Lagrange-Interpolation

𝑛 𝑛
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏ ) = 𝑎0 𝑥 𝑛 +𝑎1 𝑥 𝑛−1 … + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0
𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑘=0 𝑖=0
𝑖≠𝑘

Solve for all 𝑎𝑘

𝑛 𝑛
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏ ) = 𝑎0 𝑥 𝑛 +𝑎1 𝑥 𝑛−1 … + 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 0
𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑘=0 𝑖=0
𝑖≠𝑘

−1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏ ) = ∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏ 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 ) · (∏ 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑘=0 𝑖=0 𝑘=0 𝑖=0 𝑖=0
𝑖≠𝑘 𝑖≠𝑘 𝑖≠𝑘

−1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

𝑎0 = ∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏(−𝑥𝑖 )) · (∏ 𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖 )
𝑘=0 𝑖=0 𝑖=0
𝑖≠𝑘 𝑖≠𝑘

Example:

x 1 = x_0 2 = x_1
y 1 =y_0 3 =y_1

𝑛=1 𝑛=1
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
∑ 𝑦𝑘 · (∏ )
𝑥𝑘 − 𝑥𝑖
𝑘=0 𝑖=0
𝑖≠𝑘

𝑥−2 𝑥−1
=1·( )+3·( ) = 1 · (−𝑥 + 2) + 3 · (𝑥 − 1) = −𝑥 + 2 + 3𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥 − 1
1−2 2−1