Revision Flashcards
Unit 7 Section 4 – Measurement geometry
Prisms
 A prism is a solid shape with parallel sides
and a constant cross-section. Volume = area
of cross-section × height.
 A cuboid is a prism with a rectangular cross-
section.
Volume = width × depth × height.
Surface area = the sum of its six
rectangular faces.
 A cylinder is a prism with a circular cross-
section.
Volume = πr2h.
Surface area = 2πrh.
Areas of similar shapes
 When a shape doubles in size, its area
increases by a factor of four. The Length
Scale Factor is 2; the Area Scale Factor is
4.
 If a shape trebles in size, its area increases
by a factor of nine.
 If a shape increases by a Length Scale
Factor of k, the Area Scale Factor increases
by k2.
 This applies even for irregular shapes, but
they must be similar.
 Similar shapes that are the same size are
congruent.
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Pyramids, cones and spheres
 A pyramid has four triangular sides and a
square base.
Volume = 1/3 × base area × vertical height.
 A cone is a pyramid with a circular base.
Volume = 1/3 πr2h.
Surface area = 1/3 πrl, where l is the slant
height.
 A sphere is a ball shape.
Volume = 4/3 πr3. Surface area = 4πr2.
Volumes of similar shapes
 When a solid doubles in size, its volume
increases by a factor of eight. The Length Scale
Factor is 2; the Volume Scale Factor is 8.
 If a solid increases by a Length Scale Factor of
k, the Volume Scale Factor increases by k3.
 This applies even for irregular shapes, but they
must be similar.
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