iÛÓk{kjeU=k dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.

k
iÛÓk{kjeU=k (ue% f'kok;) ls igys ¬dkj tksM+ nsus ls ;g "kM{kj eU=k dgykus yxrk
gSA ;g "kM{kj gksrs gq, Hkh iÛÓk{kj uke ls gh çfl¼ gSA ,d ckj nsoh Hkxoku~ f'ko ls iwNrh
gSa&¶nqtZ;] nqyZÄ~?; ,oa dyqf"kr dfydky esa tc lkjk lalkj /eZ ls foeq[k gks ikie;
v/adkj ls vkPNkfnr gks tk;xk] o.kZ vkSj vkJe laca/h vkpkj u"V gks tk;¡xs] /eZladV
mifLFkr gks tk;xk] lcdk vf/dkj lafnX/] vfuf'pr vkSj foijhr gks tk;xk] ml le; mins'k
dh ç.kkyh u"V gks tk;xh vkSj xq#&f'k"; dh ijEijk Hkh tkrh jgsxh] ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa vkids
HkDr fdl mik; ls eqDr gks ldrs gSa\¸
egknsoth mÙkj nsrs gSa&^dfydky ds le; esjh ije euksje iÛÓk{kjh fo|k dk vkJ;
ys HkfDr ls HkkforfpÙk gksdj lalkjcU/u ls O;fDr] eqDr gks ldsaxsA tks ekufld] okfpd
vkSj 'kkjhfjd nks"kksa ls nwf"kr] Ñr?u] funZ;] Nyh] yksHkh] vkSj dqfVy fpÙk gSa] os euq"; Hkh
;fn eq>esa eu yxkdj esjh iÛÓk{kjh fo|k dk ti djsaxs rks os eqDr gks tk;¡xsA Hkwry ij ifrr
gqvk HkDr Hkh bl i×Pkk{kjh fo|k ds }kjk cU/ueqDr gks tkrk gSaA*
vkfJR; ijeka fo|ka g`|ka iapk{kjha eeA
HkDR;k p HkkforkReuks eqP;ars dfytk ujk%AA
euksokDdk;tSnksZ"kSoZDrqa LerqZexkspjS%A
nwf"krkuka Ñr?ukuka fuandkuka NykReuke~AA
yqC/kuka oØeulkefi eRço.kkReuke~A
ee iapk{kjh fo|k lalkjHk;rkfj.khAA
(f'koiqjk.k] ok;oh;lafgrk] mÙkj[k.M 13@4&6)
vkfn eas ^ue%* in ls ;qDr ^f'kok;*&;s rhu v{kj ftldh ftg~ok ds vxzHkkx esa fo|eku
gSa] mldk thou lQy gks x;kA iÜÓk{kj&eU=k ds ti esa yxk gqvk iq#"k ;fn if.Mr] ew[kZ]
vUR;t vFkok v/e Hkh gks rks og ikii×tj ls eqDr gks tkrk gSA
ueLdkjkfnla;qDra f'kok;sR;{kj=k;e~A
ftg~okxzsorZrs ;L; lQya rL; thfore~AA
vaR;tks ok/eks okfiew[kksZ ok iafMrks¿fi okAA
iapk{kjtis fu"BkseqP;rs ikiiatjkr~AA
(f'koiqjk.k] ok;oh;lafgrk] mÙkj[k.M 12@36&37)
 bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
Hkxoku~ f'ko dks çlUu djus gsrq ½f"k;ksa us czãkth ls iÜÓk{kj&eU=k dk Kku çkIr
dj ewtoku~ ioZr ij ,d gtkj fnO; o"kks±rd riL;k dhA QyLo:i ½f"k;ksa dh HkfDr ns[kdj
Hkxoku~ f'ko us mUgsa çR;{k n'kZu nsdj iÜÓk{kj&eU=k ds ½f"k] NUn] nsork] cht] 'kfDr]
dhyd] "kMaxU;kl] fnXcU/ vkSj fofu;ksx&bu lc ckrksa dk iw.kZ:i ls Kku djok;kA
bl eU=k dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd pyrs&fQjrs] [kM+s gksrs vFkok LosPNkuqqlkj deZ djrs
gq,] ifo=k ;k vifo=k iq#"k ds ti djus ij Hkh ;g fu"Qy ugha gksrkA vUR;t] ew[kZ] ew<+]
ifrr] e;kZnkjfgr vkSj uhp ds fy;s Hkh ;g eU=k fu"Qy ugha gksrkA fdlh Hkh voLFkk esa iM+k
gqvk euq"; ;fn Hkxoku~ f'ko esa mÙke HkfDr&Hkko j[krk gS] rks mlds fy;s ;g eU=k fu%lUnsg
fl¼ gksxk] fdUrq nwljs fdlh ds fy;s og fl¼ ugha gks ldrkA bl eU=k ds fy;s yXu] frfFk]
okj vkSj ;ksx vkfn dk vf/d fopkj visf{kr ugha gSA ;g eU=k dHkh lqIr ugha gksrk] lnk
tkxzr gh jgrk gSA ;g egkeU=k dHkh fdlh dk 'k=kq ugha gksrkA ;g pkgs fl¼ xq# ds mins'k
ls çkIr gks vFkok vfl¼ xq# ls vFkok dsoy ijEijk ls çkIr gks] vxj dksbZ Hkxoku~ f'ko
eas] eU=k esa rFkk xq# esa vfr'k; J¼k j[kusokyk gS rks mldks feyk gqvk eU=k vo'; fl¼ gksxkA
(f'koiqjk.k] ok;oh;lafgrk] mÙkj[k.M 14@63&71)
xPNrfLr"Brks okfi LosPN;k deZ dqoZr%A
v'kqpsokZ 'kqpsokZfi eU=kks¿;Uu p fu"Qy%AA
vUR;tL;kfi ew[kZL; ew<L; ifrrL; pA
fueZ;kZnL; uhpL; ea=kks¿;a u p fu"Qy%AA
lokZoLFkka xrL;kfi ef; HkfDrer% ije~A
flè;R;so u lansgks ukijL; rq dL;fpr~AA
-----------------------------------A
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AA
;|fi iÜÓk{kjeU=k lHkh yksxksa ds fy;s mi;ksxh gS rFkkfi ftlus xq# ls nh{kk ugha yh
gS mldh vis{kk nh{kk ysusokyk iq#"k djksM+ xquk vf/d ekuk x;k gSA vr% tgk¡rd laHko gks
nh{kk ysdj gh eU=k dk vuq"Bku djsA f'ko ds iÜÓk{kj eU=k esa lHkh dk vf/dkj gSA blhfy;s
bls loZJs"B eU=k ekuk x;k gSA
fde=k cgquksDrsu HkDrkLlosZf/dkfj.k%A
ee iapk{kjs ea=ksrLekPNªs"Brjks fg l%AA
(f'koiqjk.k] ok;oh;lafgrk] mÙkj[k.M 13@20)
218
 iÛÓk{kjeU=k dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.k
tSlk Åij dgk tk pqdk gS] f'ko vkjk/u ;k eU=kti esa HkfDr ;k J¼k gh Qynk;h
gksrh gSA vr% fcuk J¼kHkfDr ds fd;k gqvk ti&iwtk O;FkZ gksrk gSA mlls flf¼ çkIr ugha
gksrhA vr% eU=kti dks J¼k ,oa HkfDr ls djuk pkfg;sA 'kkL=kh; rjhds ls mÙke :i ls lHkh
vaxksa ds lkFk fd;k gqvk ti Hkh fujFkZd gks tk;xk vxj mls HkfDriwoZd ugha fd;k x;kA
dgk x;k gS fd f'ko ds çfr HkfDrghu iq#"k ;fn viuk loZLo Hkh ns Mkys rks mlls og
f'kokjk/u ds Qy dk Hkkxh ugha gksrk_ D;ksafd vkjk/uk esa HkfDr gh dkj.k gSA
LoZLoefi ;ks n|kfPNos HkfDrfooftZr%A
u rsu QyHkkd~ l L;kn~ HkfDrjsok=k dkj.ke~A
(f'koiqjk.k] ok;oh;lafgrk] mÙkj[k.M 25@52)
vr% igys ds vè;k;ksa esa crk;s x;s ti ds lHkh vaxksa ;k pj.kkksa dks ;fn ge ugha iwjk
dj ldrs rks blesa fpUrk dh dksbZ ckr ughaA tks&tks vax gks ldsa mls iwjh fu"Bk ds lkFk
djsaA ;gk¡ ij ge laf{kIr:i ls iÜÓk{kjeU=k ds ti dh fof/ dk fu:i.k djsaxsA
tifof/
çkr% czkãeqgrw Z esa fuR;deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj 'kq¼ ty ls Luku djuk pkfg;s vkSj 'kq¼ ,oa
mikluk ds fy;s mi;qDr oL=k igudj iwoZ ;k mÙkj dks eq[k djds dq'kkfn ds mi;qDr vklu
ij cSB tkuk pkfg;sA cSBus ds fy;s iÁklu] LofLrdklu ;k lq[kklu vkfn fdlh Hkh vklu
dks viuk;k tk ldrk gSA cSBus ds ckn #æk{k ,oa 'kkL=kh; rjhds ls HkLe dk f=kiq.Mª /kj.k djsA
rnuUrj ^¬ ds'kok; ue%* 1 vkfn iwoksDZ r(ftldk mYys[k ^eU=kti dh fof/ ,oa
rRlac/
a h fu;e* okys vè;k; esa gqvk gS) vkpeu ds ea=kksa dks cksyrs gq, rhu ckj vkpeu djsAa
rnuUrj nlksa fn'kkvksa eas b"VeU=k (¬ ue% f'kok;) ds lkFk ¶¬ f'kokK;k brks¿U;=k
oztUrq loZ ,o fg¸ eU=k i<+dj pkjksa vksj ty fNM+dsA rFkk fuEufyf[kr eU=k cksyrs gq,
vklu ds pkjksa vksj dkys fry] mM+n vkfn ysdj fc[ksj nsaA
¬ viliZUrq rs Hkwrk ;s Hkwrk Hkwfe lafLFkrk%A
;s Hkwrk fo?udrkZjLrs u';Urq f'kokK;kAA
viØkeUrq Hkwrkfu fi'kkpk% loZrks fn'ke~A
losZ"kkefojks/su czãdeZ lekjHksAA
rnuUrj vklu'kqf¼ ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr fofu;ksx ,oa eU=k i<+saA
1- bu eU=kksa dh txg iwoksZDr ^'kSo* vkpeu ds eU=kksa dks Hkh i<+k tk ldrk gSA 'kSo vkpeu ds eU=kksa
ds fy;s ^f'koeU=kksa dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.k* 'kh"kZdokyk vè;k; ns[ksaA
219
 bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
¬ i`Fohfr eU=kL; es#i`"B ½f"k%A
dweksZ nsorkA lqrya NUn%A vkluifo=kdj.ks fofu;ksx%
fofu;ksx okD; ds ckn uhps fy[kk eU=k i<+dj vklu ij ty fNM+dsaA
¬ i`fFo Ro;k /`rk yksdk nsfo Roa fo".kquk /`rkA
Roa p /kj; eka nsfo ifo=ka dq# pklue~AA
blds i'pkr~ eU=kkuq"Bku ds vf/dkj ds fy;s JhHkSjo ls fuEu eU=k cksyrs gq, vkKk
çkIr djsa&
¬ rh{.kna"Vª egkdk; dYikUrnguksieA
HkSjok; ueLrqH;euqKka nsfg es çHkksAA
vkSj eu esa Hkkouk djsa fd HkSjo us eq>s vkKk çnku dj nh gSA blds ckn nhid tykdj
LFkkfir djds nhid dks fuEu eU=k cksyrs gq, ueLdkj djsaA
Hkks nhi! nsoLo:iLRoa deZlk{khg~;fo?uÑr~A
;kor~ deZ lekfIr% L;kr~ rkor~ Roa lqfLFkjks HkoAA
rnuUrj ns'k&dky dk dhrZu djrs gq, ladYi djsaA ladYi dk ,d :i uhps fn;k
tk jgk gSA
ladYi&¬ fo".kqfoZ".kqfoZ".kq%] v| czg~e.kks¿fg~u f}rh;ijk/sZ Jh'osrokjkgdYis
oSoLoreUoUrjs¿"Vkfoa'kfrres dfy;qxs dfyçFkepj.ks tEcw}his Hkjr[k.Ms Hkkjro"ksZ-
--------------LFkkus-------------uke laoRljs-------------½rkS-------------ekls-------------i{ks-----------------------frFkkS
-------------fnus çkr%dkys-------------xks=k%-------------('kekZ] oekZ] xqIr%) ukekfu eekReu%
JqfrLe`friqjk.kksDrQyçkIR;FkZe~-------------dkeuk fl¼~;FkZe~ lnkf'ko nsork çhr;s
iÜÓk{kj eU=k iqj'pj.kkUrxZr-------------la[;k tia dfj";sA·
mi;qZDr ladYiokD; ds [kkyh LFkkuksa ij Øe'k% ti ftl LFkku ij fd;k tk jgk gS
mldk mYys[k djsa tSls ^fgekpy çkUrkUrxZrs f'keyk tuins d.Mk?kkV xzkesA* blds ckn
ipkax ls laoRlj] ½rq] ekl] i{k] frfFk] okj dk uke ns[kdj mldk mPpkj.k djsaA fQj vius
uke rFkk xks=k dk mPpkj.k djsaA czkã.k vius uke ds i'pkr~ 'kekZ] {kf=k; oekZ] oS'; xqIr
· tks yksx iÜÓk{kj eU=k dh foLrkj ls lk/uk djuk pkgrs gksa muds fy;s blds i'pkr~ ^rnÄ~xRosu
Hkwr'kqf¼çk.kçfr"Bk¿UrekZf=kdkcfgekZrd ` kJhd.BkfndykU;klak'p dfj";s* okD; tksMu+ s ij ladYi iwjk
gks tkrk gSA Hkwr'kqf¼] çk.kçfr"Bk rFkk bu lHkh çdkj ds U;klksa dh fof/ blh iqLrd esa vU;=k nh x;h gSA
220
 iÛÓk{kjeU=k dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.k
,oa 'kwnz nkl 'kCn dk ç;ksx djsaA rnuUrj ftl dkeuk dh flf¼ ds fy;s ti fd;k tk jgk
gS mldk mYys[k djsaA iqj'pj.k dh la[;k iwjh djus ds fy;s dbZ fnu ti djuk gksrk gSA
çfrfnu ftruk ti djuk gS mldh la[;k dk Hkh mYys[k ladYi ds vfUre fcUnq ij djsaA
gkFk esa vFkok vkpeuh eas ty] v{kr rFkk iq"i ysdj Åijokyk ladYi cksydj ty
dks i`Foh ij NksM+ nsaA blds ckn eU=k ds U;klksa dks djsaA
U;kl ls iwoZ ck¡;h rjQ xq# rFkk nkfguh rjQ x.ks'kth dks Øe'k% ^¬ xq#H;ks ue%*
rFkk ^¬ x.ks'kk; ue%* eU=k cksydj ueLdkj djsaA
fofu;ksx&¬ vL; Jhf'koiÛÓk{kjeU=kL; okenso ½f"k%A iafDr% NUn%A lnkf'koks
nsorkA ¬ chte~1A ue% 'kfDr%2A f'kok;sfr dhyde~3A prqfoZ/iq#"kkFkZfl¼~;Fks4Z U;kls
fofu;ksx%A
½f"k vkfn dk U;kl &
^¬ okenso½"k;s ue% f'kjfl* eU=k cksydj flj esa U;kl djsaA vFkkZr~ rRoeqæk (ik¡pksa
vaxqfy;ksa dks feykuk) ls nkfgus gkFk dh vaxqfy;ksa ls flj dk Li'kZ djsaA
^¬ iafDrPNUnls ue% eq[ks* eU=k cksydj eq[k esa U;kl djsaA
^¬ Jhlnkf'konsork;S ue% g`n;s* eU=k cksydj g`n; esa U;kl djsaA
^¬ chtk; ue% xqg~;s* eU=k cksydj xqg~; LFkku esa U;kl djsaA
^¬ ue% 'kDr;s ue% ikn;ks%* eU=k cksydj iSjksa esa U;kl djsaA
^¬ f'kok; dhydk; ue% lok±xs* eU=k cksydj lok±x esa U;kl djsaA lok±x esa U;kl
dsoy HkkoukRed gksrk gSA
djU;kl&
¬ ¬ vaxq"BkH;ka ue%A ¬ ua rtZuhH;ka ue%A ¬ ea eè;ekH;ka ue%A ¬ f'ka
vukfedkH;ka ue%A ¬ oka dfuf"BdkH;ka ue%A ¬ ;a djrydji`"BkH;ka ue%A
mi;qZDr eU=kksa dks cksyrs gq, rtZuh dks vxw¡Bs ls rFkk vx¡wBs ls Øe'k% rtZuh vkfn lHkh
v¡xqfy;ksa dk Li'kZ djsaA vfUre eU=k i<+rs gq, nksuksa gFksfy;ksa dks lkeus ls rFkk ihNs ls feyk;saA
1] 2] 3&f'koiqjk.k(ok;oh;lafgrk mÙkj[k.M vè;k; 13) ds vuqlkj fofu;ksx okD; esa ^ea chte~* ^;a 'kfDr%*
^oka dhyda* dgk x;k gSA ijUrq eU=kegksnf/(i`- 609) rFkk eU=kegk.kZo vkfn xzUFkksa esa mi;qDZ r fofu;ksx gh
fn;k x;k gSA ikBd viuh #fp ds vuqlkj nksuksa esa ls fdlh dk Hkh ç;ksx dj ldrs gSa ijUrq mUgha ds vuqlkj
½f"k vkfn dk U;kl Hkh djsAa
4&ftl ç;kstu ds fy;s vuq"Bku fd;k tk jgk gks ,oa ftldk ladYi esa mYys[k gks pqdk gks ;gk¡ mldk
mPpkj.k djuk pkfg;sA
221
 bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
g`n;kfnU;kl&
¬ ¬ g`n;k; ue%A ¬ ua f'kjls LokgkA ¬ ea f'k[kk;S o"kV~A ¬ f'ka dopk; gqe~A
¬ oka us=k=k;k; okS"kV~A ¬ ;a vL=kk; QV~A
mi;qZDr eU=kksa dks i<+rs gq, nkfgus gkFk dh rÙo eqæk ls Øe'k% g`n; (Nkrh)] f'kj rFkk
f'k[kkLFkku(pksVh dh txg) Li'kZ djsaA ik¡poka eU=k i<+dj rÙoeqæk· ls ukd ds Bhd Åij
nksuksa HkkSgksa ds chp dh txg dk Li'kZ djsaA tcfd pkSFks eU=k dks i<+rs gq, nkfgus gkFk ls
ck¡;sa dU/s dk rFkk ck¡;sa ls nkfgus dU/s dk Li'kZ djsaA vfUre eU=k dks i<+rs gq, nkfgus gkFk
dks ck¡;h rjQ ls flj ds Åij ls nkfguh rjQ ?kqekrs gq, eè;ek ,oa rtZuh&bu nks v¡xqfy;ksa
dh enn ls ck;sa gkFk dh gFksyh ij rkyh ctk;saA
iÛÓewfrZU;kl&
¬ ua rRiq#"kk; ue% bfr rtZU;ke~A ¬ ea v?kksjk; ue% eè;ek;ke~A ¬ f'ka
l|kstkrk; ue% dfuf"Bdk;ke~A ¬ oka okensok; ue% vukfedk;ke~A ¬ ;a bZ'kkuk;
ue% bR;Ä~x"q BsA ¬ ua rRiq#"kk; ue% eq[ksA ¬ ea v?kksjk; ue% g`n;sA ¬ f'ka l|kstkrk;
ue% ikn;ks%A ¬ oka okensok; ue% xqg~;sA ¬ ;a bZ'kkuk; ue% ewfèZuA
djU;kl ,ao g`n;U;kl dh mi;qZDr jhfr ls gh rr~&rr~ vaxksa dk U;kl djsaA
oD=kU;kl&
¬ ua rRiq#"kk; ue% iwoZoD=ksA ¬ ea v?kksjk; ue% nf{k.koD=ksA ¬ f'ka l|kstkrk;
ue% if'peoD=ksA ¬ oka okensok; ue% mÙkjoD=ksA ¬ ;a bZ'kkuk; ue% bR;wèoZoD=ksA
mi;qZDr U;kl lnkf'ko nsork ds Øe'k% ik¡pksa eq[kksa dh Hkkouk }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
xksydU;kl&10 çdkj ds xksydU;kl fuEu çdkj ls crk;s x;s gSaA
¬¬ ue% g`n;sA ¬ua ue% oD=ksA ¬ ea ue% n{kkals ¬f'ka ue% okekalsA ¬ oka ue%
nf{k.kksjkSA ¬ ;a ue% okeksjkSA bfr çFke U;kl%A
¬¬ ue% d.BsA ¬ua ue% ukHkkSA ¬ ea ue% nf{k.kik'osZA ¬f'ka ue% okeik'osZA
¬ oka ue% i`"BsA ¬ ;a ue% g`n;sA bfr f}rh;ks U;kl%A
¬¬ ue% ewfèZuA ¬ ua ue% eq[ksA ¬ ea ue% nf{k.k us=ksA ¬ f'ka ue% okeus=ksA
¬oka ue% nf{k.kuklkiqVsA ¬ ;a ue% okeuklkiqVsA bfr r`rh;ks U;kl%A
¬ua ue% gLrkÄ~xqY;xzs"kqA ¬ ea ue% gLrkÄ~xqyhewys"kqA ¬ f'ka ue% ef.kcU/;ks%A
¬ oka ue% dwiZj;ks%A ¬ ;a ue% ckgqewy;ks%A bfr prqFkksZ U;kl%
· ik¡pksa vaxqfy;ksa dks ,d lkFk bdVBk djukA
222
 iÛÓk{kjeU=k dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.k
¬ ua ue% iknkÄ~xqY;xzs"kqA ¬ ea ue% iknkÄ~xqyhewys"kqA ¬ f'ka ue% xqYQ;ks%A ¬
oka ue% tkuquks%A ¬ ;a ue% tÄ~?k;ks%A bfr iÛÓeksU;kl%A
¬¬ ue% f'kjflA ¬ ua ue% xqg~;sA ¬ ea ue% g`n;sA ¬ f'ka ue% dqf{k};sA ¬
oka ue% Å#};sA ¬ ;a ue% ikn};sA bfr"k"Bks U;kl%A
¬¬ ue% g`n;sA ¬ ua ueks oD=kkEcqtsA ¬ ea ue% VÄ~dsA ¬ f'ka ue% e`xsA ¬
oka ue% vHk;sA ¬ ;a ue% ojsA bfr lIreU;kl%A
¬¬ ue% oD=ksA ¬ ua ue% val;ks%A ¬ ea ue% g`n;sA ¬ f'ka ue% ikn};sA ¬
oka ue% m#};sA ¬ ;a ue% tBjsA bfr v"VeU;kl%A
¬ ua rRiq#"kk; ue% ew£èuA ¬ ea v?kksjk; ue% HkkysA ¬ f'ka l|kstkrk; ue%
mnjsA ¬ oka okensok; ue% val;ks%A ¬ ;a bZ'kkuk; ue% g`n;sA bfr uoeU;kl%A
¬ ueksLrq LFkk.kqHkwrk; T;ksfrfyZÄ~xke`rkReusA
prqefZw rZoiq%LFkk;kHkkf"krkÄ~xk; 'kEHkosAA
bfr O;kida U;lsr~A
mi;qZDr U;klksa dks djus ds ckn b"V nsork Hkxoku~ f'ko dk è;ku1 dj vkokgu vkfn
"kksM'k mipkjksa2 (vFkok iapksipkjksa vFkok ekulksipkjksa) }kjk iwtk djasA rnuUrj f'ko vFkok
nsoh ds eU=kksa ds ti ds fy;s laLdkfjr3 #æk{k dh 108 eudksaokyh ekyk dks ysdj 'kq¼ ty
ls iÛÓk{kj eU=k dks i<+rs gq, çks{k.k djsA vFkkZr~ eU=k i<+rs gq, 'kq¼ ty dks ekyk ij fNM+ds
rFkk ekyk dh fuEufyf[kr eU=k ls çkFkZuk djsA
¬ eka ekys egkek;s loZ'kfDrLo:fif.kA
prqoZxZLRof; U;LrLrLekUes flf¼nk HkoAA
çkFkZuk ds ckn ^ßha fl¼;S ue%* eU=k ls ekyk dh xa/&iq"ikfn iapksipkj ls iwtk dj
ekyk dks nkfgus gkFk esa ysdj mldh fuEu eU=k ls çkFkZuk djsA
1&è;ku ds fy;s çpfyr eU=k bl çdkj gS&
?;k;sfUuR;a egs'ka jtrfxfjfuHka pk#pUækorala
jRukdYiksTToykÄ~xa ij'kqe`xojkHkhfrgLra çlUue~A
iÁklhua leUrkRLrqreejx.kSO;kZ?kzѯÙk olkua
fo'ok|a fo'ooU|a fuf[kyHk;gja iÛÓoD=ka f=kus=ke~A
2- ^"kksM'kksipkjiwtk* dh fof/ blh iqLrd esa vU;=k fy[kh x;h gSA
3- ekyklaLdkj dh fof/ blh iqLrd esa vU;=k nh x;h gSA
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 bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
¬ ^xa* vfo?ua dq# ekys Roa x`g~.kkfe nf{k.k djsA
tidkys rq lrra çlhn ee fl¼;sAA
bl çdkj çkFkZuk dj ekyk dks nkfgus gkFk esa ysdj oL=k ls <d ysa vFkok xkseq[kh ds
vUnj j[k ysaA rnuUrj ti ls igys nsoh dk bl çdkj è;ku dj ysa&
egkljLofr fpÙks egkyf{e lnkfRedsA
egkdkY;kuUn:is RoÙkÙoKkufl¼;sAA
vuqlanèegs pf.M o;a Roka g`n;kEcqtsA
vc ladYi ds vuqlkj b"V eU=k(iÛÓk{kj) dh fu/kZfjr la[;k iwjk gksusrd ekyk dks
g`n; ds lkeus j[krs gq, fof/&iwoZd ti djrk jgsA ti ds vUr esa ekyk dks eLrd ls yxkdj
ueLdkj djrs gq, ekyk dh fuEufyf[kr eU=k ls çkFkZuk djsaA
¬ Roa ekys loZnsokuka çhfrnk 'kqHknk HkoA
f'koa dq#"o es Hkæs ;'kks oh;± p loZnkAA
mi;qZDr çkFkZuk dj ^ßha fl¼;S ue%* eU=k dks i<+rs gq, ekyk dks iqu% flj ls yxkdj
ifo=k ,oa xqIr LFkku ij j[k nsa_ vkSj vkpeu djds ½f"k vkfn dh ekul iwtk djds vFkok
mudk Lej.k djds ti ds Qy dks Hkxoku~ f'ko ds nkfgus gkFk esa lefiZr djsaA vFkkZr~ eU=k
ds ½f"k] NUn] nsork] vkfn dk Lej.k djrs gq, Hkxoku~ f'ko dk è;ku djrs gq, muds nkfgus
gkFk esa ti ds Qy dks lefiZr djus dh Hkkouk djsA Hkkouk bl çdkj djs&iapk{kjh fo|k
dh mikluk geus JhlkEclnkf'ko dh çhfr ds fy;s fd;k gS vr% bldk tks dqN Hkh Qy gS
mls ge Hkxoku~ ds nkfgus gkFk esa lefiZr djrs gSaA ,slh Hkkouk djrs gq, leiZ.k ds fufeÙk
f'koth ds nkfgus gkFk esa ty dh /kjk nsaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa ty/kjk nsrs&nsrs bl rjg dh Hkkouk
djrk tk; fd geus tks iÛÓk{kjhfo|k dk ti fd;k gS mldk Qy f'ko dh larqf"V gS vr%
og Qy] ftldk çfrfuf/ ;gk¡ ij ty gS] Hkxoku~ f'ko ds nkfgus gkFk esa viZ.k gksA
iqj'pj.k ds fufeÙk bl iÛÓk{kj dk 24 yk[k ti djuk iM+rk gSA ti dh la[;k iwjh
gks tkus ij 2-4 yk[k vkgqfr }kjk gou djuk pkfg;sA vFkkZr~ n'kka'k gou djuk iM+rk gSA
[khj esa ?kh ,oa e/q feykdj vkgqfr nsuh pkfg;sA gou dk n'kka'k nw/ feys ty ls riZ.k djuk
pkfg;s rFkk riZ.k dk n'kka'k ektZu djuk pkfg;s vkSj ektZu dk n'kka'k czkã.kHkkstu djkuk
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 iÛÓk{kjeU=k dk ti ,oa iqj'pj.k
pkfg;sA
gkse dh çpfyr oSfnd vFkok rkfU=kd fof/ dk vuqlj.k djuk pkfg;sA dgha&dgha ij
ty ls gh riZ.k djus dk mYys[k feyrk gSA riZ.k ,oa ektZu vFkok vfHk"ksd ds fy;s igys
nsork(Hkxoku~ f'ko) dk vkokgu djuk pkfg;sA fQj tI;eU=k dks cksydj nsork ds uke ds
f}rh;k foHkfDr ds vkxs ^riZ;kfe ue%* cksydj riZ.k rFkk ^flÛÓkfe* cksydj ektZu djuk
pkfg;sA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ^¬ ue% f'kok; egknsoa riZ;kfe ue%* cksydj riZ.k rFkk ^¬
ue% f'kok; egknsoa vfHkf"kÛÓkfe* cksydj ektZu djsaA
,oa gkse lekI;kFk riZ;sn~nsorka tyS%A
vkoká rn~n'kka'ksu riZ.kknfHk"kspue~AA
riZ;kfe ue'psfr f}rh;kUrs"ViwoZde~A
ewykUrs rq ins ns;a flÛÓkehR;fHk"kspue~AA (vkpkjsUnq% i`- 137)
iÜÓk{kj&eU=k ds 60 djksM+ ti dk iqj'pj.k mÙke] 33 djksM+ dk eè;e vkSj 6 djksM+
dk lkekU; dgykrk gSA lHkh çdkj ds iqj'pj.kksa esa ftruk ti fd;k tkrk gS mldk n'kka'k
ti ds lkFk vkgqfr nh tkrh gSA vkgqfr dk n'kka'k riZ.k] riZ.k dk n'kka'k ektZu vkSj ektZu
dh n'kka'k la[;k ds czkã.kksa dks Hkkstu djkuk iM+rk gSA ij tks cgqr gh vleFkZ gSa vFkok
x`gLFk ugha gSa] mudks bu lc gou] riZ.k vkfn ds LFkku ij fu;r ek=kk esa ti gh dj ysuk
pkfg;sA ti dh fu;r ek=kk dk mYys[k vU; ys[k esa vk pqdk gSA
mi;qZDr jhfr ls eU=kti djusokyk vxj nh?kkZ;q dh dkeuk j[krk gks rks mls xaxkfn
ifo=k ufn;ksa ds fdukjs iÜÓk{kj eU=k dk ,d yk[k ti djuk pkfg;sA rFkk nwokZ ds vadqj]
fry vkSj xqMwph(fxyks;) dk nl gtkj gou djuk pkfg;sA vie`R;q fuokj.k ds fy;s 'kfuokj
dks v'oRFk&o`{k dk Li'kZ djs vkSj ti djsA O;kf/ nwj djus ds fy;s ,dkxzfpr gks ,d yk[k
ti djs vkSj fuR; vkd dh lfe/k ls 108 gou djsA mnj&jksx ds 'kkUR;FkZ ik¡p yk[k eU=k
dk ti djds nl gtkj gou djs rFkk fuR; lw;Z ds lEeq[k ifo=k ty dks 108 ckj vfHkefU=kr
djds iku djsA eks{kdkeh fu"dkeHkko ls fujUrj çseiwoZd ti djsA
vUr esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd bl eU=k dk fdlh dkj.ko'k mi;qDZ r jhfr ds ikyuiwod Z
ti u Hkh gks lds rks Hkh bl eU=k dk Qy gksrk gSA ewy ckr gS fu"BkiwoZd tiA bl eU=k
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 bZ'kku% loZnsokuke~
ds vf/dkjh lHkh yksx gSa_ lHkh ekuotkfr bl eU=k dh vf/dkfj.kh gSA blhfy;s Ldaniqjk.k
esa dgk x;k gS fd&
L=khfHk% 'kwæS'p ladh.kSZ/kZ;Zrs eqfDrdkaf{kfHk%AA
ukL; nh{kk u gkse'p u laLdkjks u riZ.ke~A
u dkyks uksins'k'p lnk 'kqfpj;a euq%AA
(LdUniqjk.k czkã[k.M] czkãksÙkj[k.M 1@20&21)
vFkkZr~ bl eU=k ds vf/dkjh lHkh gSaA eks{k dh bPNk j[kusokys L=kh] 'kwæ] vUR;t] o.kZladj
rFkk ;ou Hkh bl eU=k dks /kj.k dj ldrs gSaA bl eU=k ds fy;s nh{kk] gkse] laLdkj] riZ.k]
le;&'kqf¼ rFkk xq#eq[k ls mins'k vkfn dh vfuok;Zrk ugha gSA ;g eU=k lnk ifo=k jgrk
gSA
iqu% bl eU=k dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd f'ko&iwtu esa ;fn vkokgu] vkpeu] Luku]
HkLeleiZ.k vkfn fdlh mipkj ls lacaf/r eU=k u vkrs gksa rks ;s lkjh fØ;k,¡ blds }kjk dh
tk ldrh gaSA
(mi;qZDr ys[k eq[;r% ^vuq"Bkuçdk'k%* tks prqFkhZyky 'kekZ }kjk fyf[kr ,oa osadVs'oj çsl] cEcbZ
}kjk laor~ 2008 esa çdkf'kr gS] rFkk ^vkpkjsUnq% tks 1909 esa vkuankJe ls çdkf'kr gS] ij
vk/kfjr gSA)
❁❁❁❁❁❁

Luku dk egÙo
czãkth ukjn ls dgrs gSa fd fcuk Luku ds tks iq.;e; 'kqHkdeZ fd;k tkrk gS]
og fu"Qy gksrk gS] mls jk{kl xzg.k dj ysrs gSaA Luku ls euq"; lR; dks ikrk gSA Luku
lukru /eZ gS] /eZ ls eks{k:i Qy ikdj euq"; fQj nq%[kh ugha gksrkA
Lukusu lR;ekIuksfr Lukua /eZ% lukru%A
/ekZUeks{kQya çkI; iquuSZokolhnfrAA
(laf{kIr LdUniq- xhrkçsl] czkã[k- pkrqekZL;&ekgkRE; 1@25 i`- 488 ls mn~/`r)

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