QUIZ 2: SOLUTION

Question 1 [2.5 Marks]:

Find the Fourier Transform of the following function

𝑥(𝑡) = [𝑢(𝑡 + 1) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)]𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑡

SOLUTION: Question 1

𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑡
ℱ{𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑡} = ℱ { }
2

From Fourier Transform pair Table:

ℱ{1} = 2𝜋𝛿(𝜔)

ℱ{𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 } = 2𝜋𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )

𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑡 1 1
⟹ ℱ{𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑡} = ℱ { } = {ℱ{𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑡 } + ℱ{𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑡 }} = {2𝜋𝛿(𝜔 − 2𝜋) + 2𝜋𝛿(𝜔 + 2𝜋)}
2 2 2
= 𝜋𝛿(𝜔 − 2𝜋) + 𝜋𝛿(𝜔 + 2𝜋), (1)
But
∞ 1
1 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 1
ℱ{[𝑢(𝑡 + 1) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)]} = ∫ [𝑢(𝑡 + 1) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)]𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − [𝑒 ]−1
𝑗𝜔
−∞ −1
1 2 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 2
= − [𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 − 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ] = [ ] = [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔], … … … (2)
𝑗𝜔 𝜔 2𝑗 𝜔

Therefore,

𝑋(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ℱ{[𝑢(𝑡 + 1) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 1)]𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜋𝑡}

But 𝑥(𝑡) is multiplication of (1) and (2), so by using Fourier Transform multiplication property, we have:
∞
1
𝑧(𝑡)𝑦(𝑡) ⟺ 𝑍(𝜔) ∗ 𝑌(𝜔) = ∫ 𝑍(𝜏)𝑌(𝜔 − 𝜏)𝑑𝜏
2𝜋
−∞

Hence,
 1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔
𝑋(𝜔) = {[{ }] ∗ [𝜋𝛿(𝜔 − 2𝜋) + 𝜋𝛿(𝜔 + 2𝜋)]}
2𝜋 𝜔
∞
1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏
= ∫ {[ ] [𝜋𝛿(𝜔 − 2𝜋 − 𝜏) + 𝜋𝛿(𝜔 + 2𝜋 − 𝜏)]} 𝑑𝜏
2𝜋 𝜏
−∞
∞ ∞
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏
= ∫{ 𝛿(𝜔 − 2𝜋 − 𝜏)} 𝑑𝜏 + ∫ { 𝛿(𝜔 + 2𝜋 − 𝜏)} 𝑑𝜏
𝜏 𝜏
−∞ −∞

But,
∞ ∞

∫ 𝑦(𝑡)𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑦(𝑡0 )𝑑𝑡 = 𝑦(𝑡0 ) ≡ 𝑦(𝑡)|𝑡=𝑡0

−∞ −∞

Hence, (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜔 − 2𝜋 − 𝜏 ⟹ 𝜏 = 𝜔 − 2𝜋 and for 𝜔 + 2𝜋 − 𝜏 ⟹ 𝜏 = 𝜔 + 2𝜋)

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔 − 2𝜋) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔 + 2𝜋)
𝑋(𝜔) = + = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(𝜔 − 2𝜋) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(𝜔 + 2𝜋)
𝜔 − 2𝜋 𝜔 + 2𝜋

QUESTION 2 [1.5 Marks]

Obtain the Fourier transform of the decaying sinusoidal signal

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔0 𝑡),

where 𝛼 and 𝜔0 are positive constant.

SOLUTION: Question 2

𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) −(𝛼−𝑗𝜔 )𝑡

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔0 𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 { }= (𝑒 0 − 𝑒 −(𝛼+𝑗𝜔0 )𝑡 )
2𝑗 2𝑗

From Fourier Transform Pair Table:

1
𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 ⟺
𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔

By replacing 𝛼 with 𝛼 − 𝑗𝜔0 in 𝑒 −(𝛼−𝑗𝜔0 )𝑡 and with 𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔0 in 𝑒 −(𝛼+𝑗𝜔0 )𝑡 , we have:

1 1
𝑋(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ℱ{𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −(𝛼−𝑗𝜔0 )𝑡 } − ℱ{𝑢(𝑡)𝑒 −(𝛼+𝑗𝜔0 )𝑡 }
2𝑗 2𝑗
1 1 1 1 1 1
= { − }= { − }
2𝑗 𝛼 − 𝑗𝜔0 + 𝑗𝜔 𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔0 + 𝑗𝜔 2𝑗 𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 − 𝑗𝜔0 𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 + 𝑗𝜔0
1 (𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 + 𝑗𝜔0 ) − (𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 − 𝑗𝜔0 ) 1 2𝑗𝜔0 𝜔0
= { }= { 2 }=
2𝑗 (𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 − 𝑗𝜔0 )(𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔 + 𝑗𝜔0 ) 2
2𝑗 (𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔) + 𝜔0 (𝛼 + 𝑗𝜔)2 + 𝜔02
QUESTION 3 [1.0 Marks]

Obtain the Fourier Transform of a unit-high square pulse 2 units starting at 𝑡 = 0 and ending at 𝑡 = 2.

SOLUTION: Question 3

The signal is illustrated below:

1, 0≤𝑡≤2
𝑥(𝑡) = {
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
∞ 2
−𝑗𝜔𝑡
1 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 2 1
𝑋(𝜔) = ℱ[𝑥(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 1𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − [𝑒 ]0 = − [𝑒 −𝑗2𝜔 − 1]
𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔
−∞ 0
−𝑗𝜔
𝑒 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔 2𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 2𝑒 −𝑗𝜔
=− [𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 − 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ] = [𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 ] = [ ]= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔)
𝑗𝜔 𝑗𝜔 𝜔 2𝑗 𝜔
= 2𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(𝜔)