Power System with VSC-

HVDC Interconnection
Frequency Stability Control Strategy

L.J. Cai
GEIRI Europe GmbH
Berlin, Germany
 GEIRI

 GEIRI: Global Energy Interconnection

Research Institute
 Main Working Areas
 Offshore windfarm grid connection
 Offshore HVDC platform design
 Interconnection researches
 Participating research projects, i.e. Horizon
2020, Schaufenster Projects, BMWI Projects
etc.
1GW 320kV VSC
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
VSC HVDC

OWF

Interconnection

Embedded
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 VSC HVDC Structure
I dc
+
iua iub iuc
+ SM1ua SM1ub SM1uc

p
SM 2ua SM 2ub SM 2uc
vua : : : g1
S1

n vC C

+
SM 400ua SM 400ub SM 400uc g2
S2

Larm Larm Larm (a)

ic vc
ib vb Vdc
ia va
Larm Larm Larm
1. Voltage balancing control
+
2. Circulating current control
SM1l a SM1l b SM1l c Sub-
Module
3. Protections
vl a SM 2l a SM 2l b SM 2l c
: : : Multi- …
valve
Arm
- il
SM 400l a SM 400l b SM 400l c
il b il c
a
-
 VSC HVDC Controller

Cable/Line
MMC
Converter

V,θ
Modulation
Vf-
PLL controller

θ
+ Banlance

θ
Outer Inner
Controller Controller
 Inner Controller

Cable/Line
MMC
Converter

vgd
V,θ
Modulation
Vf-
PLL controller
+ Banlance
θ

+
K
θ

iˆd +
+ K P  sI
-
+
Outer Inner
Controller Controller
vˆd
- +
id L

iq L
- -
K
iˆq +
+ K P  sI
-
+ vˆq
+
vgq
 Outer Controller

Cable/Line
MMC
Converter

V,θ
Modulation
Vf-
PLL controller
+ Banlance
θ

θ
Outer Inner
Controller Controller

 Voltage frequency control (Vf-control)

 DC-Voltage and AC voltgae/reactive power
control (Vdc-Vac-control)
 Active power control (P-control)
 Droop control (Droop, for multi-terminal
operation)
 V/f Controller

Cable/Line
MMC
Converter

V,θ
Modulation
Vf-
PLL controller
+ Banlance
θ

θ
Outer Inner
Controller Controller

KI vˆd
+
+
vˆac KP  s dq
- vˆq v̂
vac 0 abc

fˆ 2 s ˆ
 Vdc/Vac Controller

Cable/Line
MMC
Converter

V,θ
Modulation
Vf-
PLL controller
+ Banlance
θ

θ
Outer Inner
Controller Controller

K
vˆdc +
+ K P  sI iˆd
-
vdc
slow setpoint tracking
K
vˆac + + iˆq
+ +
K P  sI
- +
vac
VSC HVDC

OWF

Interconnection

Embedded
 OWF VSC-HVDC

 OWF 3~ =
~
= 3~
150kV 400kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system

 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power line A DC cable B line power
system A system B
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 GEIRI

 OWF 3~ =
~
= 3~
150kV 400kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system

Vf-control

Vdc-Vac
Control

Frequency
Controller
 GEIRI
P DC
3~ 3~ P AC
+
C VDC
-
= =
Offshore Onshore
converter converter
 GEIRI

 OWF 3~ =
~
= 3~
150kV 400kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system

V DC

PI Gradient -
f ref - +
Trigger Limiter
+ Controller +

f onshore V DC_ref
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 GEIRI

3~ =
~
= 3~ 400kV
150kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system
Load A
500MW
 GEIRI
3~ =
~
= 3~ 400kV
150kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system
Load A
500MW
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 GEIRI

 OWF 3~ =
~
= 3~
150kV 400kV
AC cable Offshore ±320kV Onshore transmission Onshore
OWF converter DC cable converter line power
system

 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power line A DC cable B line power
system A system B
 GEIRI
 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power line A DC cable B line power
system A system B

P-control Vdc-Vac
Frequency
Control
Controller

fref - PI Gradient +
Trigger
+ Controller Limiter +

fA Pref
 GEIRI
 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power line A DC cable B line power
system A system B

P-control Vdc-Vac
Control
Frequency
Controller
VDC
-
fref - PI Gradient +/-
Trigger
+ Controller Limiter +

fB VDC_ref
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 P Control
 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power power

P
line A DC cable B line
system A system B
Load A
500MW

600

1
500

0.95 400

300
0.9

200

0.85
100

0.8 0
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
time (t) time (t)
 VDC Control
 Inter- 3~ =

connection
~ ~
= 3~
400kV 400kV
Onshore transmission Converter ±320kV Converter transmission Onshore
power power

P
line A DC cable B line
system A system B
Load A
500MW

1.2 0

1.15 -100

1.1 -200

1.05 -300

1 -400

0.95 -500

0.9 -600

0.85 -700

0.8 -800
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15
time (t) time (t)
 Contents

 Introduction: VSC-HVDC connections

 VSC-HVDC structure and controller
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Control strategy
 Simulation results
 Conclusion and future works
 Conclusion

 Conclusion
 VSC-HVDC connected OWF frequency control
 VSC-HVDC interconnector frequency control
 Future works
 Coordinated control: OWF, VSC-HVDC and
onshore controllers
 VSC-HVDC voltage stability control
 VSC-HVDC oscillation stability control
…
Thank you very much for your attention!