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Chap3 2b PDF
Chap3 2b PDF
Solution -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 1 m
Since = + for gas phase resistance that accounts for 85% of the total
Ky ky kx
resistance:
1/ k y
= 0.85 ⇒ ky = Ky/0.85 = 2.786×10-4/0.85 = 3.28×10-4 kmol/m2⋅s
1/ K y
m / kx
= 0.15 ⇒ kx = mKy/0.15 = 1.64×2.786×10-4/0.15 = 3.05×10-3 kmol/m2⋅s
1/ K y
NA 2.18 × 10 −5
NA = ky(yA − yAi) ⇒ yAi = yA − = 0.080 − = 0.01362
ky 3.28 × 10 −4
yAi 0.01362
yAi = m xAi ⇒ xAi = = = 8.305×10-3
m 1.64
1
Benitez, J. Principle and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations, Wiley, 2009, p. 169
3-19
Example 3.2-32. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A wetted-wall absorption tower is fed with water as the wall liquid and an ammonia-air
mixture as the central-core gas. At a particular point in the tower, the ammonia concentration
in the bulk gas is 0.6 mole fraction, that in the bulk liquid is 0.12 mole fraction. The
temperature is 300 K and the pressure is 1 atm. Ignoring the vaporization of water, calculate
the local ammonia mass-transfer flux. Data: kx = 3.5/(1 − xA)lm mol/m2⋅s, and ky = 2.0/(1 −
yA)lm mol/m2⋅s; equilibrium relation: yAi = 10.5xAi[0.156 + 0.622xAi(5.765xAi − 1)].
Solution -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
y A − y Ai x Ai − xA
NA = ky = kx
(1 − y Ai ) − (1 − y A ) (1 − xA ) − (1 − x Ai )
1 − y Ai 1 − xA
ln ln
1 − yA 1 − xAi
kx / ky
1 − y Ai 1 − xA 1 − y Ai 1 − xA
ky ln = kx ln ⇒ =
1 − yA 1 − x Ai 1 − yA 1 − x Ai
kx / ky 1.75
1 − xA 0.88
yAi = 1 − (1 − yAi) = 1 − 0.4 (E-1)
1 − x Ai 1 − x Ai
yAi and xAi are the solutions of Eq. (E-1) and the equilibrium relation:
The following Matlab codes solve Eqs. (E-1) and (E-2) and plot out these equations. The
intersection of the two curves from these equations also provides the solution.
v=fminsearch('f3d2d3',[0.5 0.5]);
xi=v(1);yi=v(2);
fprintf('xAi = %8.3f, yAi = %8.3f\n',xi,yi)
x=0:0.01:0.28;
y1=1-0.4*(0.88./(1-x)).^1.75;
y2=10.5*x.*(0.156 + 0.622*x.*(5.765*x-1));
plot(x,y1,x,y2)
xlabel('x_A');ylabel('y_A')
grid on
function ff=f3d2d3(v)
xi=v(1);yi=v(2);
f1=yi-1+0.4*(0.88/(1-xi))^1.75;
f2=yi-10.5*xi*(0.156 + 0.622*xi*(5.765*xi-1));
2
Benitez, J. Principle and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations, Wiley, 2009, p. 171
3-20
ff=f1*f1+f2*f2;
>> e3d2d3
xAi = 0.231, yAi = 0.494
The interfacial concentrations are: xAi = 0.231 and yAi = 0.494. The molar flux of A is then
1 − y Ai 1 − 0.494
= 4.7 mol/m ⋅s
2
NA = ky ln = 2 ln
1 − y A 1 − 0.600
∆12 ∆ 21 V2 −a
ln γ1 = − ln(x1 +x2∆12) + x2 − ; ∆12 = exp 12
x1 + x2 ∆12 x2 + x1∆ 21 V1 RT
3
Benitez, J. Principle and Modern Applications of Mass Transfer Operations, Wiley, 2009, p. 174
3-21
∆12 ∆ 21 V1 −a
ln γ2 = − ln(x2 +x1∆21) + x1 − ; ∆21 = exp 21
x1 + x2 ∆12 x2 + x1∆ 21 V2 RT
Recommended values of the parameter for this system are: V1 = 40.73 cm3/mol, V2 = 18.07
cm3/mol, a12 = 107.38 cal/mol, and a21 = 469.55 cal/mol. The vapor pressure for methanol
and water can be determined from the following equations:
3644.3 3800.0
ln P1vap = 16.5938 − ln P2vap = 16.2620 −
T − 33 T − 47
Solution -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Choose a value of mole fraction in the liquid phase, x1, between 0.1 and 0.25;
2) Evaluate the activity coefficients;
3) Evaluate the vapor pressures
4) Evaluate the partial pressures:
5) The mole fraction in the vapor phase, y1, is then p1/( p1 + p2)
kx 0.0149
yi = y + (x − xi) = 0.36 + (0.2 − xi) (E-1)
ky 0.0017
The above equation is a straight line that can be plotted on the graph with the equilibrium
curve. The intersection of flux equation (E-1) and the equilibrium curve provides the
interfacial compositions xi and yi.
The Matlab codes, listed in Table E-1, plots the equilibrium curve and flux equation (E-1).
From the closed up view of the graph (Figure E-2), the interfacial compositions are
3-22
--------- Table E-1 Matlab codes to plot equilibrium curve and flux equation ---------
R=1.987;T=360;v1=40.73;v2=18.07;a12=107.38;a21=469.55;
RT=R*T;
d12=v2*exp(-a12/(RT))/v1;d21=v1*exp(-a21/(RT))/v2;
x1=0.1:0.01:0.25;x2=1-x1;
con=d12./(x1+x2*d12)-d21./(x2+x1*d21);
gam1=exp(-log(x1+x2*d12)+x2.*con);
gam2=exp(-log(x2+x1*d21)-x1.*con);
pv1=exp(16.5938-3644.3/(T-33));
pv2=exp(16.2620-3800.0/(T-47));
p1=pv1*gam1.*x1;p2=pv2*gam2.*x2;
y1=p1./(p1+p2);
plot(x1,y1)
x=0.15;
y=0.36+(0.2-x)*.0149/.0017;
plot(x1,y1,[x 0.2],[y 0.36],'--')
xlabel('x_A');ylabel('y_A')
grid on
legend('Equilibrium','Flux equation')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-23
Figure E-2 Graphical solution (closed-up view)
The interfacial compositions xi and yi can be obtained directly from the following Matlab
codes without graphing:
function ff=f3d2d4(v)
x1=v(1);y1=v(2);x2=1-x1;
R=1.987;T=360;v1=40.73;v2=18.07;a12=107.38;a21=469.55; RT=R*T;
d12=v2*exp(-a12/(RT))/v1;d21=v1*exp(-a21/(RT))/v2;
con=d12/(x1+x2*d12)-d21/(x2+x1*d21);
gam1=exp(-log(x1+x2*d12)+x2*con);
gam2=exp(-log(x2+x1*d21)-x1*con);
pv1=exp(16.5938-3644.3/(T-33));
pv2=exp(16.2620-3800.0/(T-47));
p1=pv1*gam1*x1;p2=pv2*gam2*x2;
f1=y1-p1/(p1+p2);
f2=y1-0.36-0.0149*(0.2-x1)/0.0017;
ff=f1*f1+f2*f2;
ans =
0.1788 0.5455
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