UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
MT204: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS — 2017 Tut 1/VM

1. Determine which sets are vector spaces under the given given operations. For those
that are not, list all axioms that fail to hold.
(a) The set of all triples of real numbers (x, y, z) with the operations
(x, y, z) + (x0 , y 0 , z 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 , z + z 0 ) and k(x, y, z) = (kx, ky, kz)

(b) The set of all pairs of real numbers (x, y) with the operations
(x, y) = (x0 , y 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 ) and k(x, y) = (2kx, 2ky).

(c) The set of all pairs of numbers (x, y) with the operations
(x, y) = (x0 , y 0 ) = (x + x0 + 1, y + y 0 + 1) and k(x, y) = (kx, ky).
 
a 1
(d) The set of all 2 × 2 matrices of the form with matrix addition and scalar
1 b
multiplication.
 
a 0
(e) The set of all 2 × 2 matrices of the form with matrix addition and scalar
0 b
multiplication.
2. Determine which of the following are subspaces of M2×2
(a) all 2 × 2 matrices with integer entries.
(b) all 2 × 2 matrices A such that det(A) = 0.
3. Determine which of the following are subspaces of P3 .
(a) all polynomials a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 such that a0 = 0.
(b) all polynomials a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 such that a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 0.
4. Express the following as linear combinations of u = (2, 1, 4), v = (1, −1, 3) and w =
(3, 2, 5).
(a) (0, 0, 0) (b) (−9, −7, −15) (c) (6, 11, 6)

1
 5. Express the following as linear combinations of p1 = 2 + x + 4x2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x2 and
p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x2 .
(a) 0 (b) −9 − 7x − 15x2
6. In each part determine whether the given vectors span R3
(a) v1 = (2, 2, 2), v2 = (0, 0, 3), v3 = (0, 1, 1).
(b) v1 = (2, −1, 3), v2 = (4, 1, 2) v3 = (8, −1, 8).
(c) v1 = (1, 2, 6), v2 = (3, 4, 1), v3 = (4, 3, 1), v4 = (3, 3, 1)
7. Let v1 = (2, 1, 0, 3) v2 = (3, −1, 5, 2) v3 = (−1, 0, 2, 1). Which of the following vectors
are in span{v1 , v2 , v3 }
(a) (0, 0, 0, 0) (b) (2, 3, −7, 3) (c) (1, 1, 1, 1)
8. Which of the following sets of vectors in R3 are linearly independent?
(a) (4, −1, 2), (−4, 10, 2) (b) (−3, 0, 4), (5, −1, 2), (1, 1, 3) (c) (8, −1, 3), (4, 0, 1).
9. Which of the following sets of vectors in R4 are linearly independent?
(a) (3, 8, 7, −3), (1, 5, 3, −1), (2, −1, 2, 6), (1, 4, 0, 3) (b) (0, 0, 2, 2), (3, 3, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0, −1)
10. Which of the following sets of vectors in P2 are linearly independent?
(a) 2 − x + 4x2 , 3 + 6x + 2x2 , 2 + 10x − 4x2 (b) 3 + x + x2 , 2 − x + 5x2 , 4 − 3x2
11. For which values of λ do the following vectors form a linearly dependent set in R3 ?
1 1 1 1 1 1
v1 = (λ, − , − ), v2 = (− , λ, − ), v3 = (− , − , λ)
2 2 2 2 2 2

12. Which of the following sets of vectors are bases for the indicated vector space?
(a) (2, 1), (3, 0) for R2 (b) (1, 0, 0), (2, 2, 0), (3, 3, 3) for R3
(c) 1 − 3x2x2 , 1 + x + 4x2 , 1 − 7x for P2
13. Let {v1 , v2 , v3 } be a basis for a vector space V. Show that {u1 , u2 , u3 } is also a basis,
where u1 = v1 , u2 = v1 + v2 and u3 = v1 + v2 + v3