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1. 𝑋𝑛 barisan variabel random dengan P(𝑋𝑛 = 1) = 𝑛 dan P(𝑋𝑛 = 0) = 1 − 𝑛 . Buktikan
𝑋𝑛 𝑝 → 0
Jawab :
● 𝑋𝑛 𝑝 → 0
Jika ∀ϵ > 0 P( |𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 ) → 0
Atau 𝑃( |𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 ) → 0
|𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 artinya 𝑋𝑛 > −𝜖 atau 𝑋𝑛 > ϵ
2
P ( | 𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 ) = {𝑃 (𝑋𝑛=1 ) = 𝑛
, 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 0 < 𝜖 < 1 0, 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝜖 ≥ 1
2
Limit P (|𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 ) = {𝑃 (𝑋𝑛=1 ) = 𝑛
, 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 0 < 𝜖 < 1 0, 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝜖 ≥ 1
𝑃 ( | 𝑋𝑛 | > 𝜖 ) = 0, ∀ϵ > 0
2 2
2. 𝑋𝑛 barisan variabel random dengan 𝑃(𝑋𝑛 = 1) = 𝑛 dan 𝑃(𝑋𝑛 = 0) = 1 − 𝑛 .
Buktikan 𝑋𝑛 𝑎𝑠 → 0
Jawab:
𝑋𝑛 𝑎𝑠 → 0 Jika 𝑃 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑋𝑛 = 0) = 1
𝑛→∞
2
𝑃 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 1) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑃 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑋𝑛 = 1) = 0
𝑛→∞
2
𝑃 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑋𝑛 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 0) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 (1 − )
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑃 ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑋𝑛 = 0) = 1
𝑛→∞
𝑋𝑛 𝑎. 𝑠 → 2
Jawab :
𝑋𝑛 𝑎. 𝑠 → 𝑐 jika P (𝑋𝑛 = 𝑐 ) = 1
𝑋𝑛 𝑎. 𝑠 → 2 jika P (𝑋𝑛 = 2 ) = 1
1 1
𝑃[𝑋𝑛 = [2 − 𝑛]] = [2 − 𝑛 ]
𝑃[𝑋𝑛 = 2 ] = 1
1 1
𝑃[𝑋𝑛 = ] =
𝑛 𝑛
𝑃[𝑋𝑛 = 0 ] = 0
Karena 𝑃[𝑋𝑛 = 2 ] = 1 , maka terbukti bahwa 𝑋𝑛 𝑎. 𝑠 → 2
4. Xj, j = 1,2,…,n variabel random iid dengan E(Xj) = µ dan var(Xj) = yang keduanya
2
Pembahasan :
∑𝑛
𝑗=1 𝑋𝑗 1 1
E(𝑋𝑗 ) = 𝐸 ( ) = ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝐸(𝑋𝑗 ) = n𝜇 = 𝜇
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
∑𝑛
𝑗=1 𝑋𝑗 1 1 𝜎2
Var (𝑋𝑗 ) = Var ( ) = ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑗 ) = n 𝜎2 =
𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛2 𝑛
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑗 ) 𝜎2
∀𝜀 > 0 , P (|𝑋𝑗 − 𝐸 (𝑋𝑗 )| > 𝜀) ≤ =
𝜀 𝑛𝜀
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑗 ) 𝜎2
∀𝜀 > 0 , P (|𝑋𝑗 − 𝜇| > 𝜀) ≤ = 𝑛𝜀
𝜀
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑗 ) 𝜎2
∀𝜀 > 0 , 𝑃 (|𝑋𝑗 − 𝜇| > 𝜀) ≤ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =0
𝑛→∞ 𝜀 𝑛→∞ 𝑛𝜀
Sehingga
𝑋𝑗 𝑝 → 𝜇
2
E (𝑋𝑗 − 𝐸 (𝑋𝑗 )) = 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋𝑗 )
𝜎2
𝐸(𝑋𝑗 − 𝜇)2 = 𝑛
𝜎2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐸(𝑋𝑗 − 𝜇)2 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐸(𝑋𝑗 − 𝜇)2 = 0
𝑛→∞
Buktikan 𝑋𝑛 + 𝑌𝑛 𝑑 → 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
Jawaban :
Cara 1
1 2 2
𝑋𝑛 ~𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) → 𝑀𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝜇𝑡+2𝜎 𝑡
1 1
𝑦𝑛 [0, 1 − 𝑛 𝑛, 𝑛
𝑀𝑦 (𝑡) = ∑ 𝑒 𝑡𝑦 . 𝑓(𝑦)
1 1
𝑀𝑦 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡(0) . (1 − 𝑛) + 𝑒 𝑡𝑛 (𝑛)
1 𝑒 𝑡𝑛
𝑀𝑦 (𝑡) = 1 − +
𝑛 𝑛
𝑀𝑧 (𝑡) = 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑦(𝑡)
1 2 2
1 𝑒 𝑡𝑛
𝑀𝑧 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝜇𝑡+2𝜎 𝑡
(1 − 𝑛 + )
𝑛
1 1
1 𝜇𝑡+ 𝜎2 𝑡2 𝑡𝑛(𝜇𝑡+ 𝜎2 𝑡2)
𝜇𝑡+ 𝜎 2 𝑡 2 𝑒 2 𝑒 2
𝑀𝑧 (𝑡) = 𝑒 2 − +
𝑛 𝑛
1 2 2
𝑀𝑧 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝜇𝑡+2𝜎 𝑡
−0+0
1 2 2
= 𝑒 𝜇𝑡+2𝜎 𝑡
𝑀𝑥 (𝑡)~𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
𝑀𝑧 (𝑡)~𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
𝑧 ~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
𝑋 + 𝑌 ~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
Terbukti bahwa 𝑋𝑛 + 𝑌𝑛 𝑑 → 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
Cara 2
1 𝑥 1 𝑋−𝜇 2
𝐹𝑥 = 𝜎 ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− 2 ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥
√ 2𝑛 −∞ 𝜎
𝐹𝑦 = ∑ 𝑝(𝑦)
1 1
𝐹𝑦 = (1 − 𝑛) + 𝑛
𝐹𝑦 = 1
𝑍=𝑋+𝑌
𝐹𝑧 = 𝐹𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐹𝑥 . 𝐹𝑦
1 𝑥 1 𝑋−𝜇 2
𝐹𝑧 = 𝜎 ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− 2 ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥 . 1
√ 2𝑛 −∞ 𝜎
1 𝑥 1 𝑋−𝜇 2
𝐹𝑧 = 𝜎 ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− 2 ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥
√ 2𝑛 −∞ 𝜎
𝐹𝑥 ~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
𝑧 ~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
𝑋 + 𝑌 ~ 𝑁(𝜇, 𝜎 2 )
dan
∑𝑛𝑖=1 (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2
𝑣𝑎𝑟 ( ) = 2(𝑛 − 1)
𝜎2
𝑛
1
𝑣𝑎𝑟 (∑ (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2 ) = 2(𝑛 − 1)
𝜎4
𝑖=1
𝑛
Sehingga diperoleh :
2
∑𝑛𝑖=1 (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2
𝐸(𝑆𝑛 − 1 ) = 𝐸 ( )
𝑛−1
1
= 𝑛−1 𝐸(∑𝑛𝑖=1 (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2 )
1
= 𝑛−1 (𝑛 − 1)𝜎 2
= 𝜎2
2
∑𝑛𝑖=1 (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2
𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑆𝑛 − 1 ) = 𝑣𝑎𝑟 ( )
𝑛−1
1
= (𝑛−1)2 𝑣𝑎𝑟(∑𝑛𝑖=1 (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋)2 )
1
= (𝑛−1)2 2(𝑛 − 1)𝜎 4
2𝜎 4
=
𝑛−1
Menurut ketaksamaan Chebychev :
𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑆𝑛−12 ) 2𝜎 4
∀𝜀 > 0, 𝑃(|𝑆𝑛 − 12 − 𝐸(𝑆𝑛 − 12 )| > 𝜀) ≤ = 𝑛−1
𝜀2
𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑆𝑛−12 ) 2𝜎 4
∀𝜀 > 0, 𝑃(|𝑆𝑛 − 12 − 𝜎 2 | > 𝜀) ≤ = 𝑛−1
𝜀2
𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑆𝑛−12 ) 2𝜎 4
∀𝜀 > 0, 𝑃(|𝑆𝑛 − 12 − 𝜎 2 | > 𝜀) ≤ = (𝑛−1)𝜀2 = 0
𝜀2
2
Maka terbukti bahwa 𝑆𝑛−1 𝑃 → 𝜎2.