DERIVATIVES AND INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

In these formulas, u, v, and w represent functions of x. Also, a, c, and n represent constants. All arguments of the trigonometric
functions are in radians. A constant of integration should be added to the integrals. To avoid terminology difficulty, the
following definitions are followed: arcsin u = sin–1 u, (sin u)–1 = 1/sin u.
1. dc/dx = 0 1. # d f (x) = f (x)
2. dx/dx = 1 2. # dx = x
3. d(cu)/dx = c du/dx 3. # a f(x) dx = a # f(x) dx
4. d(u + v – w)/dx = du/dx + dv/dx – dw/dx 4. # [u(x) ± v(x)] dx = # u(x) dx ± # v(x) dx
5. d(uv)/dx = u dv/dx + v du/dx m+ 1
6. d(uvw)/dx = uv dw/dx + uw dv/dx + vw du/dx 5. # x mdx = x ^m ! - 1h
m+ 1
d ^u/vh
7. = v du/dx -2 u dv/dx 6. # u(x) dv(x) = u(x) v(x) – # v (x) du(x)
dx v
8. d(un)/dx = nun–1 du/dx 7. # dx = a1 1n ax + b
ax + b
9. d[f (u)]/dx = {d[f (u)]/du} du/dx
8. # dx = 2 x
10. du/dx = 1/(dx/du) x
d _logaui x
11. = _logaei u1 du 9. # a x dx = a
dx dx 1na
^ h 10. # sin x dx = – cos x
12. d 1n u = u1 du
dx dx 11. # cos x dx = sin x
_ ui
13. d a = ^1n ah au du 12. # sin 2xdx = x - sin 2x
dx dx 2 4
u u
14. d(e )/dx = e du/dx 2 x sin 2x
13. # cos xdx = +
15. d(uv)/dx = vuv–1 du/dx + (ln u) uv dv/dx 2 4
16. d(sin u)/dx = cos u du/dx 14. # x sin x dx = sin x – x cos x
17. d(cos u)/dx = –sin u du/dx 15. # x cos x dx = cos x + x sin x
18. d(tan u)/dx = sec2u du/dx 16. # sin x cos x dx = (sin2x)/2
19. d(cot u)/dx = –csc2u du/dx 17. # sin ax cos bx dx = - cos ^ a - bh x - cos ^a + bh x _ a 2 ! b 2i
2 ^ a - bh 2 ^ a + bh
20. d(sec u)/dx = sec u tan u du/dx
18. # tan x dx = –lncos x= ln sec x
21. d(csc u)/dx = –csc u cot u du/dx
19. # cot x dx = –ln csc x = ln sin x
_ -1 i
22. d sin u = 1 du _- r/2 # sin- 1u # r/2i 20. # tan2x dx = tan x – x
dx 1- u 2 dx
21. # cot2x dx = –cot x – x
_ -1 i
23. d cos u = - 1 du _0 # cos- 1u # ri 22. # eax dx = (1/a) eax
dx 1- u 2 dx
23. # xeax dx = (eax/a2)(ax – 1)
_ tan- 1ui
24. d
= 1 du _- r/2 < tan- 1u < r/2i 24. # ln x dx = x [ln (x) – 1] (x > 0)
dx 2 dx
1+ u
_cot- 1ui 25. # dx = 1 tan- 1 x ^a ! 0h
25. d
=- 1 du _0 < cot- 1u < ri a2 + x2 a a
dx 1 + u 2 dx
_ -1 i dx 1 tan- 1 b x a l, ^a > 0, c > 0h
26. d sec u = 1 du 26. # 2 = c
dx u u - 1 dx
2 ax + c ac
_ i_ i dx 2 tan- 1 2ax + b 2
d _csc- 1ui 0 < sec 1u < r/2du - r # sec u < - r/2
-1 -1
27a. # =
=- ax 2 + bx + c 4ac - b 2 4ac - b
dx u u 2 - 1 dx
27. _ 4ac - b 2 > 0i
_0 < csc- 1u # r/2i _- r < csc- 1u # - r/2i
dx 1 2ax + b - b 2 - 4ac
27b. # ax 2 + bx + c
= 2
1n
b - 4ac 2ax + b + b 2 - 4ac
_b 2 - 4ac > 0i

27c. # dx =- 2 , _b 2 - 4ac = 0i
ax 2 + bx + c 2ax + b

25 MATHEMATICS