PM & SE Management

Railway
Project Management
&
Systems Engineering
Bill Whitmore
Project Technical Director, Fluor Mideast
Email: wswhitmore@yahoo.com

Slide No: 1
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Overview Objectives

Typical Project

• Projects & Project Management Project Management

• A typical project Project Attributes

• What is PM? Recap

Systems Engineering
• Project attributes
Definitions

• Systems Engineering Requirements

• What is a system? Assurance

Critical Considerations
• What is systems engineering?
Recap
• Requirements
• Assurance
• Transverse Engineering
• Critical considerations
Slide No: 2
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives Objectives

Typical Project

• To understand the philosophy of Project Management

railway project management and Project Attributes

Recap
systems engineering. Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements
• To be able to discuss project attributes Assurance

and the criticality of: Stakeholders, Critical Considerations

Requirements Management, V&V, Recap

EN 50126 & ISO 15288, Performance

Specifications & the project Glossary
of Terms
Slide No: 3
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

A Systems Engineering

Definitions

Typical Project… Requirements

Assurance

Transverse engineering

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 4
 PM & SE Management

What the Client

wanted

Slide No: 5
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the

wanted salesman saw

Slide No: 6
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was

wanted salesman saw designed

Slide No: 7
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was How the project
wanted salesman saw designed was documented

Slide No: 8
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was How the project
wanted salesman saw designed was documented

When it was
delivered

Slide No: 9
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was How the project
wanted salesman saw designed was documented

When it was What the Client

delivered was billed

Slide No: 10
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was How the project
wanted salesman saw designed was documented

When it was What the Client The competitor’s

delivered was billed bid

Slide No: 11
 PM & SE Management

What the Client What the What was How the project
wanted salesman saw designed was documented

When it was What the Client The competitor’s What the Client
delivered was billed bid really needed

Slide No: 12
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering

What is Definitions

Requirements

Project Management? Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 13
 PM & SE Management

Art? Science? BS? Magic?

Slide No: 14
 PM & SE Management

Art? Science? BS? Magic?

Slide No: 15
 PM & SE Management

Art? Science? BS? Magic?

Slide No: 16
 PM & SE Management

Art? Science? BS? Magic?

Slide No: 17
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Project Attributes Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• Human endeavour Project Attributes

Recap

• Unique scope of works Systems Engineering

Definitions
• Constrained by Requirements

• Time Assurance

Critical Considerations

• Cost Recap

• Quality*

Slide No: 18
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Project Attributes Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• Human endeavour Project Attributes

Recap

• Unique scope of works Systems Engineering

Definitions
• Constrained by Requirements

– Time Assurance

Critical Consideration
• Cost Recap

• Quality*

Slide No: 19
 PM & SE Management

Project Attributes

• Human endeavour
• Unique scope of works
• Constrained by
• Time
• Cost
• Quality*

Slide No: 20
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Project Attributes Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• Human endeavour Project Attributes

Recap

• Unique scope of works Systems Engineering

Definitions
• Constrained by Requirements

• Time Assurance

Critical Consideration

• Cost Recap

• Quality*

Slide No: 21
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Project Success Criteria Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
The scope of works delivered with the Recap

pre-defined constraints of: Systems Engineering

• Time Definitions

Requirements

• Cost Assurance

• Quality*
Critical Consideration

Recap

Slide No: 22
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Reasons for Project Failure Objectives

Typical Project

• Incomplete requirements – 13.1% Project Management

• Didn’t involve the users – 12.4% Project Attributes

Recap

• Insufficient resources/schedule – 10.6% Systems Engineering

Definitions
• Unrealistic expectations – 9.9% Requirements

• Lack of managerial support – 9.3% Assurance

Critical Considerations

• Changing requirements – 8.7% Recap

• Poor planning – 8.1%

• Didn’t need it any longer – 7.4%

Slide No: 23
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Reasons for Project Failure Objectives

Typical Project

• Poor Project Management

– Ignorant client Project Attributes

Recap
– Employer’s Requirements Systems Engineering

– Performance Specifications Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

• Read: Incompetent consultants Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 24
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Reasons for Project Failure Objectives

Typical Project

• Poor Project Management

– Requirements management Project Attributes

Recap
– Interface management Systems Engineering

– Change control Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

• Read: Incompetent PMs Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 25
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Recap Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 26
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 27
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is a System? Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

• A system is… Recap

Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 28
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is a System? Objectives

Typical Project
• A system is a construct or collection of different Project Management
elements that together produce results not Project Attributes
obtainable by the elements alone. The elements, or Recap
parts, can include people, hardware, software, Systems Engineering
facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things Definitions
required to produce system S-level results. The Requirements
results include system level qualities, properties, Assurance
characteristics, functions, behavior and Critical Considerations
performance. The value added by the system as a Recap
whole, beyond that contributed independently by the
parts, is primarily created by the relationship among
the parts; that is, how they are interconnected’

Slide No: 29
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is a System? Objectives

Typical Project
• A system is a collection of: Project Management

– people, Project Attributes

– hardware,
Recap

Systems Engineering

– software, Definitions

– facilities, Requirements

Assurance
– policies, Critical Considerations

– documents; Recap

that does something that none of the parts can on their

own’

Slide No: 30
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is SE? Objectives

Typical Project

• Systems engineering is… Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 31
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is SE? Objectives

Typical Project

• Systems engineering is a branch of Project Management

engineering concerned with the Project Attributes

Recap
development of large and complex Systems Engineering

systems Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

• An interdisciplinary process to help Critical Considerations

ensure that a project is successful in Recap

terms of performance requirements,

management, timescales, budget,
maintenance, etc.
Slide No: 32
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What is SE? Objectives

Typical Project

• …nothing more than the putting Project Management

together of various bits and pieces Project Attributes

Recap
into a functional unit that meets the Systems Engineering

user requirement definitions Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 33
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Typical System Attributes Objectives

Typical Project

• Simple mission or function Project Management

• Complex Project Attributes

Recap

• Collection of interacting smaller Systems Engineering

systems (subsystems) Definitions

Requirements

• Interact with other systems Assurance

• Requires multiple disciplines to

Critical Considerations

Recap

design and build

• Several viewpoints

Slide No: 34
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Requirements Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 35
 PM & SE Management

Requirements

RAILWAY
RAILWAY RAILWAY

RAILWAY RAILWAY

Slide No: 36
 PM & SE Management
Overview

What are Requirements for? Objectives

Typical Project

• Show what results stakeholders want* Project Management

• Give stakeholder a chance to say what Project Attributes

Recap

they want Systems Engineering

• Represent different viewpoints Definitions

Requirements

• Check the design Assurance

• Measure progress
Critical Considerations

Recap

• Aid with product acceptance

Slide No: 37
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

• Projects fail or succeed on the quality Project Management

of the requirements Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering

• Must be measurable and achievable Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

• One line item per requirement…

Critical Considerations

Recap

• Simple, succinct, unambiguous English

Slide No: 38
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

• Easy to create and change early in a Project Management

project Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering

• Difficult to change once a system is Definitions

Requirements
operational Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

• Should therefore be fixed before

committing to a design

Slide No: 39
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Types of Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

• Stakeholder, System Level or ‘Client’ Project Management

• User Project Attributes

Recap

• Design Systems Engineering

Definitions
• O&M Requirements

• Reliability Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

• Mandatory
• Preferential

Slide No: 40
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Stakeholder Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Identify stakeholders* Project Management

– Passengers, train drivers, signallers, Project Attributes

Recap
infrastructure operators, maintainers,
Systems Engineering
TOCs, RSSB, ORR…. Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Gather requirements* Critical Considerations

– Interviews, workshop, experience as a Recap

user, observing users, other systems,

customer suggestions, problems, user
mods.
Slide No: 41
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Stakeholder Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Organise requirements* Project Management

– Hierarchical levels of detail, eg: Project Attributes

Recap
• Level 1 – Client, National Legislation
Systems Engineering
• Level 2 – System Definitions

• Level 3 – Subsystem (PD/Detail Design) Requirements

• Level 4 – Test Procedures Assurance

• Level 5 – Test Results Critical Considerations

Recap

Check, Review & Baseline requirements

Slide No: 42
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Stakeholder Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
What are typical stakeholder requirements Recap

and why should we worry? Systems Engineering

1. Definitions

Requirements
2. Assurance

3. Critical Considerations

Recap
4.
5.
6.

Slide No: 43
 PM & SE Management

Requirement Trade-offs
Capacity Journey Time

Safety System RAM

Performance

Lifecycle Cost
Comfort
Slide No: 44
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Lifecycle Cost Management Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• Analyse overall system requirement Project Attributes

Recap

Systems Engineering

• Analyse performance of individual Definitions

subsystems Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

• Analyse links between performance of Recap

subsystems

Slide No: 45
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Lifecycle Cost Management Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• Tune subsystem performance to Project Attributes

achieve overall objectives Recap

Systems Engineering

Definitions

• Ensure maintenance and control Requirements

Assurance
systems do not affect performance Critical Considerations

Recap

• Ensure lowest energy use

Slide No: 46
 PM & SE Management

Lifecycle Cost Management

Slide No: 47
 PM & SE Management

‘V’ Model

Slide No: 48
 PM & SE Management

‘V’ Model Applied

OPERATOR
CLIENT
Requirements
Employer Aspirations / High
Level Specifications *Validation Revenue Service CERTIFICATE(S)
[Issued by ICP or empowered
Government Agency]

USER/SYSTEM SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE

RFP Validation PHASE 8 Trial Running [‘The Railway as a system’ proven by
Requirements Client O&M entity]

*Validation Handover

A *
SYSTEM Functional & Operational Dynamic Integration Tests V

System Verification
P Validation PHASE 7 Test Running
P Specifications Specifications [Site Acceptance Tests] E
O R
R I
The Engineer

T SYSTEM Design & Performance PHASE 6 Dynamic Integration F

Apportionment
Validation PHASE 5 Static Integration
Static Integration Tests
I Design I
O C
PHASE 4 A
N Subsystem
Performance &
Technical Specs *Validation Standalone Tests
SubSystem Specification
T
Contractors

M Requirements
E I
N O
T DESIGN N

SubSystem Verification
DESIGN PHASE 3 Post Installation PHASE 1 Civils: Infrastructure Facilities Inspections
SUBSYSTEM DESIGN
DESIGN PHASE 2 IRNs
*
Definition PHASE 1 Systems: FAT-C, FAT-SS
PHASE 1 Production Tests
PB #7
PB

PB # 6
PB #5

PB X

PB # 6
PB 7
S#

5
S#
#

S#
S

S
S

S
S
X
PB S #

PB

PB #4
PB #3
PB # 2
1
S#
PB S #2
S# 3

S
S
S
PB
PB S #

4
PB
1

Product Breakdown Structure for

Subsystem Definition. Manufacturing &
Installation

Whitmore
* All validation & verification is by directional

Slide No: 49
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Presentation of Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
ER Employer’s Requirements Part 1
Part 1
. Recap

Systems Engineering

Employer’s Requirements Part 2 Definitions

. Requirements
ER
Part 2 .
Assurance
.,
Critical Considerations

Recap
Employer’s Requirements Part 3
ER
Part 3
.
.

Slide No: 50
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Presentation of Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
ER Employer’s Requirements Part 1
Part 1
Big picture stuff, applicable to all Recap

Systems Engineering

Employer’s Requirements Part 2 Definitions

. Requirements
ER
Part 2 .
Assurance
.
Critical Considerations

Recap
Employer’s Requirements Part 3
ER
Part 3
.
.

Slide No: 51
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Presentation of Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
ER Employer’s Requirements Part 1
Part 1
Big picture stuff, applicable to all Recap

Systems Engineering

Employer’s Requirements Part 2 Definitions

3 Sections: Specific Scope for: Requirements

ER
Part 2 (1) Civils, (2) Rail Systems,
(3) Rolling Stock Assurance
11 Appendices - Transverse Plans Critical Considerations

Recap

ER Employer’s Requirements Part 3

Part 3 .
.

Slide No: 52
 PM & SE Management

Presentation of Requirements
300 Employer’s Requirements 315 Employer’s Requirements
Part 1 Part 2 Appendices (Master Plans)
301 ER Part 1 316 App 01 - Earthing & Bonding Plan
317 App 02 - EMC Plan
310 Employer’s Requirements 318 App 03 - Environmental Plan
Part 2
319 App 04 - Interface Management Plan
311 ER Part 2 – Civils
320 App 05 - Interface Control Template
312 ER Part 2 – Rail Systems
321 App 06 - Noise & Vibration Plan
313 ER Part 2 – Rolling Stock
322 App 07 - POMP
323 App 08 - Project Glossary of Terms
324 App 09 - Requirements Management
325 App 10 - Site Safety Plan
326 App 11 - Assurance Management
327 App 12 - Testing & Commissioning

Slide No: 53
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Presentation of Requirements Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes
ER Employer’s Requirements Part 1
Part 1
Big picture stuff, applicable to all Recap

Systems Engineering

Employer’s Requirements Part 2 Definitions

3 Sections: Specific Scope for: Requirements

ER
Part 2 (1) Civil, (2) Rail Systems, (3) Rolling Stock
11 Appendices – Transverse Subjects, Plans,
Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap
Employer’s Requirements Part 3
ER 12 Performance Specs (Rail Systems)
Part 3
8 Technical Specs (Non Rail Systems)

Slide No: 54
 PM & SE Management

Presentation of Requirements
330 Employer’s Requirements – Pt 3 Employer’s Requirements – Pt 3 (Cont)
331 PS01 AFC 343 TS01 Architecture
332 PS02 AVLS 344 TS02 Civil Structures
333 PS03 Communications 345 TS03 Depot Design & Buildings
334 PS04 Depot Workshop Equipment 346 TS04 Earthworks
335 PS05 Operational Signage 347 TS05 Non Operational Signage
336 PS06 Operations Control Centre 348 TS06 Lifts and Escalators
337 PS07 Road Traffic System 349 TS07 MEP
338 PS08 Rolling Stock 350 TS08 Track
339 PS09 SCADA
340 PS10 Signalling
341 PS11 Traction Power
342 PS12 UPS

Slide No: 55
 PM & SE Management

‘V’ Model Applied

OPERATOR
CLIENT
Requirements
Employer Aspirations / High
Level Specifications *Validation Revenue Service CERTIFICATE(S)
[Issued by ICP or empowered
Government Agency]

USER/SYSTEM SYSTEM ACCEPTANCE

RFP Validation PHASE 8 Trial Running [‘The Railway as a system’ proven by
Requirements Client O&M entity]

*Validation Handover

A *
SYSTEM Functional & Operational Dynamic Integration Tests V

System Verification
P Validation PHASE 7 Test Running
P Specifications Specifications [Site Acceptance Tests] E
O R
R I
The Engineer

T SYSTEM Design & Performance PHASE 6 Dynamic Integration F

Apportionment
Validation PHASE 5 Static Integration
Static Integration Tests
I Design I
O C
PHASE 4 A
N Subsystem
Performance &
Technical Specs *Validation Standalone Tests
SubSystem Specification
T
Contractors

M Requirements
E I
N O
T DESIGN N

SubSystem Verification
DESIGN PHASE 3 Post Installation PHASE 1 Civils: Infrastructure Facilities Inspections
SUBSYSTEM DESIGN
DESIGN PHASE 2 IRNs
*
Definition PHASE 1 Systems: FAT-C, FAT-SS
PHASE 1 Production Tests
PB #7
PB

PB # 6
PB #5

PB X

PB # 6
PB 7
S#

5
S#
#

S#
S

S
S

S
S
X
PB S #

PB

PB #4
PB #3
PB # 2
1
S#
PB S #2
S# 3

S
S
S
PB
PB S #

4
PB
1

Product Breakdown Structure for

Subsystem Definition. Manufacturing &
Installation

Whitmore
* All validation & verification is by directional

Slide No: 56
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Systems Assurance Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

• The objective is to deliver an effective, Project Attributes

Recap

efficient, safe operational railway. Systems Engineering

– People (competent) Definitions

Requirements
– Product (proven, tested) Assurance

– Process (repeatable, safe) Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 57
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Critical Considerations Objectives

Typical Project

• Glossary of Terms Project Management

• Interface Management Project Attributes

Recap

– Who best knows subsystem interfaces? Systems Engineering

• Transverse Specifications Definitions

Requirements

– RAMS Assurance

– N&V Critical Considerations

Recap
– EMC
– Earthing & bonding

Slide No: 58
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Recap Objectives

Typical Project

• Discuss the philosophy of railway Project Management

project management and systems Project Attributes

Recap
engineering. Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements
• Discuss project attributes and the Assurance

criticality of: Stakeholders, Critical Considerations

Requirements Management, V&V, Recap

EN 50126 & ISO 15288, Performance

Specifications & the project Glossary
of Terms
Slide No: 59
 PM & SE Management
Overview

Objectives

Typical Project

Project Management

Project Attributes

Recap

Questions Systems Engineering

Definitions

Requirements

Assurance

Critical Considerations

Recap

Slide No: 60