L/O/G/O TEKNIK KONVERSI & KONSERVASI ENERGI

TF 091324 / 4 SKS / Smt. 6

Dosen :
Syamsul Arifin
syamsul@ep.its.ac.id

K4 Fossil FUEL
http://share.its.ac.id
Teknik Konversi Energi
Fossil Fuel :
 Coal (Batubara)
 Oil (Minyak)
 Natural Gas (Gas alam)

Kuliah Ke-4

Fasilitator

Syamsul Arifin
( syamp3ai@its.ac.id )

Surabaya 2011
Fossil Fuel : Proses Pembentukan
Era Paleozoic bumi, abad Carboniferous (325 Jt Tahun lalu)

Fotosintesis

Proses
Penfossilan
Coal
Mati 325 thn Cx(H2O)y Oil
Gas
Tekanan panas di Lapisan
Bumi tampa O2
Coal
Coal : Proses Pembentukan
± 325 tahun

Tumbuhan
mati, Turf
(Tumbuh Batubara Lignite
tertimbun
an lapuk) Coklat
dilapisan
tanah
Tekanan & Temparatur Tinggi
Tampa oksigen

Batubara Batubara Batubara

Antrasitik Bitumin Subbitumin
 Coal
Consists of a complex range of materials.

Varies greatly in quality depending on:

•the types of vegetation from which it
originated.
•the depth at which the deposit was formed.
•the temperatures and pressures exerted at
that depth.
•the length of time the coal has been forming.
 Coal is classified by

Moisture content – coals high in carbon

and low in moisture are ranked the highest.

Composition – coal is predominantly

carbon but may also contain hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and varying amounts of
sulphur.
 Coal
 The world's most abundant fossil fuel.
 Global reserves exceed those of oil or
natural gas.
 There is so much available worldwide
that there is little concern about the
remaining resources.
 Ii is a dirty fuel; some types of coal have
a high sulphur content (up to 3%) which
contributes SO2 to acid rain.
Global Coal Consumption
 Country Energy production Proven recoverable Reserves to
from solid fuel reserves (million production ration
(petajoules) metric tons) (years)
China 24,045 114,500 153
USA 20,218 240,558 382
Russia 6309 NA NA
India 6141 69,947 366
Australia 4634 90,940 630
South Africa 4064 55,333, 437
Poland 3719 42,100 364
Germany 3675 67,300 588
Kazakhstan 2809 NA NA
Ukraine 2802 NA NA
South Korea 2585 600 7
UK 1922 662 11
Canada 1571 8623 176
Czech Republic 1283 NA NA
Indonesia 808 32,063 1274
Proven-in-place coal reserves
 World Coal Reserves
Energy production from solid fuel
(petajoules) - 91,748.

Proven recoverable reserves (million

metric tons) – 1.96 trillion metric tons.

Reserves to production ration (years) –

208.
1 petajoule = 170,000,000 barrels of crude oil.
Coal Reservers

Top ten known

recoverable
reserves.

Note variation
in world total
with previous
Slide.
Coal Map
What Next ?……..

Continued……