• We have the (properly normalized) asymptotic wave function v (r; k) ≡ lim u (r; k):

r→∞

sin [kr + δ (k)]

v (r; k) = = cot δ (k) sin (kr) + cos (kr) . (1)
sin δ (k)

• It verifies near the origin:

r→0
r + O r2


v (r; k) −−−→ |{z}
1 + K0 (k) |{z} , (2)
irr reg

where K0 (k) ≡ k cot δ (k) is the ERF.

• The full potential has a long–range component — which, for brevity, we will call U (r) —
and a contact component: while the former implies that
 2
−∂r + U (r) − k 2 u (r; k) = 0 ,

(3)

the latter is equivalent to fixing the asymptotic boundary condition given by v (r; k).

• Call δf (k) to the phase shift produced by the regular potential U (r), but now using the
∂ u (r;k) r→0 1
initial condition ur reg
reg
(r;k) −
−−→ r — i.e. excluding the singular contact part. Now, (1)
may be rewritten:
sin [δ (k) − δf (k)] n h i h i h io
v (r; k) = cot δ (k) − δf (k) sin kr + δf (k) + cos kr + δf (k) .
sin δ (k)
(4)

• Express the full wave function as a linear combination of two independent solutions of RSE
— one f (r; k) is regular and the other g (r; k) is irregular:

sin [δ (k) − δf (k)] n h i o

u (r; k) = cot δ (k) − δf (k) f (r; k) + g (r; k) . (5)
sin δ (k)

• Comparing (4) and (5) we straightforwardly find the behavior at infinity of these functions:
h i
r→∞
f (r; k) −−−→ sin kr + δf (k) ; (6)
h i
r→∞
g (r; k) −−−→ cos kr + δf (k) . (7)

• On the other hand, near the origin we have:

r→0
A (k) kr + O r2


f (r; k) −−−→ ; (8)
h i
r→0
r + O r2


g (r; k) −−−→ B (k) + ∂r g (r; k) . (9)
r=0

• A (k) and B (k) can be numerically obtained, but they are related according to the fact
that the Wronskian of f and g is equal to k:
h i 1
g (r; k) ∂r f (r; k) − f (r; k) ∂r g (r; k) = A (k) B (k) k = k =⇒ B (k) = . (10)
r=0 A (k)

1
• Plugging (8)–(10) into (5), we find:

r→0 1 n h i h i o
r + O r2


u (r; k) ∝ + A (k) k cot δ (k) − δf (k) + ∂r g (r; k)
A (k) r=0
n h i h i o
2
r + O r2


∝ 1 + A (k) k cot δ (k) − δf (k) + A (k) ∂r g (r; k)
r=0
1 + K̂0 (k) r + O r2 ,


≡ (11)

where the last identity has been written in analogy with (2).

• Therefore, we obtained:
h i h i
K̂0 (k) = A2 (k) k cot δ (k) − δf (k) + A (k) ∂r g (r; k) ; (12)
r=0

however,h the last iresult is ill–defined when U (r) diverges at the origin due to the inclu-
sion of ∂r g (r; k) — for instance, taking (purely Yukawa) OPE potential produces a
r=0
logarithmic divergence. Later on, we will see how to remedy this issue.

• But, for now, let us see how we can reexpress (12) in terms of the Jost solution F (r; k)
verifying
 2
−∂r + U (r) − k 2 F (r; k)

= 0; (13)

r→∞ cos [kr + δf (k)] + i sin [kr + δf (k)]

F (r; k) −−−→ eikr = . (14)
eiδf (k)

• Comparing (6)–(7) with (14), we may infer the real and the imaginary part of F in terms
of f and g; consequently, invoking (8)–(10), we get the value of F and its derivative at the
origin:

g (0; k) + if (0; k)
F (0; k) =
eiδf (k)
1
=
A (k) eiδf (k)
1
=⇒ |F (0; k)| = ; (15)
A (k)

h i nh i h i o
−iδf (k)
∂r F (r; k) = |e {z } ∂r g (r; k) + i ∂r f (r; k)
r=0 r=0
A(k)F (0;k) | {z r=0}
A(k)k
 
h i ∂r F (r; k)
=⇒ A (k) ∂r g (r; k) = − ikA2 (k) . (16)
r=0 F (r; k) r=0

• Plugging (15)–(16) into (12), it turns:

" #
k n h i o ∂ F (r; k)
r
K̂0 (k) = 2 cot δ (k) − δf (k) − i + F (r; k) , (17)
|F (r; k)| r=0

which coincides with Haeringen&Kok’82.

2
• An alternative formulation comes from taking real parts in (16) — once plugged into (12),
this gives:
"  #
k h i ∂r F (r; k)
K̂0 (k) = 2 cot δ (k) − δf (k) + Re F (r; k)
; (18)
|F (r; k)| r=0

which coincides with Furnstahl&Steele’99.

• Consider the following:

−∂r2 u (r; k) + U (r) u (r; k) = k 2 u (r; k) ; (19)

= −∂r2 u (r; 0) + U (r) u (r; 0) = 0; (20)

−∂r2 v (r; k) = k 2 v (r; k) ; (21)

−∂r2 v (r; 0) = 0 . (22)

R∞ h i R∞ h i
Taking R dr u (r; k) × (20) − u (r; 0) × (19) and R dr v (r; k) × (22) − v (r; 0) × (21)
respectively gives:
h ir→∞ Z ∞
u (r; k) ∂r u (r; 0) − u (r; 0) ∂r u (r; k) = k2 dr u (r; k) u (r; 0) ; (23)
r=R R
h ir→∞ Z ∞
v (r; k) ∂r v (r; 0) − v (r; 0) ∂r v (r; k) = k2 dr v (r; k) v (r; 0) . (24)
r=R R

Subtracting both equations, and recalling that u and v are asymptotically identical,
h i h i
v (r; k) ∂r v (r; 0) − v (r; 0) ∂r v (r; k) − u (r; k) ∂r u (r; 0) − u (r; 0) ∂r u (r; k)
r=R r=R
Z ∞ h i
= k2 dr u (r; k) u (r; 0) − v (r; k) v (r; 0) .
R
(25)

• On one hand, using (1):

h i
v (r; k) × ∂r v (r; 0) − v (r; 0) × ∂r v (r; k)
r=R
   1
= cos (kR) + cot δ (k) sin (kR) × −
a
  
R 
− 1− × − k sin (kR) + k cot δ (k) cos (kR)
a
 
R→0 1
−−−→ − k cot δ (k) + + O (R) . (26)
a

Once the cutoff is removed (R ≡ 0), this merely gives:

 
h i 1
v (r; k) ∂r v (r; 0) − v (r; 0) ∂r v (r; k) = − K0 (k) +
r=0 a
r0 2
= − k − P k + O k6 .
4


(27)
2

3
• On the other hand, using (5) and (8)–(10):

R→0 cos δf (k) − cot δ (k) sin δf (k)

u (R; k) −−−→ + O (R) ; (28)
A (k)
h i h i
R→0
∂r u (r; k) −−−→ A (k) k sin δf (k) + cot δ (k) cos δf (k)
r=R
h ih i
+ cos δf (k) − cot δ (k) sin δf (k) ∂r g (r; k) + O (R) ; (29)
r=R

a
R→0 1 − af
u (R; 0) −−−→ + O (R) ; (30)
A (0)
h i
R→0 A (0)  af  h i
∂r u (r; 0) −−−→ − + 1− ∂r g (r; 0) + O (R) . (31)
r=R a a r=R

Thus:
h i
u (r; k) × ∂r u (r; 0) − u (r; 0) × ∂r u (r; k)
r=R
 h i 

sin [δ (k) − δ (k)]
 −A (0) + (a − af ) ∂r g (r; 0)
R→0 f r=R 
−−−→ ×
sin δ (k) A (k) a
 h i 

a − af
 A (k) k cos [δ (k) − δ f (k)] + sin [δ (k) − δ f (k)] ∂r g (r; k)
r=R 
− ×
aA (0) sin δ (k)
 
a − af sin [δ (k) − δf (k)] 1
=
a sin δ (k) A (0) A (k)
A2 (0)
 h i 
× − − A2 (k) k cot [δ (k) − δf (k)] + A (0) ∂r g (r; 0) − A (k) ∂r g (r; k) ,
a − af r=R
(32)

where O (R) corrections were ommitted.

• Again, remove the cutoff and redefine the MERF (12) so it gives a finite function of k:
h i h i
K̂0 (k) = A2 (k) k cot δ (k) − δf (k) + A (k) ∂r g (r; k) − A (0) ∂r g (r; 0) , (33)
r=0

and for low energies it turns:

k→0 A2 (0) 1
+ O k2 ≡ − + O k2 ,



K̂0 (k) −−−→ − (34)
a − af â
a−af
â = A2 (0) being the so–called modified scattering length. Also, define the function

sin δ (k)
C (k) ≡ A (k) . (35)
sin [δ (k) − δf (k)]

• With all this, we may write:

 
h i 1 1
u (r; k) ∂r u (r; 0) − u (r; 0) ∂r u (r; k) =− K̂0 (k) + . (36)
r=0 C (k) C (0) â

4
• Plugging (27) and (36) into (25) yields finally to the integral representation of the MERF:
Z ∞  
1 h i 1
K̂0 (k) = − + k 2 dr û (r; k) û (r; 0) − v̂ (r; k) v̂ (r; 0) + C (k) C (0) K0 (k) + ,
â 0 a
(37)

with û (r; k) ≡ C (k) u (r; k) and v̂ (r; k) ≡ C (k) v (r; k).

• Expand the functions û and v̂ as it follows:

h i
û (r; k) = û (r; 0) + ∂k2 û (r; k) 2 k 2 + O k 4 ≡ û0 (r) + û2 (r) k 2 + O k 4 ;



(38)
k =0

h i
k 2 + O k 4 ≡ v̂0 (r) + v̂2 (r) k 2 + O k 4 ;



v̂ (r; k) = v̂ (r; 0) + ∂k2 v̂ (r; k) (39)
k2 =0

h i
k 2 + O k 4 ≡ C0 + C2 k 2 + O k 4 .



C (k) = C (0) + ∂k2 C (k) (40)
k2 =0

Also, take the ERE and the MERE:

1 r0
K0 (k) = − + k 2 + P k 4 + O k 6 ;


(41)
a 2

1 r̂0
K̂0 (k) = − + k 2 + P̂ k 4 + O k 6 .


(42)
â 2

• Finally, use (38)–(42) in (37):

Z ∞ h i
r̂0 = C02 r0 +2 dr û20 (r) − v̂02 (r) ; (43)
0
Z ∞
1 h i
P̂ = C0 C2 r0 + C02 P + dr û2 (r) û0 (r) − v̂2 (r) v̂0 (r) . (44)
2 0

• Now, recall these relationships:

eiδf (k) F (r; k) = g (r; k) + if (r; k) ; (45)

e−iδf (k) F ∗ (r; k) = g (r; k) − if (r; k) , (46)

yielding
1
f (r; k) = . (47)
2i