ls
lEc) ;tqeUZ =kü dk mËs[k] f=o`r]~ i´pn'k] lIrn'k vkfn Lrksekü dk vkSj mudh
fo"Vqfr;kü dk o.kZu] xoke;u&;kx ¼,d o"kZ rd pyus okyk rFkk leLr l=kü dk
çÏfrHkwr ;kx ½ dk o.kZu] vfXu"Vkse ,oa vfXu"Vkse;kx laLFkk] vfrjk= ;kxlaLFkk ,oa
çk;f'pÙk] }kn'k ;kx dk fu:i.k] lexz ,dkg ;kxksa dk foospu] lEiw.kZ vghu ;kxkü
dk foospu] leLr l= ;kxkü dh ehekalk dh xbZ gSA
2- "kM~foa'k czkã.k & ;g rk.Mî czkã.k dk iwjd gSA bleü dÞy Ng vè;k; g® rFkk
çèkkur% ik¡p ;kxkü dk o.kZu gS—';su;kx] b"kq;kx] lan'a k;kx] ozt;kx vkSj oS'onso
=;ksn'kl=;kxA vfUre;kx eü lUè;kuq"Bku rFkk vÚqr'kkfUr çdj.k gSA
 6 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

3- lkefoèkku czkã.k & bleü rhu vè;k; g®] ftueü ÏPNª] vfrÏPNª vkfn ozrkü dk
vuq"Bku] 'kkfUrdj.k] vk;q";oèkZu] 'k=qfouk'k] vfHk"ksd vkfn dk o.kZu gSA bleü
of.kZr cgqr lh ckrü osnfo#) gksus ls çek.k dksfV eü ugha vkrhA
4- nsorkè;k; czkã.k & bleü fuèku&Hksn ls lke nsorkvkü dk uke&funs'Z k] NUnkü ds
nsork ,oa o.kks± dk funs'Z k vkSj NUnkü ds ukekü dh fu#fä;k¡ g®A
5- vk"ks; Z czkã.k & ;g lkeosn dh vk"kkZuØ
q e.kh gS] ftleü iwokZfpd ds NUn] nsork
vkSj _f"k;kü dk o.kZu gSA
6- eU= czkã.k & bls NkUnksX; czkã.k Hkh dgrs g®A blds çFke nks çikBdkü eü x`á
laLdkjkü eü ç;qä gksus okys eU=kü dk laxg
z gS vkSj vfUre vkB çikBdkü eü çfl)
NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ gSA
7- lafgrksifu"kn~ czkã.k & bleü fofoèk xku&lafgrkvkü dk Lo:i rFkk vè;;u
Qy] xku&lafgrk dk fofèk] LrksHk] Loj] "kV~rhFkZ ¼fo|knku ds ik=½] fo|k ds vufèkdkjh]
xq#nf{k.kk ,oa i;ksor
z vkfn ri'pj.k dk fo"k; of.kZr gSA ;kLdh; fu#ä dk fo|k
vfèkdkjh&vufèkdkjh dk çdj.k blh czkã.k ds vkèkkj ij fy[kk x;k gSA
8- oa'k czkã.k & rhu [k.Mkü ds bl czkã.k eü lkeosn ds vkpk;ks± dh oa'kijEijk dk
o.kZu gSA vfUre Hkkx eü "kM~ osnkaxkü dh Hkh ppkZ gSA
9- tSfeuh; czkã.k & ;g fo'kkydk; czkã.k ryodkj czkã.k Hkh dgykrk gSA
bldk vfUre Hkkx mifu"kn~ gSA egkczkã.kHkkx ds vfrfjä bleü }kn'kkg] egkozr]
,dkg] vghu ,oa l= ;kxkü dk o.kZu gSA
10- tSfeuh; vk"ks;
Z czkã.k & bls lkeosn dh ryodkj 'kk[kk dh _";uqØe.kh dgk
tkrk gSA
11- tSfeuh; mifu"kn~ czkã.k & bls ryodkj vkj.;d Hkh dgk tkrk gSA çfl)
dsuksifu"kn~ blh ls yh x;h gSA bleü vusd ea=kü dh ân;xzkgh O;k[;k ds vfrfjä dbZ
lke Hkh of.kZr gq, g®A
vFkoZons dk xksiFk czkã.k & bl dk eq[; fo"k; ;kfKd çfØ;k gSA iwoHZ kkx eü
vks3e~ dh efgek foLr`r :i ls xkbZ xbZ gSA f}rh; çikBd eü czãpkjh dk egÙo rFkk
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 7

mlds dÙkZO;kü dk foospu gSA rRi'pkr~ ;Kkü dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA bleü vkfRed;K
vFkkZr~ vkRek dh mékfr ls iq#"kkFkZ c<kdj vék] çtk] i'kq vkSj lq[k çkfIr dk foèkku
gSA blds vfrfjä l`f"Vfo|k] xk;=hea= O;k[;k rFkk 'kjhjfo|k dk Hkh o.kZu gSA
N% osnkax &
1- f'k{kk — mleü o.kksPZ pkj.k gh fofèk gSA bldk ikf.kfu eqfu Ïr f'k{kklw=ikB
çkef.kd xzFa k gSA
2- dYi — mleü osnea=kü ds vuq"Bku dh fofèk gSA bleü JkSrlw=] x`álw=] èkeZl= w
rFkk 'kqYclw= vkrs g®A ;g ;Kkü ds ç;ksxkü dk leFkZu djus okys 'kkók dgykrs g®A
budk ifjp; vkxs fn;k x;k gSA
3- O;kdj.k — mleü 'kCn] vFkZ vkSj mudü ijLij lacèa k dk fu'p; gSA blds
çkekf.kd xzFa k ikf.kfueqfuÏr v"Vkè;k;h vkSj ir´tfyeqfuÏr egkHkk"; g®A blds
vfrfjä ikf.kfueqfuÏr m.kkfn&lw=ikB] fy³Âkuq'kklue&lw=ikB] èkkrqikB] x.kikB
Hkh çekf.kd xzFa k gSA rFkk buds lgk;d xzFa kkü eü dkR;k;ueqfuÏr okfÙkZd&x.kikB]
ir´tfyeqfuÏr ifjHkk"kk&ikB rFkk 'kkUruoç.khr fQV~l= w g®A bl ij Lokeh n;kuUn
jfpr osnk³Âçdk'k ds v"Vkè;k;h vkSj egkHkk"; ds vkèkkj ij fy[ks x;s o.kksPZ pkj.kf'k{kk]
lfUèkfo"k;] ukfed] dkjdh;] lkefld] ókS.kkrkf)r] vO;;kFkZ] vk[;kfrd] lkSoj]
ikfjHkkf"kd] èkkrqikB] x.kikB] m.kkfndks"k g®A
4- fu#ä — bleü osnea=kü dh fu#fä;ka gSA fu#ä fu?k.Vq dh O;k[;k gSA ;g xzUFk
;kLdeqfu Ïr gSA
5- NUn — bleü xk;=h vkfn NUnkü ds y{k.k g® rFkk oSfnd ykSfdd NUnkü dk
ifjp; gS] ;g xzUFk fi³Âykpk;ZÏr gSA
6- T;ksfr"k — bleü Hkwr] Hkfo";] oÙkZeku dk Kku gS] bleü vad] cht] js[kk xf.kr
fo|k lPph rFkk Qyfo|k >wBh gSA ;g xzFa k ofl"Beqfu vkfn Ïr T;ksfr"k] lw;fZ l)kUr
vkfn g®A
 8 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

mifu"kn~ uke ds xzUFkkü gh la[;k 400 ls vfèkd gSA bueü ls yxHkx 223
z “mifu"kn~ okD; egkdks"k” ds uke ls miyCèk gksrk gSA
mifu"knkü ds okD;kü dk laxg
ijUrq fuEu nl mifu"knkü & bZ'k] dsu] dB] ç'u] eq.Md] ek.MwD;] ,srjs;h] rSfÙkjh;h]
NkUnksX; vkSj c`gnkj.;d dks gh çekf.kd ekuk tkrk gSA bueü czãfo|k eq[; fo"k;
gSA
N% mikax &
1- tSfeuh eqfu Ïr iwoe Z hekaLkk ij O;kleqfuÏr Hkk"; & bleü ;Kkü rFkk deZdk.M
dk foèkku vkSj èkeZ èkehZ nks inkFkks± ls lc inkFkks± dh O;k[;k ,oa lkekftd U;k;
O;oLFkk dk o.kZu gSA bl n'kZu ij O;kleqfuÏr Hkk"; miyCèk ugha gksrk ijUrq çkphu
'kcjLokeh Ïr 'kkcjHkk"; miyCèk gSA ;g n'kZu 16 vè;k;kü eü iw.kZ g®A ijUrq igys
12 vè;k; gh lkekU;r% miyCèk gksrs g®A bl n'kZu ds vè;k; 13&16 lad"kZ.kdk.M
ds uke ls çfl) gS rFkk vyx ls miyCèk gksrk gSA 'kcjLokeh dk Hkk"; Hkh igys 12
vè;k;kü ij gh gSA 'kcjLokeh ds Hkk"; ij nks Vhdk,a Hkh çpfyr g®A igyh dÞekfjyHkê
dh rFkk nwljh çHkkdjfeJ dhA dÞekfjy Hkê dh Vhdk igys vè;k; ds igys ikn ij
'yksdokfÙkZd ds uke ls] nwljs ikn ls rhljs vè;k; rd rU=okfÙkZd ds uke ls rFkk
vè;k; 4 ls 12 rd VqiVhdk ds uke ls miyCèk gksrh gSA rFkk çHkkdj feJ dh Vhdk
c`grh ds uke ls çfl) gSA bl n'kZu ij ,d vkSj o`fÙk oklqno
s nhf{kr Ïr vèojehekalk&
dÞrgw yo`fÙk ds uke ls miyCèk gksrh gSA
2- d.kkn eqfu Ïr oS'ksf"kdn'kZu ij ç'kLriknHkk"; lfgr & bleü çÏfr ds inkFkks±
dk xq.k] deZ vkSj LoHkko dk eq[;rk çfriknu gSA miyCèk ç'kLriknHkk"; lw=kü ij
Hkk"; u gksdj ,d LorU= xzFa k inkFkZèkeZlx
a g
z ds uke ls çfl) gSA lw=kü ij Lokeh
czãeqfuÏr Hkk"; çkekf.kd rFkk osnkuqdy ß gSA
3- xkSre eqfu Ïr U;k;n'kZu ij okRL;k;ueqfuÏr Hkk"; lfgr & bleü çek.kfo|k
dk çfriknu gSA
4- ir´tfy eqfu Ïr ;ksxn'kZu ij O;klHkk"; lfgr & tks ehekalk] oS'ksf"kd vkSj
U;k; bu rhu 'kkókkü }kjk lc inkFkks± ds Jo.k vkSj fpUru ls vkuqekfud Kku vkSj
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 9

fu'p; gksrk gS muds lk{kkr~ Kku dk lkèku vkSj mikluk dh jhfr crkus okyk xzFa k gSA
bleü v"Vk³Â;ksx dk o.kZu gS ftlls tho lekfèk dh voLFkk rd igqp
¡ dj vkRelk{kkRdkj
rFkk ijekRelk{kkRdkj dj ldrk gSA
5- dfiy eqfu Ïr lka[;n'kZu ij HkkxqfjeqfuÏr Hkk"; lfgr & bleü l`f"Vfo|k
rFkk bZ'oj tho vkSj çÏfr dk eq[;rk çfriknu gSA lka[;n'kZu ij vktdy HkkxqfjeqfuÏr
Hkk"; miyCèk ugha gksrk ijUrq vfu#)o`fÙk rFkk Lokeh czãeqfuÏr Hkk"; miyCèk gksrs
g®A bueü ls vfu#)o`fÙk osnkuqdy ß u gksus ls çekf.kd ugha gSA rFkk czãeqfuÏr
osnkuqdyß gksus ls çekf.kd gSA
6- O;kleqfu Ïr osnkUrn'kZu ij cksèkk;ueqfuÏrHkk"; & bleü czãfo|k dk
eq[;rk ls çfriknu gSA bl n'kZu ij cksèkk;ueqfuÏr Hkk"; miyCèk ugha gksrk ijUrq
'kk³ÁjHkk"; rFkk czãeqfuÏr Hkk"; miyCèk gksrs g®A 'kk³ÁjHkk"; v}Srokn ijd gksus ls
osnfo#) gSA Lokeh czãeqfu Ïr Hkk"; osnkuqdy ß ] çkekf.kd vkSj lqli"V gSA
euqLe`fr & eü o.kkZJeèkeks± dk O;k[;ku gS rFkk o.kZld
a jkü ds èkeks± dk Hkh
O;k[;ku gSA
fonqjuhfr] ukjnlafgrk] ;kKoYD; f'k{kk — ç{ksi NksMd
+ j osnkuqdy
ß
HkkxA
dYi —
tSlk fd crk;k x;k gS fd ;g JkSrlw=] x`álw=] 'kqYclw= rFkk èkeZl=
w kü dk
leqnk; gSA tksfd izR;sd osn ds miyC/k gksrs gSAa
x`álw= — bueü tUe ls ysdj 'e'kku rd laLdkjkü dh O;k[;k gSA
JkSrlw= —bueü czkã.kxzFa kkü eü of.kZr fo"k;&oLrq dk çfriknu rFkk vfXu }kjk
lEik|eku ;kxkfn vuq"Bkukü dk o.kZu gSA
'kqYclw= — bueü osnh ds fuekZ.kfofèk dk oSKkfud çfriknu gSA
èkeZl=
w — bueü o.kkZJe èkeZ ds dÙkZO;kü dk fu#i.k gSA
 10 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

JkSrlw=%&
_Xosnh; JkSrlw= nks g® & 1- vk'oyk;u vkSj 2- 'kkÌ;uA bu JkSrlw=kü eü
iqjksuo
q kD;k] ;kT;k] rÙkr~ 'kkókkü vkSj muds vuq"Bku çdkjkü dk mYYks[k djrs gq, muds
ns'kdky o dÙkkZ vkfn dk foèkku] Loj vkSj çk;f'pÙk vkfn çèkkur;k vfHkfgr g®A
Ï".k ;tqonZs ds vkB JkSrlw= g® & bueü 1- ckSèkk;u] 2- vkiLrEc] 3- fgj.;ds'kh]
4- Hkkj}kt] 5- oS[kkul 6- okjkg rFkk 7- dkBd & ;s lkr JkSrlw= rSfÙkjh; 'kk[kk ds
g®] vkSj 8- ekuo JkSrlw= eS=k;.kh;lafgrk dk gSA buds vykok ,d okèkwy JkSrlw=
Hkh miyCèk gksrk gSA
'kqDy ;tqonZs dk ek= ,d gh dkR;k;u JkSrlw= gSA ;g 'kqDy;qtosn Z dh iUæg
'kk[kkvkü dk vfèkÏr djds of.kZr gSA fo'ks"kr% ;g dk.o vkSj ekè;fUnu 'kk[kh; gSA
lkeosn ds JkSrlw= g® & 1- ykVîk;u JkSrlw=] 2- ækák;.k JkSrlw= 3-
e'kddYilw= vFkok vk"ks;
Z JkSrlw= vkSj 4- tSfeuh; JkSrlw=A
vFkoZon
s dk ,d gh oSrku JkSrlw= miyCèk gksrk gSA fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd ;g
JkSrlw= ek= JkSrfo"k;kü dk gh çfriknu u djds x`áfo"k;kü dk Hkh çfriknu djrk
gSA
xzálw= %&
_Xosn ds x`álw= &
1- vk'oyk;u x`álw= & bleü x`ádeZ vkSj laLdkjkü ds o.kZu ds lkFk&lkFk vU;=
vçkIr çkphu vkpk;ks± ds uke Hkh fufnZ"V g®A
2- 'kkÌk;u x`álw= & bleü laLdkjkü ds o.kZu ds lkFk&lkFk x`gfuekZ.k vkSj x`gços'k
vkfn dk Hkh o.kZu gSA bleü jpf;rk lq;K g®A rFkk
3- dkS"khrfd x`álw= & blds jpf;rk 'kkEHkO; g®A xzUFkkjEHk fookg laLdkj ds o.kZu
ls gksrk gSA bleü tkr f'k'kq ds vkjfEHkd laLdkj ds ckn miu;u&laLdkj dk o.kZu gSA
Ïf"kdeks± rFkk fir`eès k çHk`fr laLdkjkü dk Hkh o.kZu gSA
_Xosn ds vçdkf'kr x`álw=kü ds uke bl çdkj miyCèk gksrs g® & 'kkSud
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 11

x`álw=] Hkkjoh; x`álw=] 'kkdY; x`álw=] iSf³Âjl x`álw= rFkk ikjk'kj x`álw=A
'kqDy ;tqon
Zs ds dkR;k;u rFkk ikjLdj x`álw= miyCèk gksrk gSA blds vykok
,d oStokix`álw= ekuk tkrk gS tks fd vuqiyCèk gSA
Ï".k ;tqon
Zs ds fuEu x`álw= miyCèk gksrs g® &
1- ckSèkk;u x`álw= & ;g Ï".k ;tqon Zs dh rSfÙkjh; 'kk[kk dk gS] eSljw ls çdkf'kr
;g x`álw= ifjHkk"kk] x`á'ks"k rFkk fir`eès klw=kü ds lkFk lefUor gSA bleü pkj ç'u g®A
2- Hkkj}kt x`álw= & ;g Hkkj}kt dYilw= dk va'k gSA bleü rhu vè;k; g®A
3- vkiLrEc x`álw= & vkiLrEc dYilw= dk 27 ok¡ ç'u ;gh x`álw= gS] ftleü
rhu ç'u g®A ;g x`á eU=ikB ds x`ákü dk funs'Z k djrk gSA ;g x`álw= vkB iVykü eü
foHkä gS]
4- fgj.;ds'khx`álw= & bls lR;k"kk<x`álw= Hkh dgrs g®A fgj.;dsf'kd& dYilw=
dk ;g 19 rFkk 20 ç'u:i gSA x`á vuq"Bkukü ds eU= bleü fo'kn:i eas fn;s x;s g®A
5- oS[kkulx`álw= & rSfÙkjh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) ;g x`álw= vokUrjdkyhu ekuk
tkrk gSA vuq"Bkukü eü ç;kstuh; eU=kü ds dsoy çrhd ek= dk bleü mËs[k gSA
6- vfXuos';x`álw= & bl xzFa k ds jpf;rk vfXuos'k uked oSfnd vkpk;Z g®A vU;
xzálw=kü dh vis{kk bldk o.;Z&fo"k; furkUr fHkék gSA bleü of.kZr ;frlaLdkj]
laU;klfofèk] okuçLFkfofèk vkfn ds Åij vokUrjdkyhu èkkfeZd laLdkjkü dk çHkko
nh[krk gSA
7- okjkgx`álw= & ;g x`álw= eS=k;.khlafgrk ds ea=kü dk mËs[k djrk gSA blds
vfèkdka'k lw= ekuox`á vkSj dkBdx`á ds leku gh g®A x`áksi;ksxh fo"k;&oLrq ds
vHkko eü ;g vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ ugha gSA
8- dkBdx`álw= & ;g Ï".k;tqon Zs gh dB'kk[kk ls lEc) gS] bls x`áif´tdk Hkh
dgrs g®A bleü xHkkZèkkukfn] x`á'kkfUr] oS'onso] Jo.kkdeZ] QkYxquhdeZ] gksykdeZ vkfn
fo"k; çfrikfnr g®A
9- ekuox`álw= & ;g Ï".k;tqon
Zs gh eS=k;.kh 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleü miu;u]
 12 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lUè;k] fookg ,oa xHkkZèkkukfn] nh{kk] fuR;gkse] LFkkyhikd] vkxzgk;.kh] uokék] x`gços'k]
oS'onso vkfn deZ çfrikfnr g®A
lkeosn ds pkj x`álw= miyCèk gksrs g® &
1- xksfHkyx`álw= & ;g lkeosn dh dkSFkqe 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleü vXU;k& èkku]
oS'onso] LFkkyhikd] fookg] prqFkhZdeZ] xHkkZèkku ls miu;u] mikdeZ] xksikyufofèk]
Jo.kkdeZ] vk'o;qth] uokékçk'ku] dkE;deZ] okLrq;K vkSj eèkqidZ vkfn dk o.kZu
gSA
2- [kkfnj x`álw= & ;g lkeosn dh jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA ;g xksfHkyx`álw=
ds leku gh gSA bleü fookg vkfn] fuR;gkse] oS'onso] LFkkyhikd] vk'o;qth] vkxzgk;.kh
vkfn deks± dk foèkku gSA
3- ækák;.k x`álw= & ;g lkeosn dh jk.kk;uh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleas ifjHkk"kk]
ikd;K] fookg] xHkkZèkku] miu;u] mikdeZ] eèkqidZ vkfn fo"k; g®A
4- tSfeuh; x`álw= & ;g lkeosn dh tSfeuh; 'kk[kk ls lEc) gSA bleas ikd;K]
iql
a ou ls miu;u rd ds deZ] fookgksikdeZ] fuR;gkse] lUè;k] oS'onso vkfn fo"k;kü
dk çfriknu gSA
vFkoZon
s dk ,dek= dkSf'kd x`álw= miyCèk gksrk gSA bleü çkphu Hkkjrh;
tknqfo|k dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA bl fo|k dh vuqie lkexzh bl xzUFk eü ladfyr gSA
blds vfrfjä bleü oS|d'kkók dh Hkh vÚqr tkudkjh feyrh gSA vkS"kèkkü ds fy;s ;g
v{k; fufèk gSA
èkeZlw=kü eü xkSreèkeZlw=] vkiLrEcèkeZlw=] cksèkk;uèkeZlw=] fgj.;&
dsf'kèkeZl=
w ] ofl"BèkeZl=
w ] fo".kqèkeZl=
w ] gkjhrèkeZl=
w ,oa 'kÌèkeZl=
w miyCèk gksrs
g®A budk eq[;fo"k; vkJekü rFkk o.kks± ds dÙkZO;] O;fä ds vkpj.k ds fu;e]
çk;fÜpr] jktk ds dÙkZO;] vijkèk vkSj n.M dk foèkku] ókh ds dÙkZO; vkfn g®A
'kqYclw= & ;g osfn;kü rFkk fpfr;kü ds ekiu rFkk fuekZ.k dh oSKkfud fofèk
of.kZr gSA vktdy vkB 'kqYclw= miyCèk gksrs g® — cksèkk;u] vkiLrEc] lR;k"kk<
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 13

vFkok fgj.;ds'kh] ekuo] eS=k;.kh;] okjkg] okèkwy vkSj dkR;k;uA bueü ls çFke
lkr 'kqYclw= Ï".k;tqon Zs ds gS rFkk vkBok¡ 'kqDy;tqon
Zs dk gSA bueü xf.kr vkSj
T;kfefr ds foy{k.k foKku dk o.kZu gSA vktdy Hkwy ls yksx T;kfefr eü ftls
iSFkkxksjl dk fl)kUr dgrs g® mldk çfriknu iSFkkxksjl ls Hkh vfr çkphudky eü
fyf[kr bu xzUFkkü eü feyrk gSA vr% gekjh çkphu xzUFk lEink vkèkqfud ;qx dh lHkh
miyfCèk;kü dk ewy fy;s gq, gSA
oÙkZeku dky eü dYikü eü pkjkü lw= dsoy cksèkk;u vkSj vkiLrEc ds gh miyCèk
gksrs g®A vU; ds 2&3 lw= gh miyCèk gks ikrs g®A
okYehfd jkek;.k rFkk egkHkkjr & ;g nksukü bfrgkl xzUFk gS rFkk bueü
vPNs yksxkü rFkk nq"V tukü ds y{k.k g®A
y{k.k xzUFk % bueü çkfr'kk[; vkSj vuqØe.kh xzUFk vkrs g®A çkfr'kk[;kü dk
eq[; fo"k; inikB vkSj ØeikB ds fu;e n'kkZuk gSA rFkk vuqØe.kh xzUFkkü eü osnkü vkSj
mudh 'kk[kkvkü ds ea=kü ds _f"k] nsork vkSj NUnkü dk ifjp; gksrk gSA
çkfr'kk[; xzUFkkü eü fuEu çkfr'kk[; miyCèk gksrs g® &
1- 'kkSudçksä _Dçkfr'kk[;] 2- dkR;k;uçksä 'kqDy;tq%çkfr'kk[;] 3-
Ï".k;tqon Zs h; rSfÙkjh;çkfr'kk[;] 4- lkeosnh; çkfr'kk[; ¼iq"ilw=½] 5- _DrU=e~
6- vFkoZon s h; çkfr'kk[; rFkk 7- 'kkSudh;k prqjè;kf;dkA
vuqØe.kh xzUFkkü eü fuEu xzUFk g® &
'kkSudkpk;Z us _Xosn dh fuEu nl vuqØef.k;ka cukbZ Fkh &
1- vk"kkZuØ
q e.kh] 2- nsorkuqØe.kh] 3- NUnksuØ
q e.kh] 4-vuqokdkuqØe.kh] 5- iknfoèkku]
6- c`gísork] 7- lwäkuqØe.kh] 8- _fXoèkku] 9- _Dçkfr'kk[; vkSj 10- Le`frA
buds vykok dkR;k;uÏr dh lokZuØ q e.kh miyCèk gksrh gSA blds vfrfjä oüdVekèko
dh _XosnkuqØe.kh Hkh miyCèk gksrh gSA
'kqDy;tqon Zs dh dkR;k;uÏr lokZuØ
q e.kh miyCèk gksrh gS vkSj Ï".k ;tqon
Zs
dh rSfÙkjh; 'kk[kk dh ;kLdÏr vuqØe.kh Fkh tks fd miyCèk ugha gksrhA
 14 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp;

lkeosn dh uSx;
s 'kk[kk dh _";uqØe.kh vkSj nsorkuqØe.kh miyCèk gksrs g®A
vFkoZon
s dh c`gRlokZuØ
q e.kh miyCèk gksrh gSA
bu xzUFkkü eü Hkh tks opu O;kdj.k] osn rFkk f'k"Vkpkj ds fo#) gkü og vlR;
gS rFkk mudk çek.k ugha djuk pkfg;sA
osnkü ij Hkh miyCèk Hkk";kü eü lk;.kkfn Ïr Hkk"; ek= ;K çfØ;k ijd gksu]s
fu#ä ,oa O;kdj.k ds fu;e ls fo#) gksu]s osnkü eü bfrgkl ,oa v'yhyrk nks"k ijd
gksu]s osnkü dh vUr%lk{kh ,oa ewy fl)kUrkü ls foijhr gksus rFkk Hkk";kü eü vUrfoZjksèk
gksus ls çekf.kd ugha ekus tk ldrsA oLrqr% osn vkfnl`f"V eü ijekRek }kjk thokü ds
dY;k.k gsrq fn;k x;k Kku gksus ls] bleü fdlh çdkj dk bfrgkl lEHko gh ugha gSA
egf"kZ n;kuUn dk osnHkk"; mi;qä Z nks"kkü ls jfgr gSA
mi;qä
Z fo"k;kü ij bu 'kkókkü ls vU; xzUFk _f"kÏr u gksdj euq";Ïr gksus ls
çek.k dksfV eü ugha vkrs rFkk mueü fofHkék çdkj ds vlR; ,oa feF;kHkk"k.k Hkjs g®A
mi;Zäq _f"k;kü ds xzFa kkü dks NksMd
+ j euq";kü Ïr xzFa k fofHkUu nks"kkü ls ;qä g® tSls &
ik"kk.k vkfn eü nsork dh cqf) ¼ Hkkouk ½ j[k dj mudh iwtk djuk] 'kSo] 'kkä]
oS".ko] xk.kiR; rFkk okeekxZ vkfn lEçnk; dYiuk] Hkkax vkfn u'kkü dk ç;ksx]
ijókhxeu vkfn O;fHkpkj dk vuqeksnu] pksjh djuk] Ny] vfHkeku] feF;kHkk"k.k
vkfn nks"k;qä gksus ls R;kT; g®A
ijUrq buls foijhr tks lR; g® og gh xzg.k djus ;ksX; gS &
1- mi;qä
Z osnkuqdy
ß xzFa k _f"kÏr gS vr% çkekf.kd g®A
2- czãp;Z vkJe eü xq# dh lsok] vius èkeZ ds vuq"Bku ds vuqlkj osnkü dk i<+ukA
3- osnksä o.kkZJe ds vuqlkj vius vius èkeZ lUè;k] mikluk] vfXugks= vkfn dk
vuq"BkuA
4- 'kkók ds vuqlkj viuh ókh ls lacèa k vkSj iapegk;Kkü dk vuq"Bku] _rqdky eü
viuh ókh ls xeu djuk] Jqfr vkSj Le`fr ds vuqlkj pkypyu j[kukA
5- ne] ri'pj.k] ;e vkfn ls ysdj lekfèk rd mikluk vkSj lRlaxiwod
Z okuçLFkkJe
dk vuq"Bku djukA
 oSfnd/keZ xzUFk ifjp; 15

6- fopkj] foosd] oSjkX;] ijkfo|k dk vH;kl vkSj lU;klxzg.k djds lc deks± ds

Qy dh bPNk u djukA
7- Kku vkSj foKku ls leLr vuFkZ ls mRiék gksus okys tUe] ej.k] g"kZ] 'kksd] dke]
Øksèk] yksHk] eksg] laxnks"k ds R;kxus dk vuq"Bku djukA
8- vfo|k] vfLerk] jkx] }s"k] vfHkfuos'k] re] jt] lRo lc Dys'kkü dh fuo`fÙk]
iapegkHkwrkü ls vrhr gksdj eks{kLo:i vkSj ijczã ds vkuUn dks çkIr djuk pkfg;sA
bu vkB çdkj ds lR;kü dks xzg.k djuk pkfg;sA