Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Newsletter
October
2018
Content
ICOCAD- Development of an Innovative Concept CHEMBEET -Biofuels and green chemicals from CtoC farming: Cradle to cattle farming
for Carbon Dioxide Utilization as Side Stream of sugar beet through direct processing
Integrated Bio-refinery Concepts
Countries : NL , PL Countries: NL, PL, UK
Countries: DE, PL
Link (s. Chapter 3.2)
(s. Chapter 3.1)
BIOFLEX - Clean and flexible REFAWOOD - Resource- MetHarmo - European GrateAdvance - Advanced Scaling Up -Scaling up
use of new difficult biomass efficient fuel additives for re- harmonisation of methods adjustable grate solutions advanced biofuels and
fuels in small medium scale ducing ash related operational to quantify methane emis- for future fuel flexible bio- biochemical production
combustion problems in waste wood com- sions from biogas plants mass combustion technolo- Countries: NL, CH
bustion gies
Countries: SE, DE, PL , AT Countries: SE, AT, DE, NL , PL Countries: DE, AT , SE; Countries: AT, CH , SE
partners from DK, CA -
Link Link associated Link
Link
OxyCar-FBC—Oxygen carriers in fluidized bed combustion of biomass for EnCat - Enhanced catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass for maximum produc-
higher efficiency, reduced emissions and negative CO2 tion of high-quality biofuels
Countries: AT, SE Countries: NL, AT, PL, SE
(Link) (Link)
Joint call 11: “Bioenergy as part of a smart and flexible energy system”
BIO-CCHP - Advanced EvEmBi - Evaluation BIOFEGG- Biogas HESAC- Hydrogen ManuMax- Develop- VaBiFlex- Value-
biomass CCHP based and reduction of me- For Future Electric Energy by Solar Activa- ment of a heat integrat- optimised use of biomass
on gasification, SOFC thane emissions from and Gas Grids tion of Cellulose ed steam explosion pre- in a flexible energy infra-
and cooling machines different European treatment process to structure
biogas plant concepts unlock the biogas poten-
Countries: AT, PL, SE Countries: AT, CH, DE , Countries: AT, FI, SE Countries: PL, SE tial of manure Countries: AT, DE, FI, SE
SE Countries: CH , SE
Link Link Link
BESTF2
CoRyFee - Cost Reduction in Yeast Fermen- MSWBH - Municipal Solid Waste to Butanol and BIOWAMET - BIO-Methane Production from Ur-
tation for Commercial Production of Cellulosic Hydrogen ban Organic Matter
Ethanol
Countries: DK & SE Countries: UK & NL Countries: ES, NL, & UK
Link) Link Link
BESTF3
Phoenix - High efficiency heat and power Waste2Bio - Valorization of urban SegraBio - Second Grade Biomass for Biofuels
generation from Syngas WASTEs to new generation of BIOethanol
Figure 1: Adiabatic (monolithic) 1st stage reactor (left) and 2nd stage plate-heat exchanger reactor under development in the scope of ICOCAD
NEWSLETTER ERA-NET BIOENERGY / BESTF3 | October 2018 4
3.2 Biofuels and green chemicals from sugar beet through direct processing (CHEMBEET)
Results and relevance of the project + impact
3.3 GrateAdvance - Advanced adjustable grate solutions for future fuel flexible biomass combustion technologies
3.4 European harmonisation of methods to quantify methane emissions from biogas plants (MetHarmo)
Figure 9: Determination of the overall methane emission rate by means of the Inverse Dispersion
Modelling Method. The open-path laser spectrometer measures the atmospheric methane
concentration downwind of the investigated biogas plant.
3.5 OxyCar-FBC - “Oxygen carriers in fluidized bed combustion of biomass for higher efficiency,
reduced emissions and negative CO2”
Stefan Penthor, Zero Emission Technologies, TU Wien, Austria
Figure 10: Concept of Chemical Looping Combus General operation was stable during the whole
tion (CLC). campaign with no signs of agglomeration. Fuel
conversion was in the range of 70-90% and the
AR and FR are designed as interconnected circu- data show that the counter current flow and the
lating fluidized bed reactors and the oxygen increased solids concentration in the upper part
carrier is the bed material circulating between of the fuel reactor, respectively, contributed
these reactors. The process temperature for significantly to fuel conversion. The amount of
CLC is comparable to conventional combustion fuel lost to the air reactor was in the range of 1-
5%. The results are a great starting point for
processes, i.e. 800-1 000 °C depending on fuel
further work in the project. This work will in-
and oxygen carrier material. Thus, a CLC reactor
clude test with additional oxygen carriers in the
system can be used in the same way as a con- form of manganese ores which have better re-
ventional circulating fluidized bed reactor (CFB) activity and are expected to give better perfor-
in a steam cycle process (heat recovery steam mance as well as optimization of the reactor
generator plus steam turbine) to produce pow- system.
er, heat and/or process steam. Combination of Figure 11: Picture of 80 kWth pilot unit at TU Wien.
Carbon Capture and Storage in combination
with bio based fuels (Bio Energy Carbon Cap- Contact: Dr. Stefan Penthor
ture and Storage, BECCS), i.e. negative CO2 Zero Emission Technologies
emissions, gains more and more importance as TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering
a long term climate repair option.
Getreidemarkt 9/166, 1060 Vienna, Austria
Further, efficiently captured renewable CO2 is
Phone: +43-1-58801-166367, Fax: +43-1-58801-16699
also necessary in a future sustainable circular
economy system, which is independent of fossil E-Mail: stefan.penthor@tuwien.ac.at
carbon sources.
NEWSLETTER ERA-NET BIOENERGY / BESTF3 | October 2018 10
3.6 Enhanced catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass for high-quality biofuels (EnCat)
The Enhanced Catalytic Pyrolysis (EnCat) pro- It was interesting to observe that the highest This includes different combustion systems
ject presents and investigates a new concept for yield of the total favorable compounds, includ- for conventional fuels, dry low NOx for nat-
the production of high-quality bio-oil from bio- ing hydrocarbons, phenols, furans, and alcohols, ural gas and low calorific fuels including
mass. The idea is schematically given in Figure was obtained with staged-catalyst HZSM-5:Al- waste gas, syngas, biogas and pyrolysis oil.
13. Because of of a novel biomass pre-treatment MCM-41 ratio of 3:1, compared to other experi- The aim in the EnCAT project is to get fur-
step to be developed the concept is suitable for mental systems and it was 5.27% higher than it ther insight in the atomization and combus-
both woody biomass and biomass residues from from single HZSM-5. While the non-catalytic tion of bio-oil in gas turbines and engines
agriculture, etc. The pretreated biomass will be pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis with single Al-MCM via experimental and numerical research.
pyrolysed in a reactor making use of deoxygen- -41, HZSM-5, and mixed-catalyst HZSM-5:Al- The existing gas turbines combustion sys-
ation catalysts. Simultaneously, CO2 will be MCM-41 ratio of 3:1 resulted in 25.25, 30.05, tem will be optimized for (catalytic) pyroly-
captured with sorbents and via the water-gas- 70.93, and 69.14%, respectively, the catalytic sis oil applications with low emissions and
shift reaction in-situ hydrogen will be produced. pyrolysis with staged-catalyst HZSM-5:Al-MCM high efficiencies.
After cleaning, the oil vapours will be mildly -41 ratio of 3:1 produced 76.20%. The synergis-
hydrogenated to produce a high-quality bio-oil. tic effects of HZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 may oc-
The high-quality oil will be used for combustion cur in the staged-catalyst and mixed-catalyst
tests in both a diesel engine and a gas turbine system.
for combined power and heat generation.
Light
Fraction
Regenerator liquid
Catalyst+CO2-sorbent
Heat/
Biomass Electricity
Catalytic Mild Heavy Gas Turbine
Biomass Solid
Pyrolysis Hydrogenation Fraction Bio-oil Gas Engine
Pretreatment Seperation
Reactor liquid
Figure 15: OPRA’s upgraded atmospheric
combustor test rig
Biogas Transportation
2nd Cat. Fuels
Gases and Hydro-
The experimental work is performed in a
Combustion
Chamber Char
genation combustor test rig (Figure 15) which has
been recently upgraded. In the combustor
test rig, OPRA’s combustors can be tested
at atmospheric conditions. A gas mixing
Figure 13: The concept of Enhanced Catalytic fast pyrolysis for the production of biofuels station is used to replicate any gaseous fuel.
Various liquid fuels, including pyrolysis oil
Parallel to this, the bio-oil will be further up- and ethanol, can be handled and mixed.
graded by a new method of downstream hydro- Application of bio-oil in gas turbine combus-
During the testing, various pressure, tem-
genation under high pressure for production of tors
peratures and exhaust gas emissions are
high-grade transportation fuels. monitored to evaluate the performance of
OPRA Turbines develops, manufacturers, mar-
Here some preliminary project results are given: the operation on pyrolysis oil. The low calo-
kets and maintains generator sets in the 2 MW
Catalytic pyrolysis power range using the OP16 series of gas tur- rific fuel combustor can operate on pure
bines. The OP16 gas turbine is of an all-radial fast pyrolysis oil in the 70-100% load range.
A cascade catalyst solution by using staged- Within the EnCAT project, optimization of
design, which provides robustness, reliability
catalysts of HZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 is pro- the combustor will be performed to widen
and highest efficiency in its class. A key feature
posed and tested by KTH in order to further the load range without the need for a pilot
of the OP16 gas turbine the ability to utilize a
improve the quality of bio-oil from catalytic fuel. Furthermore, the use of catalytic py-
wide range of fuels.
pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Idea of the rolysis oil in a gas turbine combustor will be
cascade catalyst solution is using two catalysts evaluated in a later stage of the project.
staged one after another in layers was: firstly, to
induce the pre-cracking of the large molecule
oxygenates produced from pyrolysis into small-
er molecules via the larger mesoporous of the Al
-MCM-41 catalyst; secondly, the resultant
smaller oxygenates produced from the Al-MCM
-41 catalyst layer may then enter the smaller
microspores of the HZSM-5 catalyst for further
cracking, mainly into a gasoline range hydrocar-
bon fraction. Figure 14 shows the configuration
of the test facility at KTH.
3.7 CoRyFee - Cost Reduction in Yeast Fermentation for Commercial Production of Cellulosic Ethanol
Project Summary
TU Delft
1. The DFCi was placed at Aqualia AnMBR This decrease was expected since the con- Figure 21 summarises the fouling potential val-
plant, located at the Business Park of Porto centration of solids in the reactor increased, ues obtained for anaerobic sludge from STP in
do Molle office building, Nigrán, Ponteve- namely the Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids Southern Spain (AnMBR1) and Harnaschpolder
dra, Spain, during March 2018. The DFCi (MLSS) increased from 3.8 to 6.2 g L-1 during
(HNP).
was connected online with the pilot, and the the period considered.
software altered to assure control of the
DFCi flux and cross flow velocity.
A) B)
Figure 19: Anaerobic DFC installation connected online to the pilot AnMBR from Aqualia (A) and connection scheme (B). Pilot located at the Business
Park of Porto do Molle office building, Nigrán, Pontevedra, Spain.
A) B)
2. Currently an online sludge filterability meas-
uring campaign is being performed at the
Aqualia AnMBR pilot located at Nigrán,
further designated as AnMBR2. During this
campaign flux enhancers will be added to
the pilot AnMBR2 in order to increase the
sludge filterability and decrease membrane
fouling, allowing to operate with a higher
flux.
Preliminary results showed an increase in the
cake layer resistance, expressed as when
comparing the start-up of the pilot and the
sludge after 4 months of operation, Figure
20. The is inversely related with filterability,
Figure 20: Results of online filterability measurements at the pilot AnMBR2 obtained after (A) 1 week and
this is, an increase in represents a detri-
(B) 4 months since the start-up of the pilot. The results were obtained by applying a flux of 60
mental effect on filterability. Therefore, the
filterability of the sludge from the AnMBR2 L m-2 h-1 and cross-flow velocity of 1.5 m s-1. is the added resistance due to cake layer
decreased during operation.
formation, is the volume of permeate obtained per square meter of membrane and
is the added resistance when 20 L m-2 of permeate are filtered.
NEWSLETTER ERA-NET BIOENERGY / BESTF3 | October 2018 14
University of Southampton
The University of Southampton continues to The sludge was fed and aerated over a week, Surprisingly cleaning with UAS and chemical
focus on improved treatment of membrane during which time samples placed in the tank cleaning significantly improved the flux to flows
fouling and fouling prevention. Membrane foul- grew natural biofouling layers. The flux through greater than the new membranes. Follow up
ing is a critical factor when considering AnMBR these fouled membranes was measured with tests are going to look at the membrane integri-
operation costs, with membrane costs and gas deionised water and then several different ex- ty after such cleaning. Mechanical cleaning re-
scouring causing over 78% of the operational situ methods of fouling removal were tested. turned the flux to approximately the same level
costs for a SAnMBR (4). The ability to minimise Fouling removal methods were UAS, water as the new membranes and a water rinse had
fouling can allow the use of less nutritionally rinse, chemical cleaning, and mechanical clean- minimal impact on membrane cleaning. Figure
dense feeds. This year ultrasonic activated ing. The water rinse was for 30 seconds under 22 shows the results of the cleaning tests. The
streams have been used to clean lab-fouled the same flow conditions as the UAS, chemical membrane on which the 60 second UAS treat-
membranes and particle-based fouling mitiga- cleaning followed manufacturer recommenda- ment was performed was an outlier in that the
tion test capability has been expanded through tions, and mechanical cleaning was achieved fouled membrane had grown an extensive
Newton-Link collaboration with researchers in with five wipes with a soft sponge. Results were amount of macroscopic fronds. Despite a large
Vietnam. normalised to the flux of new membranes. Flux increase in the flux recovery extensive fouling
was measured again with deionised water after was still present. These tests show promise that
Ultrasound has been studied many times as a the cleaning processes and the membranes UAS can effectively remove or prevent biofoul-
method for fouling removal or prevention on were sent for microscopic imaging to deter- ing layers on membrane systems.
membrane systems. The results have been mine the percentage of the membrane area
widely variable, from minimal effect to damage that could still be considered dirty.
of the membrane structure, even when the
same power is applied. Part of this variability
traces back to the fact that most systems have
not been characterised acoustically and reso-
nances can cause a 1000 fold different in acous-
tic pressure for the same applied electrical pow-
er. Another factor in the variability is the physics
of the cleaning itself. Tests in Southampton are
focusing on the adaptation of a technology call
Ultrasonically Activated Stream (UAS) (5),
which utilises non-inertial cavitation to clean at
lower acoustic pressures than many traditional
approaches. It is believed that this technology,
which has been shown to remove a variety of
biofilms, will be able to clean membranes with-
out damaging their surface.
While the ultimate goal is in-situ cleaning, initial
tests use an ex-situ ultrasonic delivery via a low
flowrate fluid stream 1 cm in diameter at 2 L/ Figure 22: Results of membrane cleaning tests. Top: The ratio of pre and post-cleaning flux to the flux
min. A series of PVDF membranes were fouled
measured from virgin membranes. Bottom: The percentage of dirty area after cleaning as determined
using return activated sludge from a local waste
treatment plant. with fluorescent microscopy.
NEWSLETTER ERA-NET BIOENERGY / BESTF3 | October 2018 15
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by the European Union’s ERA-NET Plus BESTF2 Programme, through the following national funding agencies: Centre for In-
dustrial Technological Development (CDTI, ES); Department of Energy and Climate Change, Technology Strategy Board (BBSRC, UK); NL Agency and
the Ministry of Economic Affairs (NL).
5. Upcoming events
On October, 30th, 2018 the second national An evening reception will be held on the after- The workshop will present results from the
IEA networking event will take place in project with six presentations from three
noon of 20 November, open only to those who
Neuchâtel (Switzerland). This year’s topic work packages, together with a discussion
will be on “Innovative and decentralized are participating in other sessions. The full
focusing on the use of additives in waste
solutions supporting the energy strategy agenda can be accessed here. wood combustion:
2050”. There will be keynote presentations
from IEA Headquarters in Paris as well as 1. Fuel additive design concepts for reduc-
from national governmental representa- tion of ash related problems in waste
In cooperation with: wood combustion: Results from thermo-
tives followed by short presentations from
different technology collaboration pro- chemical modelling and laboratory meas-
grams of the IEA where Switzerland is par- urements
ticipating. 2. Waste wood and additives in large-scale
combustion plants: Results from field
measurements.
8. November 2018, Biogas Across Bor-
ders - Conference on options and opportu- 3. Waste wood combustion for bioenergy:
nities for the biogas sector. Representation environmental and economic consequenc-
of the Free State of Bavaria to the Europe- es of using low-cost additives to reduce
an Union, Brussels, Belgium (Link) 27 February - 1 March 2019, World Sus- ash-related problems.
tainable Energy Days (WSED), Wels,
Austria. (Link)
6. European Technology and Innovation Platform Support of Renewable Fuels and Advanced Bioenergy
Stakeholders 2 (ETIP-B-SABS 2)
For further information please check our WEBSITEs or contact the co-ordinators:
ERA-NET Bioenergy
www.eranetbioenergy.net
Carina Lemke (FNR) : Tel.: +49 3843 6930 169; E-Mail: c.lemke@fnr.de
René Wismeijer (RVO): Tel.: +31 (0)88 0422470; E-Mail: rene.wismeijer@rvo.nl
BESTF3
http://eranetbestf.net/
Sophie Thomas (BEIS) : Tel. +44 300 068 5552 ; E-Mail: sophie.thomas@beis.gov.uk
Chris Young (MICROWIRE Ltd.): Tel.: +44 7970 422 901; E-Mail: bestf@microwire.co.uk