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Abstract—The rapid development of WCDMA technology The rapid development of WCDMA in European
has a direct impact on the increasing number of BTS countries has had an impact on the entire world including
provided by the network provider company. However, Indonesia. Now WCDMA has been used by more than
performance of BTS is not always in a good condition. One billions of customers worldwide. To compensate for the
of the causes of performance inhibition of BTS is drop call increasing development of WCDMA, cellular operators
(failed connection). This research was conducted on BTS compete in various ways. The increasing development of
MC3613302G located at Sempidi area, in Badung WCDMA also has an impact on the increasing number of
Regency. In order to identify the existing condition of BTS base stations provided by network providers. However, the
MC3613302G, drive test before was conducted to get the performance of BTS is not always maximal. One of the
value of Ec/No equal to -30 dB and RSCP value equal to - causes of performance bottlenecks from BTS is the large
100 dBm which was categorized in bad condition with drop number of MS so that they cannot be handled entirely. As
call value equal to 6%. In addition, form statistical data of a result of the excess number of MS that must be served by
BTS MC3613302G obtained some results it was handover a BTS, a drop call will occur. Drop call is a connection for
value of 32.82%, drop call value of 2.33%, and the value data access that occurs after the connecting process occurs
of CSSR of 23.38%. These results indicated that the but breaks abnormally. This drop call occurs before you
parameters was not in accordance with the KPI target and can access the BTS, has got a channel and has successfully
network optimization process needs to be done. made a connection but broke up suddenly without any
This research conducting optimization process by normal termination from the user. Drop calls are caused by
adding a list of the nearest BTS, handover attempt settings, various factors including missing neighbors, soft handover
and FDDQMIN settings. The addition of the nearest BTS failures, IRAT / hard handovers, congestion, out of
is done by adding the neighbor BTS of BTS MC3613302G synchronization, and other causes [1].
namely BTS MC3614712G. The handover attempt setting A good BTS is a BTS that is able to provide the best
was done by adding the handover trial process to 6 service by improving the quality of services so that the
experiments. The FDDQMIN setting is done by changing value of the drop call can be reduced. Service quality can
the minimum RSCP value from -98 dBm to -85 dBm. be measured objectively with Key Performance Indicators
Then, the optimization process was conducted. The (KPI). The standard KPI value for drop call set by the
result of drive test after obtained that the value of Ec/No is Ministry of Communication and Information for all
-10 dB and RSCP value is -80 dBm.Those value are provider companies is ≤ 5% [2]. Meanwhile, PT. Huawei
categorized in good condition with a drop call value is 0%. Services sets the KPI standard for drop calls on the 3G XL
In addition, the statistical data after the optimization network which is < 0.8%.
process obtained handover value of 99.81%, drop call value One area that has a high drop call value is Sempidi
of 0%, and CSSR value of 99.53%. This indicates that the Village. Sempidi Village is located in Badung Regency,
optimization process has been run on target by meeting the Bali Province. There are several BTS which handle
specified KPI standard that is handover > 98%, drop call < Sempidi Village, one of which is MC3613302G BTS. The
0.8% and CSSR > 98%. position of MC3613302G is adjacent to MC3611532G
BTS, MC3614712G BTS, and 3612538G BTS. In 2017,
Keywords— Drop Call, Handover, CSSR, Network MC3613302G had the highest drop call value in June. The
Optimization, KPI average drop call value for MC3613302G BTS in June is
1.35%. Based on the average monthly value, on June 6,
I. INTRODUCTION 2017 is the highest drop call with a value of 5.25%. This
Mobile telecommunications technology has entered value is very high and exceeds the drop call limit specified
an era of rapid development along with human needs to by PT. Huawei Services and the Ministry of
communicate with each other without limitations. Today, Communication and Information. Therefore, it is necessary
humans need high-speed telecommunications technology to optimize MC3611532G base stations so that the base
and can be done anywhere. One of them is the presence of stations can return to work optimally and can provide
3G networks with WCDMA technology (Wideband Code maximum service to customers.
Division Multiple Access).
II. LITERATURE REVIEW 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝐹𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑥 100%..............(1)
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
C. Drop Call
Drop call is a call failure that occurs after a
successful call, but ends without a normal termination. This
drop call occurs after MS can access the BTS, has got a
channel and has successfully made a connection, but breaks
suddenly without any normal termination by the user. Drop
calls are caused by factors such as missing neighbors,
handover failure, congestion, propagation loss, out of
synchronization, bad spots, pilot pollution, and drop calls Figure 2. Network Optimization Path
due to other factors [4]. As for how to calculate the Source : Febrian Al-Kautsar, 2009
percentage of the value of the drop call, the formula is used
as follows:
III. RESEARCH METODS Based on Table 1., it can be seen that the value of
This study uses quantitative methods. Data retrieval drop call on MC3613302G base stations has exceeded the
is done in 2 ways, namely by retrieving from the KPI standard limit set by PT. Huawei Services is 0.8%.
performance database the results of monitoring using the Factors that cause high drop call values are low CSSR and
Atlantis SQL Everywhere application as well as data from Handover values. KPI standards set by PT. Huawei
the Tems Investigation application in carrying out a drive Services for CSSR and Handover values, each of which is
test. Both of these methods are used to find out the 98%.
conditions in the field. Data from the Atlantis SQL V. DRIVE TEST
Everywhere database is used to determine the quality of
services including Drop Call, CSSR (Call Setup Success To collect actual network information in the field,
Rate), and handovers. While the data derived from the drive test measurements are carried out. Drive test was
results of the drive test is conducted to determine the signal carried out 2 times, namely dive test after and drive test
quality that occurs in the area so that if the data from the before. The drive test method used is dedicated mode,
database shows a decreasing or bad value, a drive test will which is the measurement of signal quality followed by
be performed to analyze the cause. making calls continuously for several times. The type of
drive test measurement that is done is with a single site
IV. DROP CALL DATA IDENTIFICATION drive test. After the drive test result data is obtained, color
Identification of drop call data can be known by classification is used to read the RSCP value and Ec/No on
retrieving statistical data using an application based on the the drive test result data as follows:
Table 2. Legend of RSCP and Ec/No Readings
query programming language, Atlantis SQL Everywhere.
Statistical data retrieval is done by connecting a computer
device with a database server using a LAN cable. The
statistical data collection was carried out for 3 days, namely
from 12 February 2018 to 14 February 2018 to see how the
performance of the MC3613302G BTS located in Sempidi
Village, Badung Regency. BTS MC3613302G is located at
coordinates latitude -8.61542 and longitude 115.191 as
shown in Figure 3.
2. CSSR Optimization
In CSSR optimization, changes are made by
changing the FDDQMIN parameter which is the minimum
signal value that can still be held by the BTS. The existing
FDDQMIN value for MC3613302G BTS is -98 dBm. This
Figure 8. Neighboring Optimization on BTS MC3613302G means, if MS has obtained RSCP values smaller than -98
dBm, the BTS will release the MS to be able to handover
Addition of neighboring MC3614712G base
and be served by the nearest neighbor BTS. However,
stations based on BTS distance factor, BTS sector
under existing conditions, BTS MC3613302G does not
direction, and scrambling code (SC). The distance factor is
have a list of neighboring BTS, so the MC3613302G base
seen based on the location of the nearest BTS from
station continues to hold the MS until the RSCP value is
MC3613302G BTS. The direction of the sector is seen
below -98 dBm even though it is in the bad category in the
based on whether there is a BTS with the direction of the
range of -100 dBm to -90 dBm according to Table 4.2.
sector facing the bad spot area, namely Cokroaminoto
Thus, BTS will continue to hold MS so that it causes BTS
Street. Scrambling code is a code that distinguishes
to provide services that do not guarantee to carry out the
between BTS or cell sectors that are used to distinguish one
communication process and result in a drop call as shown
user from another. Scrambling code of adjacent BTS must
in Figure 10.
have a different code, because if the scrambling code is the
same interference will occur. So, BTS that have met all
three factors are the MC3614712G BTS.
In Figure 8 it is seen that the neighboring
MC3614712G base stations on the MC3613302G base
stations have been successfully carried out with the
"Operation Succeded" notification. With the addition of
this BTS, if there is an MS that is still connected to the
MC3613302G BTS but already in a bad RSCP, the MS can
do a handover to the MC3614712G BTS so that the
percentage of drop call values can be minimized. Figure 10. Areas with Bad RSCP Value
In Figure 10 you can see the part marked with a Drive test after measurement results with Ec/No
black dotted line. The area is an area that has RSCP values parameters indicate that the signal quality has improved,
below -98 dBm, so that the area often experiences drop with the dominant colors shown are green and blue. The
calls. average value for Ec/No in MC3613302G BTS is -15 dB.
To overcome this, adjust the values of FDDQMIN This identifies that the optimization process is running
and neighbor settings. The value setting of FDDQMIN can according to the target.
be seen in Figure 11. In addition to the values of the Ec/No parameter, the
drive test results after also display the results of the RSCP
parameters as shown in Figure 13.