University Of Al-Qadisiyah Subject: Traffic Engineering

College of Engineering Class: 2nd Stage

Roads and Transport Dept. Time: 2 hours

Date:

First Semester Exam 2016-2017

Note: Answer all questions (25 marks each)

Q1: Answer the following: (15 marks for A and 10 marks for B)
A) A section of highway is known to have a free-flow speed of 88.5 km/hr and a capacity of 3300 veh/hr.
Estimate the average speed at flow rate of 2100 veh/hr assuming linear speed-density relationship.

Qmax=uf*Kj/4
3300=88.5*kj/4, kj=149.15 vek/km
𝑘𝑗
𝑞 = 𝑢. 𝑘𝑗 − ( )𝑢2
𝑢𝑓
149.15
2100 = 𝑢. 149.15 − ( )𝑢2
88.5

1.685u2 – 149.15u + 2100 = 0

A=1.685, B= -149.15, C=2100
−B ∓ √B2 − 4AC
u=
2A
149.15 ∓ √149.152 − 4 ∗ 1.685 ∗ 2100
u=
2 ∗ 1.685
u=70.94 km/hr (normal), u=17.57km/hr (congested)

B) A parking area at city center has 30 bays and serve 200 veh per a day. Given that the parking efficiency
is 80% and the park is open 8 hours a day, find the average parking duration.

Parking load=192 veh.hr

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑓= ∗ 100
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
80 = ∗ 100
30 ∗ 8
Parking load=192 veh.hr
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
192
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 0.96 ℎ𝑟 = 57.6 𝑚𝑖𝑛
200

C) Speed and flow data have been collected for a given highway as shown below. Estimate the
highway capacity assuming nonlinear speed-density relationship.
Speed (mi/h) 20 40 60 80
Flow (veh/hr) 500 1207 1687 1604
 kj
u = c ln
k
Therefore, u = c lnk j − clnk
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑢, 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛𝑘, 𝑎 = 𝑐 𝑙𝑛𝑘𝑗 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = −𝑐

Speed Flow Density

(Y) (veh/hr) (k) x=ln(k) xi*yi xi^2
3.21887 64.3775 10.3611
20 500 25 6 2 6
3.40701 136.280 11.6077
40 1207 30.175 4 6 4
28.1166 3.33636 200.181 11.1313
60 1687 7 3 8 1
2.99822 239.858 8.98937
80 1604 20.05 9 3 8

12.9604 640.698
sum 200 8 2 42.0896
Average 50 3.24012

-
b 76.2491 `
a 297.056

c=-b=(optimum speed)= 76.2491

clnkj=a
kj= 49.1984
ln(kj/ko)=1
ln(kj)-ln(ko)=1
ln(ko)=ln(kj)-1
ko= (optimum density)= 18.099
qmax= optimum speed*optimum density= 1380.0

Q2: Answer the following:

A) A section of highway has a speed -density relationship as below, estimate highway capacity. The available
data for that section suggested that the average speed is 90km/hr when the flow rate is 2000 veh/hr and the
average spacing (from front bumper to front bumper) between vehicles that are completely stopping at
congestion is 10m. (16 marks)
𝐾𝑗
u = C ln
𝐾

Answer
Kj=1000/10=100 veh/km
𝐾𝑗
u = C ln
𝐾
k when flow=2000 veh/hr is 2000/90=22.222 veh/km
 100
90 = C ln
22.222
C=59.836 (optimum speed)
The optimum density (ko) is obtained as follows:
𝑙𝑛𝑘𝑗 = 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑘𝑜
ln(100) = 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑘𝑜

ko=36.79 veh/km
Qmax=optimum speed*optimum density
Qmax=59.836*36.79=2201 veh/hr

B) Describe the traffic conditions (normal or congested) for the following cases: (9 marks)
1- Traffic demand=5000veh/hr, traffic volume=4000 veh/hr, highway capacity=4500 veh/hr.
Demand>capacity (Congested)
2- Traffic demand=4000veh/hr, traffic volume=4000 veh/hr, highway capacity=4500 veh/hr.
Demand <capacity, Volume<capacity (Normal)
3- Traffic volume=1800 veh/hr, traffic density=30 veh/km, free flow speed=140 km/hr.
Speed=1800/30=60km/hr<uf/2 (Congested)

Q3) Answer the following:

A) It is required to estimate AADT based on traffic volumes data taken from specific hours during specific
days and months as shown below. The volume characteristic tables are also given. (15 marks)
Month Day Hour Volume
April Monday 9:00 - 10:00 A.M. 1100
May Wednesday 11:00 – 12:00 A.M. 800
October Sunday 10:00 – 11:00 A. M. 1300

Answer:
1- Estimation of 24 hours volume:
For Monday (9:00-10:00)=1100*18.8=20680 veh/day
For Wednesday (11:00-12:00)=800*18.52=14816 veh/day
For Sunday (10:00-11:00)=1300*17.1=22230 veh/day

2- Adjust 24-hour volumes for weakly volumes:

For Monday=20680*7.012= 145008 ADT= 145008/7=20715
For Wednesday=14816*6.582=97519, ADT=97519/7=13391
For Sunday=22230*9.515=211518, ADT=211518/7=30217
3- Adjust ADT to AADT
20715 ∗ 1.481 = 13391 ∗ 1.394 + 30217 ∗ 0.948
𝐴𝐴𝐷𝑇 = = 25997 𝑣𝑒ℎ/𝑑𝑎𝑦
3

B) Three vehicles (A, B and C) traveled a same distance of 25km during 28, 29, 30 minutes, respectively.
Given that each one of these vehicles has stopped at a check point for about 5 minutes, estimate average
running and journey speeds. (10 marks)

Answer:
Journey speeds:
Journey speed of A= 25/(28/60)=53.57km/hr
Journey speed of B= 25/(29/60)=51.72km/hr
Journey speed of C= 25/(30/60)=50.00km/hr
Average Journey speed=(53.57+51.72+50)/3=51.72 km/hr
Running speeds
Running speed of A= 25/((28-5)/60)=65.22km/hr
Running speed of B= 25/((29-5)/60)=62.5km/hr
Running speed of C= 25/((30-5)/60)=60 km/hr

Average running speed=(65.22+62.5+60)/3=62.57 km/hr

Q4) Vehicles start arriving at a recreational park from 7:30 a.m. with a rate of 5 veh/min for a 20 minutes and
then with a rate of 8veh/min for the rest of the day. The park usually open at 8:00 a. m. and the park policy
required that the queue must be cleared at 8:30 a. m. as a maximum. Estimate the following:
1) The required service rate. 2) Maximum queue lengths. 3) Average delay per a vehicle.

Answer

Arrivals at 8:30=5(20)+8(40)=420 veh

The queue must clear at 8:30 (i.e. after 30 minutes from opening the park)
Service rate =420/30=14 veh/min

Maximum queue at time t=30

Arrivals=100+8(30-10)=180 veh

Total delay=
420*60-(420*30/2)-(320*40/2)-(100*20/2)-(320*20)=5100 veh.min
Average delay=5100/420=12.14 min

450

400

350

300

250
Arrival
200
Departure
150

100

50

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Good Luck

Examiner Head of Department

Dr. Jalal T. S. Al-Obaedi Dr. Jalal T. S. Al-Obaedi