Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REBLEX Reviewer 2016
REBLEX Reviewer 2016
PHYSICAL PLANNING – shall mean the rational use of land for development purposes.
Factors to Study:
Land Use Planning
Planning Principles
Ecological Balance
Preservation/Conservation
Urban Land Use Planning
Physical Infrastructure Development
SOCIAL PLANNING – refers to those activities concerned with planning, development, and
management of social services, facilities required by specific population groups, community, town, city,
province, region, or nation.
Factors to Study:
Demography
Education
Housing
Health Services
Social Welfare Services
Protective Services
Sports and Recreation
ECONOMIC PLANNING – refers to those activities concerned with uplifting the quality of life and
income levels of the population through assessment of advantages from economic activities in either
agriculture, industry, tourism, services, etc.
Factors to Study:
Commerce
Industry
Tourism
Agriculture
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING – refers to activities concerned with the management and development
of land, as well as, the preservation, conservation, and rehabilitation of the human environment.
Scope of Practice:
Development of a community, town, city, or region.
Development of a site for a particular need such as housing, education, etc.
Land Use and zoning plans for the management and development, preservation,
conservation, control, and rehabilitation of the environment.
Pre-investment, pre-feasibility, and feasibility studies.
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THEORIES IN URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
PLANNING PROCESS. Whatever the purpose may be, the planning process generally includes a set of
activities that remain invariant across different planning philosophies – a sort of general format to follow.
Example 1
Problem Structuring
Identification and Evaluation of Alternative Responses
Implementation
Monitoring and Evaluation
Example 2
Identification of a Problem
Formulation of Goals
Identification of Objectives and Targets
Determination of Constraints and Opportunities
Projection for Future Situation
Generation and Evaluation of Alternative Courses of Action
Implementation of Preferred Plan
Monitoring and Evaluation
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Example 3
Data
Description
Desires
Designs
Decision
Deed
SYSTEMS PLANNING – derived from the science of cybernetics: cybernetics was identified by Norman
Weiner in 1948, an American mathematician and thinker.
Concerned with urban and regional systems viewing them as complex interacting systems.
The planning or controlling system and the system which it seeks to control.
George Chadwick
Alan Wilson
Brian McLoughlin
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING – evolved from a physical planning model from the 1920s to 1930s as
exemplified by British planner Patrick Geddes’s S-A-P and Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City.
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY. By Walter Christaller, 1933. Explains the size and function of settlements
and their relationship with their hinterlands.
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CORE-PERIPHERY.
By John Friedmann. Unbalanced growth results to dualism – North and South, growing
points and lagging regions.
Dualistic economies.
Toffler – technological apartheid.
DEPENDENCY THEORY.
Development of First World derived from underdevelopment of Third World, neo-colonialism.
Advocated by Latin American economists and planners like Cesar Furtado.
INDUSTRIAL LOCATION THEORY. Generally, an economic theory that attempts to incorporate the
location factor into the “theory of the firm” and tries to explain the existing structure of industrial location
and changes in that structure.
Least Cost Approach. – Minimization of total costs (transport and production costs) in site
selection. Supply-oriented.
Market Area Analysis. – Optimum location is the site of maximum profit, one that affords
greatest access to market and serve greatest demand. Demand-oriented.
Profit Maximizing Approach. – Cost and demand factors of location combined. Cost
reducing and revenue increasing.
STAGES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH. By Walt w. Rostow, 1960. “The Stages of Economic Growth: A
Non-Communist Manifesto.
A neo-classical theory on economic growth and development. A take-off theory, wherein
there are five stages of economic development:
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HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS
A hamlet, a neighborhood, a small village.
A community, a town.
A city, an urban area.
A metropolis.
A conurbation – a composition of cities, metropolises, urban areas.
A megalopolis – merging of two or more metropolises with a population of 10 million or
more, a 20th century phenomenon.
Component City – population & income below that of highly urbanized city.
Independent Component City – a chartered city with a population and income below
those required for a city but whose charter makes it independent from the province.
Urban Area – as defined by NSO: in their entirety, all cities and municipalities with a
density of at least 1000/sq km; central districts (poblaciones) of municipalities and cities with a
density of at least 500/sq km; central districts, regardless of population size, exhibiting a street
pattern or street network, at least 6 establishments, a town hall, church or chapel, public plaza,
park, cemetery, market; and barangays having at least 1000 people and meeting the previous
conditions.
SECTOR THEORY. By Homer Hoyt, an economist, in 1939. Hoyt examined the spatial variations in
household rent in 142 American cities.
Rent patterns are not in the form of successive circles but appear as sectors. High rent
residential sectors are most important in explaining city growth as it pulls the growth of entire city in the
same direction, usually outward along transport routes.
MULTIPLE NUCLEI THEORY (Polycentric). Developed by two geographers Chauncy Harris and
Edward Ullman in 1945. Cities tend to grow around not one but several distinct nuclei.
The process is historical due to certain highly specialized activities, certain unrelated functions which
repel each other, etc.
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INVERSE CONCENTRIC ZONE THEORY. The preceding three theories apply primarily to cities of
MDCs, particularly American. Many cities in the LDCs follow somewhat different patterns – this is a
reversal of the concentric zone pattern.
THE IMAGE OF THE CITY. A collective image – map or impressions – map of a city, a collective picture
of what people extract from the physical reality of a city.
There are five basic elements which people use to construct their mental image of a city:
Pathways – major and minor routes of circulation to move about, the city has a network of
major routes and a neighborhood network of minor routes; a building has several main routes
which people use to get to it or from it. An urban highway network is a network of pathways for
a whole city.
Edges – the termination of a district is its edge. Some districts have no distinct edges at all but
gradually taper off and blend into another district. When two districts are joined at an edge they
form a seam. A narrow park may be a joining seam for two urban neighborhoods.
Landmarks – the prominent visual features of the city; some are very large and are seen at
great distances; some are very small and can only be seen up close (street clock, a fountain, or a
small statue in a park). Landmarks help in orienting people in the city and help identify an area.
Nodes – a center of activity; distinguished from a landmark by virtue of its active function; it is a
distinct hub of activity. Times Square in New York City is both a landmark and a node.
These five elements of urban form are sufficient to make a useful visual survey of the form of a city.
They are the skeletal elements of city form.
PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS
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HLURB (HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD) – the planning, regulatory and quasi-
judicial instrumentality of government for land use development.
Town Planning and Zoning Assistance Program
- Provide technical assistance in CLUP preparation.
- Identification and zoning of site for socialized housing
- Ratification of land use plans and zoning ordinances
Real Estate Management Program
Formulation of design standards and guidelines of subdivisions and condominiums
Issuance of Permits and Licenses
Land Use Enforcement Plan
Monitoring of all projects issued permits by LGUs and HLURB
DZA supervision
Adjudication of complaints
PLANNING – the key to orderly and rational land development in any local government unit, i.e. a city
or municipality.
CLUP (Comprehensive Land Use Plan) – prescribes the development pace, direction and strategies
for the optimum use of land resources in a community as well as its role in provincial and national
development.
REVERSIBLE USES – cases when the inherent features and characteristics of the land have not been
considerably altered or modified such that the soil horizon, landform, and structure remain intact so that
the land can be reverted to its former use or original condition.
IRREVERSIBLE USES – when land is subject to applications which brought about changes, alteration or
modifications so much so that it preempts the original use or it is physically impossible to restore the land
to its previous state or condition.
MULTIPLE LAND USES – combining different land uses, whether reversible or irreversible, in an orderly
and desirable pattern because:
COMPATIBLE AND INCOMPATIBLE LAND USES – a related concept of multiple uses of land is the
compatibility of uses. Some land uses are innately incompatible while others are completely compatible.
Compatible uses can coexist harmoniously and effectively in an orderly management.
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MAPS/MAPPING – a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area.
It is a convenient visual form of spatial data, their distribution and relationships.
RESIDENTIAL YELLOW
By dwelling type
COMMERCIAL RED
Wholesale, Retail (Gen. Merchandise), Services
(Auto Repair, Hotels, etc.)
INDUSTRIAL VIOLET
Manufacturing, Fabricating, Assembly,
Industries, etc.
INSTITUTIONAL BLUE
Schools, Church, Protective Services,
Government Buildings, etc.
PARKS/PLAYGROUNDS GREEN
Golf Courses, Race Tracks, Country Club, etc.
BUILT-UP AREAS ??
Cluster of at least 10 structures or if activity
occupies sizable land
MINING/QUARRYING BROWN
SWAMPLAND/MARSHES AQUA
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ELEMENTS OF A MAP
Map Title – defines the information and purpose of a map.
Legend – key to the codes and symbols used in a map.
Date and Author – name of map maker and date of survey or period covered by it.
North Arrow – usually, maps are oriented towards the geographic (true) north.
Geographic Coordinates – geographic grid known as latitudes and longitudes.
- Latitude (parallels) – distance measured north and south of the equator.
- Longitude (meridians) – distance measured east and west with the imaginary prime
meridian (Greenwich Laboratory in London) as reference line.
Scale – ratio distance on the map itself and the corresponding distance on the ground.
- Graphic Scale – line or bar marked off in graduated distances representing actual
distances on the ground.
- Numerical/Functional - compares map distance with ground distance by
proportional numbers and expressed as a representative fraction or ratio. Example:
1:1,000 means 1 meter on the map is equivalent to 1,000 meters or 1 kilometer on the
ground.
TYPES OF MAPS
1. GENERAL PURPOSE – shows suite of physical and cultural features at the same time.
Reference Map – shows simple properties of map data. Example: world map, road map, sketch
map.
Base Map – working map for the preparation of various maps. Example: general base map,
urban base map.
2. THEMATIC – depicts one single feature of the earth’s surface representing one or two themes.
Topographic Map – shows a limited set of features including terrain, streams, boundaries, and
roads.
Climate Map – gives the prevailing type of rainfall in the area.
Hydrogeologic Map – shows existing geologic features, rock types and ground and surface
water.
Slope Map – groups area exhibiting a particular range or degree of inclination.
Soil Map – shows the spatial distribution of different soil classification units in a locality.
Land Classification Map – categories of land by the Forest Management Bureau.
1. Forest Reserve
2. Mossy Forest
3. Commercial Forest
4. Logged Over Areas
5. Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
6. Swamp lands/Water bodies
7. Alienable and Disposable Land
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Urban Land Use Plan –indicates planned distribution of urban land uses.
Zoning Map – shows the zones or districts according to present and potential uses of land.
3. ANALYTICAL – illustrates the derived results from the analysis of two or more variables according to
desired outputs.
Erosion Hazard Map – analysis of soil and slope of an area.
Flooding Hazard – shows areas where flooding usually occur.
Land Capability Map – indicates suitability of areas for cultivation.
Soil Suitability Map – provides information on the degree of soil suitability for urban
development.
Development Constraints Map – illustrates the obstacles to development in the physical
sense like subsidence, flooding risks, or fault lines.
Land Management Unit – a land resources inventory map describing the shape of land in
terms of relief, not slope; an input map to land suitability map.
Land Suitability Map – classifies land into categories based on the degree to which the
characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of specific crops without
deterioration.
Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and activities that imposes limitations and offers
possibilities.
A site or project/planning area varies in size, location, and characteristics. “A site in its own right is a
living, changing community of plants and animals.” Such a community also has its own interests
that should be conserved, preserved or protected.
Knowledge of the site is vital in planning especially in mitigating competing or conflicting interests
between potential users and existing occupants to avert natural disasters such as severe erosion, water
intrusion, flooding, a drop in the water table, etc.
The site and its intended purpose are closely interrelated. Understanding the site to define or establish
the essential character or nature of the site or “the spirit of the place” to maintain, to some degree, a
continuity of the preexisting conditions within the locale.
A sufficient knowledge and understanding of the nature of the site would make the planner much
conscious and sensitive to the site’s distinct character and “closely knit” complexity “as to be
worthy of his interest, concern, and even his affection.”
Understanding the site has two branches – one oriented to the users and the other to the site itself.
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PREPARING A SITE PROFILE. Site inventory and assessment require the collection of comprehensive
and structured sets of data descriptive of the geophysical, biological, and social environment in
the site and around the site. A site profile is the outcome of this activity.
For planners, site profile provides information on the status and characteristics of the various aspects of
the environment which are indicative of the potentials and weaknesses of a particular area.
For decision makers, the site profile provides information on the environment needed in the formulation
of policies, strategies, or business decisions pertaining specifically to the area or to the environment in
general.
For those concerned with the assessment and monitoring of the environment, the site profile provides
benchmark information on the environment with which various scenarios can be drawn up with the
introduction of particular development project/s.
ZONING DEFINED
Zoning is a legal regulatory tool to implement the land use plan.
Zoning is the designation and allocation of territorial areas of city or municipality into
functional land use zones and districts.
Uses in accord with goals and objectives of local development plan.
Land Classification which involves the assessment of unclassified lands under the public
domain which include surveying, classifying, studying and mapping areas into agricultural, forest
or timber, mineral and national parks;
National government/DENR; congress delineates limits of forest lands and
national parks.
Land Reclassification is the subsequent classification, allocation and disposition of lands of
the public domain, classified as alienable and disposable into specific uses;
National government/DENR in coordination with LGUs.
Land Subclassification is the act of determining and assigning the uses of classified public
lands;
National government/DENR
Zoning is the legislative act of delineating areas or districts within the territorial jurisdictions
of cities and municipalities that may be put to specific uses and their regulation, subject to the
limitations imposed by law or competent authority;
LGUs
Land Use Conversion is the act of putting a piece or parcel of land into a type of use other
than that for which it is currently being utilized.
National government/DAR
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COMMERCIAL AREAS
Site must be most desirable general area as established by the economic survey
Site must be owned or controlled by developer
Land cost must be in keeping with overall economic consideration
Existing zoning must permit shopping center development
Site must contain sufficient land to permit construction facilities
Land must be in one piece, free of intervening roadways, right-of-way, easements, major waterways,
etc
Topography and shape of site must permit advantageous planning
Surrounding road pattern and accessibility must allow full utilization of the business potential
The structure must be visible from major thoroughfares
The surrounding areas should be safeguarded against blight
Retail facilities should be exposed to maximize foot traffic
Various mechanized traffic types and foot traffic be separated and distinct from one another
Maximum comfort and convenience for shoppers and merchants should be provided for
Orderliness, unity and beauty should be achieved
Wholesale Trade – resale of new and used goods (w/o transformations) to retailers.
1. Merchant wholesalers
2. Sales branches and sales offices
3. Assemblers, buyers, coops
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SITE SELECTION CRITERIA (TRADING)
It should be an urbanized area
There must be a developed economic and servicing activity and an established link with other key areas
Site must be in strategic and convenient locations, with modes of transportation for communication and
distribution of goods
Site must be along arteries and with more than one line of access
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
1. ACCORDING TO RESOURCE
Resource-Oriented Industries. These are characterized by the large proportion of raw materials
value to total production value. They are located in areas where resources are available, thus minimizing
added cost to the transportation of raw materials.
Market-Oriented Industries. These include processing which usually adds bulk and weight to the
products. Hence, distribution costs and other related problems are minimized if they are located near
marketing centers.
Footloose Industries. These industries are second-stage users where processing cost of materials
count more than transfer costs. Thus, they are located where their linkages are greatest.
2. ACCORDING TO CAPITALIZATION
Cottage Industry. An activity with total assets not exceeding P500,000.
Small Scale Industries. Total assets should be P500,000 to P5,000,000.
Medium Scale Industries. Total assets should be P5,000,000 to P20,000,000.
Large Scale Industries. Total assets should be over P20 million.
3. ACCORDING TO HAZARD/RISKS
Hazardous Industries. These are fire and health hazards. Non-hazardous industries discharge
negligible amounts of combustible or toxic wastes.
Pollutant Industries. These industries discharge large amounts of air, water or solid pollutants.
Pollutant industries emit little or negligible amounts of these pollutants.
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4. ACCORDING TO EMPLOYMENT SIZE
Cottage Industries. Industries with an employment of less than 10 workers.
Small Scale Industries. Industries with 10 to 99 employees.
Medium Scale Industries. Industries with 100 to 199 employees.
Large Scale Industries. Industries with 200 or more employees.
3. MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL
The Municipal Hospital has a service zone with a radius of approximately 30 kilometers. It should be
located in settlements not provided with hospital services, thus, serving as local gravitation points and
socio-economic centers. In special cases, it may be located in remote areas and provided with adequate
transport facilities.
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The Tertiary Care Provincial Hospital offers services like that of district hospitals but on a
departmentalized basis. Additional facilities/services such as operating rooms, dental services and out-
patient units as well as support services/facilities like x-ray and laboratory are provided.
Preferably located at the capital town; catchment area is the whole province.
7. MEDICAL CENTER
The Medical Center offers special care beyond the capabilities of Regional Hospital. The center provides
opportunities for training, teaching and research in the medical field.
8. GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL
It is a hospital operated and maintained partially or wholly by the National, Provincial, Municipal or City
Government or other political subdivision, board or other agency.
9. PRIVATE HOSPITAL
It is a hospital owned, established and operated with funds raised or contributed through donations, or
by private capital or other means by private individuals, association, corporation, religious organizations,
from company or joint stock association.
HOUSING. The National Shelter Program is implemented by the HUDCC and other key shelter agencies.
The NSP shall guide LGUs on existing housing policies.
RA 7279 mandates government agencies to assist LGUs in the planning and implementation of housing
programs.
Policy thrusts of NSP include:
Housing as a means of social intervention and catalyst for economic for economic activity.
People-centered and aided self-help approach to housing.
Maximum multi-sectoral participation.
Easier land access for housing.
Development of regional growth poles.
Sustainability and matching of housing finance with beneficiaries’ affordability.
Maintenance of ecological balance in urban development and housing.
Improvement of housing delivery system.
RA 7279 requires LGUs to conduct an inventory of lands identifying sites for socialized housing.
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TYPES OF BUILDINGS (from NSO)
Single House – an independent structure intended for one household, separated by open space or
walls
Duplex – a structure intended for 2 households, with complete housing facilities for each
Multi-Unit Residential – 3 or more units, intended for residential use only, usually consisting of 3
or more housing units.
TYPES OF SUBDIVISION
Subdivision Project – a tract or a parcel of land registered under RA 496 which is partitioned
primarily for residential purposes into individual lot with or without improvements thereon, and offered to
the public for sale, in cash or in installment terms.
Condominium Project – the entire parcel of real property divided or to be divided primarily for
residential purposes into condominium units including all structures thereon.
Economic and Socialized Housing – housing project for moderately low income families with
lower interest rates and longer amortization periods.
Open Market Housing – constructed and financed by the private sector as a business venture and
sold at prevailing market prices and interest.
TYPES OF DENSITIES
Low Density – less than 150 persons per hectare of residential area
Medium Density – 151 to 250 per ha.
High Density – more than 250 per ha.
INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS
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1. Potable water
2. Power and electricity and adequate power distribution system
3. Access to primary roads and transport facilities
A.O. 353: GUDELINES FOR PROTECTION OF AREAS NON-NEGOTIABLE FOR CONVERSION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Agricultural Land refers to lands devoted to agricultural activity and not classified as mineral, forest,
residential, commercial or industrial land.
Acquifer Recharge refer to sources of water replenishment where rainwater or seepage actually enters
the acquifers. Acquifers are sources of water from the ground.
Highly Restricted Areas Within Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural Development
refers to the most efficient agricultural land that can be grown to a wide range of crops with minimum to
moderate level of farm management requirement.
Land Use refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, development and
management.
Land Use Conversion refers to the act or process of changing the current use of a piece of agricultural
land into some other use.
Land Use Plan refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by maps and similar
illustrations which represent the community desired pattern of population distribution and a proposal for
the future allocation of land to the various land-using activities.
Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture (NPAA) refers to land reserved for agricultural
activities. The specific types of land reserved for agricultural activities covered by the NPAA are:
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All productive land in the low-calamity risk areas that are suitable for the production of economic
trees and other cash crops
All agricultural land that are ecologically fragile and whose conversion will result in serious
environmental problems
National Integrated Protected Areas System is the classification and administration of all
designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems, to
preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and to maintain their
natural conditions to the extent possible.
Premature Conversion of Agricultural Land means the undertaking of any development activities
whose results will modify or alter the physical characteristics of the agricultural lands to render them
sustainable for non-agricultural purposes without an approved order of conversion from the DAR.
Prime Agricultural Lands refer to lands that can be used for various or specific agricultural activities
and can provide optimum and sustainable yield with a minimum of inputs and development cost as
determined by the DA.
Protected Areas refer to identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique
physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity, and protected against
destructive human exploitation.
Reclassification of Agricultural Lands refers to the act of specifying how agricultural lands shall be
utilized for non-agricultural uses such as residential, industrial, commercial, as embodied in the land use
plan, subject to the requirements and procedure for conversion.
Regional Agri-Industrial Growth Centers are specific locations in each of the country’s regions
outside the National Capital Region (NCR) identified for development by providing it with the full range of
infrastructure/utilities needed by industries to establish operations in the countryside.
Regional Growth Networks/Corridors are neighboring provinces/regions which are linked together
and are identified through the collaboration and cooperation of various LGUs. The linking of these areas
permits the comparative advantages/strengths of each area to be shared with one another, thereby
ensuring the optimum utilization of resources and the development of networks/corridors and its
radiation areas.
Socialized Housing refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lots or homelots only
undertaken by the government or the private sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which
shall include site and services development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments,
and such other benefits in accordance with RA 7279.
Specialized Economic Zones refer to selected areas with highly developed or which have the potential
to be developed into agro-industrial, industrial, tourist/recreational, commercial, banking, investment and
financial centers. An ecozone may contain any or all of the following: industrial estates, export
processing zones, free trade zones, and tourist/recreational centers.
Tourism Development Areas refer to specific sites for tourism development located in areas identified
as priorities in the national and regional master plans as well as those designated through legislative and
executive issuances as tourist spots and tourist zones which can be developed into tourism estates or
integrated resort, leisure and recreation complexes, and other tourism related facilities.
Watershed refers to a catchment area or drainage basin from which the waters of a stream or stream
system are drawn.
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Zoning refers to the delineation/division of a city/municipality into functional zones where only specific
land uses are allowed. It directs and regulates the use of all lands in the community in accordance with
an approved or adopted land use plan for the city/municipality. It prescribes setback provisions,
minimum lot sizes, building heights and bulk.
Zoning Ordinance refers to a local legislation approving the development control/zoning plan and
providing for the regulations and other conditions, on the uses of land including the limitation on the
infrastructures that may be placed thereon within the territorial jurisdiction of a city or municipality.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Affordable Cost refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on the needs and
financial capability of Program beneficiaries and appropriate financing schemes.
Areas For Priority Development refers to those areas declared as such under existing statutes and
pertinent executive issuances.
Blighted Lands refers to the areas where the structures are dilapidated, obsolete and unsanitary,
tending to depreciate the value of the land and prevent normal development and use of the area.
Consultation refers to the constitutionally mandated process whereby the public, on their own or
through people’s organizations, is provided an opportunity to be heard and to participate in the decision-
making process on matters involving the protection and promotion of its legitimate collective interests,
which shall include appropriate documentation and feedback mechanisms.
Idle Lands refers to non-agricultural lands in urban and urbanizable areas on which no improvements,
as herein defined, have been made by the owner, as certified by the city, municipality or provincial
assessor.
Improvements refers to all types of buildings and residential units, walls, fences, structures or
constructions of all kinds of a fixed character or which are adhered to the soil but shall not include trees,
plants and growing fruits, and other fixtures that are mere superimpositions on the land, and the value of
improvements shall not be less than 50% of the assessed value of the property.
Joint Venture refers to the commitment or agreement by two or more persons to carry out a specific or
single business enterprise for their mutual benefit, for which purpose they combine their funds, land
resources, facilities and services.
Land Assembly or Consolidation refers to the acquisition of lots of varying ownership through
purchase or expropriation for the purpose of planned and rational development and socialized housing
programs without individual boundary restrictions.
Land Banking refers to the acquisition of land at values based on existing use in advance of actual need
to promote planned development and socialized housing programs.
Land Swapping refers to the process of land acquisition by exchanging land for another piece of land of
equal value, or for shares of stock in a government or quasi-government corporation.
Land Use Plan refers to the rational approach of allocating available land resources as equitably as
possible among competing user groups and for different functions consistent with the development plan
of the area and the Program.
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On-Site Development refers to the process of upgrading and rehabilitation of blighted and slum urban
areas with a view of minimizing displacement of dwellers in said areas, and with provisions as provided
thereof.
Professional Squatters refers to individuals or groups who occupy lands without the express consent
of the landowner and who have sufficient income for legitimate housing.
Resettlement Areas refers to areas identified by the appropriate national agency or by the local
government unit with respect to areas within its jurisdiction, which shall be used for the relocation of the
underprivileged and homeless citizens.
Security of Tenure refers to the degree of protection afforded to qualified Program beneficiaries
against infringement or unjust, unreasonable and arbitrary eviction or disposition, by virtue of the right of
ownership, lease agreement, usufruct and other contractual arrangements.
Slum Improvement and Resettlement (SIR) Program refers to the program of the National
Housing Authority of upgrading and improving blighted squatter areas outside of Metro Manila pursuant
to existing statutes and pertinent executive issuances.
Small Property Owners refers to those whose only real property consists of residential lands not
exceeding 300sqm in highly urbanized areas and 800sqm in other urban areas.
Squatting Syndicates refers to groups of persons engaged in the business of squatter housing for
profit or gain.
Underprivileged or Homeless Citizens refers to the beneficiaries of the this Act and to individuals or
families residing in urban and urbanizable areas whose income falls within the poverty threshold as
defined by NEDA and who do not own housing facilities.
Urban Areas refers to all cities regardless of their population density and to municipalities with a
population density of at least 500 persons per square kilometer.
Urbanizable Areas refers to sites and lands which, considering present characteristics and prevailing
conditions, display marked and great potential of becoming urban areas within the period of five years.
Zonal Improvement Program (ZIP) refers to the program of the NHA of upgrading and improving
blighted squatter areas within the cities and municipalities of Metro Manila pursuant to existing statutes
and issuances.
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