QUIZ 1: SOLUTION

Question 1 [1.5 Marks]

Determine the complex exponential Fourier series representation for the following signal
𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑡 + )
4

SOLUTION: Question 1
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑡 + ) ≡ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜔0 𝑡 + + ) ⟹ 𝜔0 = 2
4 4
But
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃) = (𝑒 𝑖𝜃 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )
2
Then,
𝜋 1 1
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑡 + ) = (𝑒 𝑖(𝜔0 𝑡+𝜋⁄4) + 𝑒 −𝑖(𝜔0 𝑡+𝜋⁄4) ) = (𝑒 𝑖(2𝑡+𝜋⁄4) + 𝑒 −𝑖(2𝑡+𝜋⁄4) )
4 2 2
1 −𝑖𝜋⁄4 −𝑖2𝑡 1 𝑖𝜋⁄4 𝑖2𝑡
= 𝑒 (𝑒 )+ 𝑒 (𝑒 ) ≡ 𝐶−1 𝑒 −𝑖2𝑡 + 𝐶0 𝑒 𝑖(0) + 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑖2𝑡
2 2
1
𝐶−1 = 𝑒 −𝑖𝜋⁄4 = 0.3536 (1 − 𝑖)
2
1
𝐶1 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜋⁄4 = 0.3536 (1 + 𝑖)
2
𝐶0 = 0
𝐶𝑘 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑘| ≠ 1
∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐶𝑘 𝑒 𝑖2𝑘𝑡 ; 𝐶−1 = 0.3536 (1 − 𝑖); 𝐶1 = 0.3536 (1 + 𝑖) ; 𝐶𝑘 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑘| ≠ 0

𝑘=−∞

QUESTION 2 [1.5 Marks]

Determine the complex exponential Fourier series representation for the following signal

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡)

SOLUTION: Question 2
By using trigonometry identity:
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝜃) = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)
2
1 1 1 1
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡) = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 ≡ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔0 𝑡 ⟹ 𝜔0 = 2
2 2 2 2
By using
1 𝑖𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) = (𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )
2𝑖
2
1 𝑖𝑡 1 1 1 1
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡) = ( (𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 )) = − (𝑒 𝑖2𝑡 − 2 + 𝑒 −𝑖2𝑡 ) = − 𝑒 −𝑖2𝑡 + − 𝑒 𝑖2𝑡
2𝑖 4 4 2 4
−𝑖2𝑡 𝑖(0) 𝑖2𝑡
≡ 𝐶−1 𝑒 + 𝐶0 𝑒 + 𝐶1 𝑒
1
𝐶1 = 𝐶−1 = −
4
1
𝐶0 =
2
𝐶𝑘 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑘 > 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 < −1

1
1 1
𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐶𝑘 𝑒 𝑖2𝑘𝑡 ; 𝐶1 = 𝐶−1 = − ; 𝐶0 =
4 2
𝑘=−1

QUESTION 3 [2 Marks]

Consider the periodic square wave 𝑥(𝑡)shown in the figure below. Determine the exponential Fourier
series of 𝑥(𝑡)

Figure Question 3
SOLUTION: Question 3

From Figure Question 3:

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴, − 𝑇0 ⁄4 < 𝑡 < 𝑇0 ⁄4

The period is 𝑇0

𝜔0 = 2𝜋⁄𝑇
0

From equation (1.10), Week1, 1st lecture slide:

1 1 𝑇0⁄4 𝐴 𝑇0⁄4 −𝑖𝑘𝜔 𝑡 𝐴 𝑇0 ⁄4

𝐶𝑘 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐴 𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 0 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 ]−𝑇 ⁄4
𝑇0 𝑇0 𝑇0 −𝑇0⁄4 𝑇0 −𝑇0⁄4 𝑇0 (−𝑖𝑘𝜔0 ) 0

𝐴
= (𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑇0 ⁄4 − 𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑇0⁄4 )
𝑇0 (−𝑖𝑘𝜔0 )
𝐴 −𝑖𝑘(2𝜋⁄𝑇 )𝑇0⁄4 𝑖𝑘(2𝜋⁄𝑇 )𝑇0 ⁄4 𝐴
= (𝑒 0 −𝑒 0 )= (𝑒 −𝑖𝑘2𝜋⁄4 − 𝑒 𝑖𝑘2𝜋⁄4 )
2𝜋
−𝑖𝑘 ( ⁄𝑇 ) 𝑇0 −𝑖𝑘2𝜋
0
𝐴 𝐴
= (𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 − 𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 ) = − (−𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 )
𝑖𝑘2𝜋 𝑖𝑘2𝜋
𝐴 1 𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 𝐴 1 𝑖𝜃 𝐴
= ( (𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑘𝜋⁄2 )) ≡ ( (𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)
𝜋𝑘 2𝑖 𝜋𝑘 2𝑖 𝜋𝑘
1
By using: 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) =
2𝑖
(𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )

𝐴 𝑘𝜋
𝐶𝑘 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝜋𝑘 2

1 𝑇0⁄4 𝐴 𝑇0⁄4 𝐴 𝑇0⁄4 𝐴 𝐴 𝑇0 𝐴

𝐶0 = ∫ 𝐴 𝑒 −𝑖(0)𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1 𝑑𝑡 = [𝑡]−𝑇 ⁄4 = (𝑇0 ⁄4 − (− 𝑇0 ⁄4)) = ( ) =
𝑇0 −𝑇0⁄4 𝑇0 −𝑇0⁄4 𝑇0 0 𝑇0 𝑇0 2 2
∞ ∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐶𝑘 𝑒 𝑖𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
= ∑ 𝐶𝑘 𝑒 𝑖2𝜋𝑘𝑡⁄𝑇0
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞
∞
𝐴 𝐴 𝑘𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝐶𝑘 𝑒 𝑖2𝜋𝑘𝑡⁄𝑇0 ; 𝐶0 = ; 𝐶𝑘 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑘 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝐶𝑘 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 𝜋𝑘 2
𝑘=−∞

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑘 𝑜𝑑𝑑